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Steger G, Victor J. Design of a DNAzyme : Prediction of mRNA Regions Accessible to a DNAzyme. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2439:47-63. [PMID: 35226314 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2047-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of RNA-cleaving DNAzymes depends on a large extent on complex formation with their RNA targets. We describe available prediction tools that should help in the design of efficient DNAzymes and show some experimental methods to test the predictions. The main example is for a 10-23 DNAzyme, but the procedure works as well for the 8-17 DNAzyme family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Steger
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Julian Victor
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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2
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Bialy RM, Mainguy A, Li Y, Brennan JD. Functional nucleic acid biosensors utilizing rolling circle amplification. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9009-9067. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00613h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional nucleic acids regulate rolling circle amplification to produce multiple detection outputs suitable for the development of point-of-care diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger M. Bialy
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4O3, Canada
| | - Alexa Mainguy
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4O3, Canada
| | - Yingfu Li
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4O3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John D. Brennan
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4O3, Canada
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3
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Akoopie A, Arriola JT, Magde D, Müller UF. A GTP-synthesizing ribozyme selected by metabolic coupling to an RNA polymerase ribozyme. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj7487. [PMID: 34613767 PMCID: PMC8494290 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of RNA in early life forms required chemically activated nucleotides, perhaps in the same form of nucleoside 5′-triphosphates (NTPs) as in the contemporary biosphere. We show the development of a catalytic RNA (ribozyme) that generates the nucleoside triphosphate guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP) from the nucleoside guanosine and the prebiotically plausible cyclic trimetaphosphate. Ribozymes were selected from 1.6 × 1014 different randomized sequences by metabolically coupling 6-thio GTP synthesis to primer extension by an RNA polymerase ribozyme within 1016 emulsion droplets. Several functional RNAs were identified, one of which was characterized in more detail. Under optimized reaction conditions, this ribozyme produced GTP at a rate 18,000-fold higher than the uncatalyzed rate, with a turnover of 1.7-fold, and supported the incorporation of GTP into RNA oligomers in tandem with an RNA polymerase ribozyme. These results are discussed in the context of early life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Akoopie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joshua T. Arriola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Douglas Magde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ulrich F. Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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4
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Nucleic acid-cleaving catalytic DNA for sensing and therapeutics. Talanta 2020; 211:120709. [PMID: 32070594 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNAzymes with nucleic acid-cleaving catalytic activity are increasing in versatility through concerted efforts to discover new sequences with unique functions, and they are generating excitement in the sensing community as cheap, stable, amplifiable detection elements. This review provides a comprehensive list and detailed descriptions of the DNAzymes identified to date, classified by their associated small molecule or ion needed for catalysis; of note, this classification clarifies conserved regions of various DNAzymes that are not obvious in the literature. Furthermore, we detail the breadth of functionality of these DNA sequences as well as the range of reaction conditions under which they are useful. In addition, the utility of the DNAzymes in a variety of sensing and therapeutic applications is presented, detailing both their advantages and disadvantages.
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5
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Akoopie A, Müller UF. The NTP binding site of the polymerase ribozyme. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:10589-10597. [PMID: 30289487 PMCID: PMC6237761 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously developed RNA polymerase ribozyme uses nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) to extend a primer 3′-terminus, templated by an RNA template with good fidelity, forming 3′-5′-phosphordiester bonds. Indirect evidence has suggested that the ribozyme's accessory domain binds the NTP with a highly conserved purine-rich loop. To determine the NTP binding site more precisely we evolved the ribozyme for efficient use of 6-thio guanosine triphosphate (6sGTP). 6sGTP never appeared in the evolutionary history of the ribozyme, therefore it was expected that mutations would appear at the NTP binding site, adapting to more efficient binding of 6sGTP. Indeed, the evolution identified three mutations that mediate 200-fold improved incorporation kinetics for 6sGTP. A >50-fold effect resulted from mutation A156U in the purine-rich loop, identifying the NTP binding site. This mutation acted weakly cooperative with two other beneficial mutations, C113U in the P2 stem near the catalytic site, and C79U on the surface of the catalytic domain. The preference pattern of the ribozyme for different NTPs changed when position 156 was mutated, confirming a direct contact between position 156 and the NTP. The results suggest that A156 stabilizes the NTP in the active site by a hydrogen bond to the Hoogsteen face of the NTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Akoopie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ulrich F Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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6
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An artificial DNAzyme RNA ligase shows a reaction mechanism resembling that of cellular polymerases. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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7
