1
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Li Y, Biswas R, Kopcha WP, Dubroca T, Abella L, Sun Y, Crichton RA, Rathnam C, Yang L, Yeh YW, Kundu K, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Poblet JM, Lee KB, Hill S, Zhang J. Structurally Defined Water-Soluble Metallofullerene Derivatives towards Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211704. [PMID: 36349405 PMCID: PMC9983306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) are excellent carriers of rare-earth element (REE) ions in biomedical applications because they preclude the release of toxic metal ions. However, existing approaches to synthesize water-soluble EMF derivatives yield mixtures that inhibit precise drug design. Here we report the synthesis of metallobuckytrio (MBT), a three-buckyball system, as a modular platform to develop structurally defined water-soluble EMF derivatives with ligands by choice. Demonstrated with PEG ligands, the resulting water-soluble MBTs show superb biocompatibility. The Gd MBTs exhibit superior T1 relaxivity than typical Gd complexes, potentially superseding current clinical MRI contrast agents in both safety and efficiency. The Lu MBTs generated reactive oxygen species upon light irradiation, showing promise as photosensitizers. With their modular nature to incorporate other ligands, we anticipate the MBT platform to open new paths towards bio-specific REE drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rohin Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - William P. Kopcha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Thierry Dubroca
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Laura Abella
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ryan A. Crichton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Christopher Rathnam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yao-Wen Yeh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Krishnendu Kundu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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2
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Li Y, Emge TJ, Moreno-Vicente A, Kopcha WP, Sun Y, Mansoor IF, Lipke MC, Hall GS, Poblet JM, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Zhang J. Unexpected Formation of Metallofulleroids from Multicomponent Reactions, with Crystallographic and Computational Studies of the Cluster Motion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25269-25273. [PMID: 34559455 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New multicomponent reactions involving an isocyanide, terminal or internal alkynes, and endohedral metallofullerene (EMF) Lu3 N@C80 yield metallofulleroids which are characterized by mass-spectrometry, HPLC, and multiple 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Single crystal studies revealed one ketenimine metallofulleroid has ordered Lu3 N cluster which is unusual for EMF monoadducts. Computational analysis, based on crystallographic data, confirm that the endohedral cluster motion is controlled by the position of the exohedral organic appendants. Our findings provide a new functionalization reaction for EMFs, and a potential facile approach to freeze the endohedral cluster motion at relatively high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Thomas J Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Antonio Moreno-Vicente
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - William P Kopcha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Iram F Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mark C Lipke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Gene S Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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3
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Li Y, Emge TJ, Moreno‐Vicente A, Kopcha WP, Sun Y, Mansoor IF, Lipke MC, Hall GS, Poblet JM, Rodríguez‐Fortea A, Zhang J. Unexpected Formation of Metallofulleroids from Multicomponent Reactions, with Crystallographic and Computational Studies of the Cluster Motion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Thomas J. Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Antonio Moreno‐Vicente
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - William P. Kopcha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Iram F. Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Mark C. Lipke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Gene S. Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez‐Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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4
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Zalibera M, Ziegs F, Schiemenz S, Dubrovin V, Lubitz W, Savitsky A, Deng SHM, Wang XB, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Metallofullerene photoswitches driven by photoinduced fullerene-to-metal electron transfer. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7818-7838. [PMID: 34168836 PMCID: PMC8188499 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the discovery and detailed exploration of the unconventional photo-switching mechanism in metallofullerenes, in which the energy of the photon absorbed by the carbon cage π-system is transformed to mechanical motion of the endohedral cluster accompanied by accumulation of spin density on the metal atoms. Comprehensive photophysical and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies augmented by theoretical modelling are performed to address the phenomenon of the light-induced photo-switching and triplet state spin dynamics in a series of Y x Sc3-x N@C80 (x = 0-3) nitride clusterfullerenes. Variable temperature and time-resolved photoluminescence studies revealed a strong dependence of their photophysical properties on the number of Sc atoms in the cluster. All molecules in the series exhibit temperature-dependent luminescence assigned to the near-infrared thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence. The emission wavelengths and Stokes shift increase systematically with the number of Sc atoms in the endohedral cluster, whereas the triplet state lifetime and S1-T1 gap decrease in this row. For Sc3N@C80, we also applied photoelectron spectroscopy to obtain the triplet state energy as well as the electron affinity. Spin distribution and dynamics in the triplet states are then studied by light-induced pulsed EPR and ENDOR spectroscopies. The spin-lattice relaxation times and triplet state lifetimes are determined from the temporal evolution of the electron spin echo after the laser pulse. Well resolved ENDOR spectra of triplets with a rich structure caused by the hyperfine and quadrupolar interactions with 14N, 45Sc, and 89Y nuclear spins are obtained. The systematic increase of the metal contribution to the triplet spin density from Y3N to Sc3N found in the ENDOR study points to a substantial fullerene-to-metal charge transfer in the excited state. These experimental results are rationalized with the help of ground-state and time-dependent DFT calculations, which revealed a substantial variation of the endohedral cluster position in the photoexcited states driven by the predisposition of Sc atoms to maximize their spin population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Radlinského 9 81237 Bratislava Slovakia .,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Mülheim (Ruhr) Germany