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Cheng Y, Cheng M, Hao J, Jia G, Li C. Fluorescence Spectroscopic Insight into the Supramolecular Interactions in DNA-Based Enantioselective Sulfoxidation. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2233-2240. [PMID: 30070000 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of copper(II)-bipyridine cofactors and thioanisole substrate with human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA were studied by UV/Vis absorption, circular dichroism, and fluorescence quenching titration. Three copper(II)-bipyridine complexes are equivalently anchored to the G-quadruplex scaffold at all five fluorescently labeled sites. Thioanisole interacts with the DNA architecture at both the second loop and 3' terminus in the absence or presence of copper(II)-bipyridine complexes. These nonspecificities in the weak interactions of CuII complexes and thioanisole with G-quadruplex might explain why DNA only affords a modest enantioselectivity in the oxidation of thioanisole. These findings provide insights toward the construction of highly enantioselective DNA-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China.,Department of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Mingpan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China.,Department of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jingya Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China.,Department of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
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Abstract
The emergence of functional cooperation between the three main classes of biomolecules - nucleic acids, peptides and lipids - defines life at the molecular level. However, how such mutually interdependent molecular systems emerged from prebiotic chemistry remains a mystery. A key hypothesis, formulated by Crick, Orgel and Woese over 40 year ago, posits that early life must have been simpler. Specifically, it proposed that an early primordial biology lacked proteins and DNA but instead relied on RNA as the key biopolymer responsible not just for genetic information storage and propagation, but also for catalysis, i.e. metabolism. Indeed, there is compelling evidence for such an 'RNA world', notably in the structure of the ribosome as a likely molecular fossil from that time. Nevertheless, one might justifiably ask whether RNA alone would be up to the task. From a purely chemical perspective, RNA is a molecule of rather uniform composition with all four bases comprising organic heterocycles of similar size and comparable polarity and pK a values. Thus, RNA molecules cover a much narrower range of steric, electronic and physicochemical properties than, e.g. the 20 amino acid side-chains of proteins. Herein we will examine the functional potential of RNA (and other nucleic acids) with respect to self-replication, catalysis and assembly into simple protocellular entities.
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9
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Lee Y, Klauser PC, Brandsen BM, Zhou C, Li X, Silverman SK. DNA-Catalyzed DNA Cleavage by a Radical Pathway with Well-Defined Products. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:255-261. [PMID: 27935689 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe an unprecedented DNA-catalyzed DNA cleavage process in which a radical-based reaction pathway cleanly results in excision of most atoms of a specific guanosine nucleoside. Two new deoxyribozymes (DNA enzymes) were identified by in vitro selection from N40 or N100 random pools initially seeking amide bond hydrolysis, although they both cleave simple single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides. Each deoxyribozyme generates both superoxide (O2-• or HOO•) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and leads to the same set of products (3'-phosphoglycolate, 5'-phosphate, and base propenal) as formed by the natural product bleomycin, with product assignments by mass spectrometry and colorimetric assay. We infer the same mechanistic pathway, involving formation of the C4' radical of the guanosine nucleoside that is subsequently excised. Consistent with a radical pathway, glutathione fully suppresses catalysis. Conversely, adding either superoxide or H2O2 from the outset strongly enhances catalysis. The mechanism of generation and involvement of superoxide and H2O2 by the deoxyribozymes is not yet defined. The deoxyribozymes do not require redox-active metal ions and function with a combination of Zn2+ and Mg2+, although including Mn2+ increases the activity, and Mn2+ alone also supports catalysis. In contrast to all of these observations, unrelated DNA-catalyzed radical DNA cleavage reactions require redox-active metals and lead to mixtures of products. This study reports an intriguing example of a well-defined, DNA-catalyzed, radical reaction process that cleaves single-stranded DNA and requires only redox-inactive metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul C Klauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Benjamin M Brandsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Cong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Scott K Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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10
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Hesser AR, Brandsen BM, Walsh SM, Wang P, Silverman SK. DNA-catalyzed glycosylation using aryl glycoside donors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9259-62. [PMID: 27355482 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the identification by in vitro selection of Zn(2+)/Mn(2+)-dependent deoxyribozymes that glycosylate the 3'-OH of a DNA oligonucleotide. Both β and α anomers of aryl glycosides can be used as the glycosyl donors. Individual deoxyribozymes are each specific for a particular donor anomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Hesser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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11
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Catalytic DNA: Scope, Applications, and Biochemistry of Deoxyribozymes. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 41:595-609. [PMID: 27236301 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of natural RNA enzymes (ribozymes) prompted the pursuit of artificial DNA enzymes (deoxyribozymes) by in vitro selection methods. A key motivation is the conceptual and practical advantages of DNA relative to proteins and RNA. Early studies focused on RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes, and more recent experiments have expanded the breadth of catalytic DNA to many other reactions. Including modified nucleotides has the potential to widen the scope of DNA enzymes even further. Practical applications of deoxyribozymes include their use as sensors for metal ions and small molecules. Structural studies of deoxyribozymes are only now beginning; mechanistic experiments will surely follow. Following the first report 21 years ago, the field of deoxyribozymes has promise for both fundamental and applied advances in chemistry, biology, and other disciplines.
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12
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Abstract
Catalysis is a fundamental chemical concept, and many kinds of catalysts have considerable practical value. Developing entirely new catalysts is an exciting challenge. Rational design and screening have provided many new small-molecule catalysts, and directed evolution has been used to optimize or redefine the function of many protein enzymes. However, these approaches have inherent limitations that prompt the pursuit of different kinds of catalysts using other experimental methods. Nature evolved RNA enzymes, or ribozymes, for key catalytic roles that in modern biology are limited to phosphodiester cleavage/ligation and amide bond formation. Artificial DNA enzymes, or deoxyribozymes, have great promise for a broad range of catalytic activities. They can be identified from unbiased (random) sequence populations as long as the appropriate in vitro selection strategies can be implemented for their identification. Notably, in vitro selection is different in key conceptual and practical ways from rational design, screening, and directed evolution. This Account describes the development by in vitro selection of DNA catalysts for many different kinds of covalent modification reactions of peptide and protein substrates, inspired in part by our earlier work with DNA-catalyzed RNA ligation reactions. In one set of studies, we have sought DNA-catalyzed peptide backbone cleavage, with the long-term goal of artificial DNA-based proteases. We originally anticipated that amide hydrolysis should be readily achieved, but in vitro selection instead surprisingly led to deoxyribozymes for DNA phosphodiester hydrolysis; this was unexpected because uncatalyzed amide bond hydrolysis is 10(5)-fold faster. After developing a suitable selection approach that actively avoids DNA hydrolysis, we were able to identify deoxyribozymes for hydrolysis of esters and aromatic amides (anilides). Aliphatic amide cleavage remains an ongoing focus, including via inclusion of chemically modified DNA nucleotides in the catalyst, which we have recently found to enable this cleavage reaction. In numerous other efforts, we have investigated DNA-catalyzed peptide side chain modification reactions. Key successes include nucleopeptide formation (attachment of oligonucleotides to peptide side chains) and phosphatase and kinase activities (removal and attachment of phosphoryl groups to side chains). Through all of these efforts, we have learned the importance of careful selection design, including the frequent need to develop specific "capture" reactions that enable the selection process to provide only those DNA sequences that have the desired catalytic functions. We have established strategies for identifying deoxyribozymes that accept discrete peptide and protein substrates, and we have obtained data to inform the key choice of random region length at the outset of selection experiments. Finally, we have demonstrated the viability of modular deoxyribozymes that include a small-molecule-binding aptamer domain, although the value of such modularity is found to be minimal, with implications for many selection endeavors. Advances such as those summarized in this Account reveal that DNA has considerable catalytic abilities for biochemically relevant reactions, specifically including covalent protein modifications. Moreover, DNA has substantially different, and in many ways better, characteristics than do small molecules or proteins for a catalyst that is obtained "from scratch" without demanding any existing information on catalyst structure or mechanism. Therefore, prospects are very strong for continued development and eventual practical applications of deoxyribozymes for peptide and protein modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K. Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Tram K, Xia J, Gysbers R, Li Y. An Efficient Catalytic DNA that Cleaves L-RNA. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126402. [PMID: 25946137 PMCID: PMC4422682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many DNAzymes have been isolated from synthetic DNA pools to cleave natural RNA (D-RNA) substrates and some have been utilized for the design of aptazyme biosensors for bioanalytical applications. Even though these biosensors perform well in simple sample matrices, they do not function effectively in complex biological samples due to ubiquitous RNases that can efficiently cleave D-RNA substrates. To overcome this issue, we set out to develop DNAzymes that cleave L-RNA, the enantiomer of D-RNA, which is known to be completely resistant to RNases. Through in vitro selection we isolated three L-RNA-cleaving DNAzymes from a random-sequence DNA pool. The most active DNAzyme exhibits a catalytic rate constant ~3 min-1 and has a structure that contains a kissing loop, a structural motif that has never been observed with D-RNA-cleaving DNAzymes. Furthermore we have used this DNAzyme and a well-known ATP-binding DNA aptamer to construct an aptazyme sensor and demonstrated that this biosensor can achieve ATP detection in biological samples that contain RNases. The current work lays the foundation for exploring RNA-cleaving DNAzymes for engineering biosensors that are compatible with complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kha Tram