| | - Frank Ziegs
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Sandra Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Mülheim (Ruhr) Germany
| | - Anton Savitsky
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Mülheim (Ruhr) Germany.,Faculty of Physics, Technical University Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Shihu H M Deng
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 USA
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 USA
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
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5
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Chai Y, Liu X, Wu B, Liu L, Wang Z, Weng Y, Wang C. In Situ Switching of Photoinduced Electron Transfer Direction by Regulating the Redox State in Fullerene-Based Dyads. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4411-4418. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuxiang Weng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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6
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Goyal S, Budhiraja M, Mandal D, Tyagi V. Experimental and Computational Insights into the Water‐Mediated Decomposition of
N
‐Sulfonylhydrazones: A Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of γ‐Keto/Nitrile Sulfones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Goyal
- School of Chemistry and BiochemistryThapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 India
| | - Meenakshi Budhiraja
- School of Chemistry and BiochemistryThapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 India
| | - Debasish Mandal
- School of Chemistry and BiochemistryThapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 India
| | - Vikas Tyagi
- School of Chemistry and BiochemistryThapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 India
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7
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Jin P, Li Y, Magagula S, Chen Z. Exohedral functionalization of endohedral metallofullerenes: Interplay between inside and outside. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Buck JT, Boudreau AM, DeCarmine A, Wilson RW, Hampsey J, Mani T. Spin-Allowed Transitions Control the Formation of Triplet Excited States in Orthogonal Donor-Acceptor Dyads. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Amerikheirabadi F, Diaz C, Mohan N, Zope RR, Baruah T. A DFT analysis of the ground and charge-transfer excited states of Sc 3N@I h-C 80 fullerene coupled with metal-free and zinc-phthalocyanine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25841-25848. [PMID: 30288541 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03849j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes and phthalocyanine derivatives are recognized as excellent active materials in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The tri-metallic nitride endohedral C80 fullerenes have greater absorption coefficients in the visible region and electron-accepting abilities similar to C60, which can allow for higher efficiencies in OPV devices. In this work, we have investigated the ground and charge transfer excited states of two co-facial donor-acceptor (D-A) molecular conjugates formed by the non-covalent coupling of trimetallic nitride endohedral fullerene (Sc3N@Ih-C80) with metal-free (H2Pc) and zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) chromophores using DFT calculations. The charge transfer (CT) excitation energies are calculated using the perturbative delta-SCF method that enforces orthogonality between the ground and excited states. The binding energies calculated using the PBE and DFT-D3 methods indicate that the dispersion effects play an important role in the stabilization of these complexes. The ground state dipole moment of the Sc3N@C80-H2Pc dyad is much larger than that of Sc3N@C80-ZnPc, but this is reversed in the excited state where the dipole moment of Sc3N@C80-ZnPc increases significantly. The lowest few excitation energies in the gas phase for the two complexes are very close, in the range of 1.51-2.66 eV for Sc3N@C80-ZnPc and 1.51-2.71 eV for the Sc3N@C80-H2Pc complex. However, the lower ionization potential and lower exciton binding energy make the Sc3N@C80-ZnPc dyad a better candidate for OPVs as compared to the Sc3N@C80-H2Pc dyad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amerikheirabadi
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
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10
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Münich PW, Schierl C, Dirian K, Volland M, Bauroth S, Wibmer L, Syrgiannis Z, Clark T, Prato M, Guldi DM. Tuning the Carbon Nanotube Selectivity: Optimizing Reduction Potentials and Distortion Angles in Perylenediimides. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5427-5433. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W. Münich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schierl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Dirian
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michel Volland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauroth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leonie Wibmer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, INSTM unit of Trieste, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, INSTM unit of Trieste, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Yang S, Wei T, Jin F. When metal clusters meet carbon cages: endohedral clusterfullerenes. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5005-5058. [PMID: 28681052 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes have the characteristic of a hollow interior, and this unique feature triggers intuitive inspiration to entrap atoms, ions or clusters inside the carbon cage in the form of endohedral fullerenes. In particular, upon entrapping an otherwise unstable metal cluster into a carbon cage, the so-called endohedral clusterfullerenes fulfil the mutual stabilization of the inner metal cluster and the outer fullerene cage with a specific isomeric structure which is often unstable as an empty fullerene. A variety of metal clusters have been reported to form endohedral clusterfullerenes, including metal nitrides, carbides, oxides, sulfides, cyanides and so on, making endohedral clusterfullerenes the most variable and intriguing branch of endohedral fullerenes. In this review article, we present an exhaustive review on all types of endohedral clusterfullerenes reported to date, including their discoveries, syntheses, separations, molecular structures and properties as well as their potential applications in versatile fields such as biomedicine, energy conversion, and so on. At the end, we present an outlook on the prospect of endohedral clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China.