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiaji Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Gysbers
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yingfu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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14
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Biophysically inspired rational design of structured chimeric substrates for DNAzyme cascade engineering. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110986. [PMID: 25347066 PMCID: PMC4210168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of large-scale molecular computational networks is a promising approach to implementing logical decision making at the nanoscale, analogous to cellular signaling and regulatory cascades. DNA strands with catalytic activity (DNAzymes) are one means of systematically constructing molecular computation networks with inherent signal amplification. Linking multiple DNAzymes into a computational circuit requires the design of substrate molecules that allow a signal to be passed from one DNAzyme to another through programmed biochemical interactions. In this paper, we chronicle an iterative design process guided by biophysical and kinetic constraints on the desired reaction pathways and use the resulting substrate design to implement heterogeneous DNAzyme signaling cascades. A key aspect of our design process is the use of secondary structure in the substrate molecule to sequester a downstream effector sequence prior to cleavage by an upstream DNAzyme. Our goal was to develop a concrete substrate molecule design to achieve efficient signal propagation with maximal activation and minimal leakage. We have previously employed the resulting design to develop high-performance DNAzyme-based signaling systems with applications in pathogen detection and autonomous theranostics.
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Li Z, Liu Y, Liu G, Zhu J, Zheng Z, Zhou Y, He J. Position-specific modification with imidazolyl group on10-23 DNAzyme realized catalytic activity enhancement. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4010-7. [PMID: 24961875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues with imidazolyl and histidinyl groups were synthesized for site-specific modification on the catalytic core of 10-23 DNAzyme. The distinct position-dependent effect of imidazolyl group was observed. Positive effect at A9 position was always observed. The pH- and Mg(2+)-dependence of the imidazolyl-modified DNAzymes suggested that imidazolyl group in 10-23 DNAzyme probably plays a dual role, its hydrogen bonding ability and spacial occupation play the favorable influence on the catalytic conformation of the modified DNAzymes. This research demonstrated that the catalytic performance of DNAzymes could be enhanced by incorporation of additional functional groups. Chemical modification is a feasible approach toward more efficient DNAzymes for therapeutic and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Gaofeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Junfei Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhibing Zheng
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taiping Road 27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Junlin He
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taiping Road 27, Beijing 100850, China.
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16
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Brown CW, Lakin MR, Stefanovic D, Graves SW. Catalytic molecular logic devices by DNAzyme displacement. Chembiochem 2014; 15:950-4. [PMID: 24692254 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201400047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reactions catalyzed by DNAzymes offer a route to programmable modification of biomolecules for therapeutic purposes. To this end, we have developed a new type of catalytic DNA-based logic gates in which DNAzyme catalysis is controlled via toehold-mediated strand displacement reactions. We refer to these as DNAzyme displacement gates. The use of toeholds to guide input binding provides a favorable pathway for input recognition, and the innate catalytic activity of DNAzymes allows amplification of nanomolar input concentrations. We demonstrate detection of arbitrary input sequences by rational introduction of mismatched bases into inhibitor strands. Furthermore, we illustrate the applicability of DNAzyme displacement to compute logic functions involving multiple logic gates. This work will enable sophisticated logical control of a range of biochemical modifications, with applications in pathogen detection and autonomous theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl W Brown
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, MSC01 1141, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 (USA)
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