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12
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Dirian K, Bauroth S, Roth A, Syrgiannis Z, Rigodanza F, Burian M, Amenitsch H, Sharapa DI, Prato M, Clark T, Guldi DM. A water-soluble, bay-functionalized perylenediimide derivative - correlating aggregation and excited state dynamics. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:2317-2326. [PMID: 29327015 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07870f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation and the photophysics of a water soluble perylenediimide (PDI) derivative that features two bromine substituents in the bay positions has been probed. Non-fluorescent aggregates were found to be present at concentrations of 1.0 × 10-5 M. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements and complementary molecular modeling showed the presence of PDI aggregates. In their singlet excited states, the PDI aggregates are characterized by distinct transient fingerprints and rapid deactivation, as revealed by pump-probe experiments on the femto-, pico-, nano-, and microsecond timescales. The product of this deactivation is a PDI triplet excited state. The efficiency of the triplet formation depends on the concentration, and hence on the degree of aggregation. Notably, for PDI concentrations in the range of the critical micelle concentration, the efficiency of intersystem crossing is close to zero. In short, we have demonstrated, for the first time, aggregation-induced formation of triplet excited states for PDI derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dirian
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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13
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Xia Y, Wang J. N-Tosylhydrazones: versatile synthons in the construction of cyclic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2306-2362. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00737f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Tosylhydrazones have been extensively explored as versatile building blocks in the construction of various cyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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14
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Saha A, Chen M, Lederer M, Kahnt A, Lu X, Guldi DM. Sulfur rich electron donors - formation of singlet versus triplet radical ion pair states featuring different lifetimes in the same conjugate. Chem Sci 2016; 8:1360-1368. [PMID: 28451277 PMCID: PMC5361866 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented family of novel electron-donor acceptor conjugates based on fullerenes as electron acceptors, on one hand, and triphenyl amines as electron donors, on the other hand, have been synthesized and characterized in a variety of solvents using steady state absorption/emission as well as transient absorption spectroscopy. These are unprecedented in terms of their outcome of radical ion pair formation, that is, the singlet versus triplet excited state. This was corroborated by femto/nanosecond pump probe experiments and by molecular orbital calculations. Not only has the donor strength of the triphenylamines been systematically altered by appending one or two sulfur rich dithiafulvenes, but the presence of the latter changed the nature of the radical ion pair state. Importantly, depending on the excitation wavelength, that is, either where the fullerenes or where the triphenylamines absorb, short-lived or long-lived radical ion pair states, respectively, are formed. The short-lived component with a lifetime as short as 6 ps has singlet character and stems from a fullerene singlet excited state precursor. In contrast, the long-lived component has a lifetime of up to 130 ns in THF, has triplet character, and evolves from a triplet excited state precursor. Key in forming more than three orders of magnitude longer lived radical ion pair states is the presence of sulfur atoms, which enhance spin-orbit coupling and, in turn, intersystem crossing. Independent confirmation for the singlet versus triplet character came from temperature dependent measurements with a focus on the radical ion pair state lifetimes. Here, activation barriers of 2.4 and 10.0 kJ mol-1 for the singlet and triplet radical ion pair state, respectively, were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Muqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing , School of Material Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , 430074 Wuhan , China .
| | - Marcus Lederer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing , School of Material Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , 430074 Wuhan , China .
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
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15
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Rudolf M, Feng L, Slanina Z, Wang W, Nagase S, Akasaka T, Guldi DM. Strong electronic coupling and electron transfer in a Ce2@Ih-C80-H2P electron donor acceptor conjugate. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13257-13262. [PMID: 27337172 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03324e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A newly designed electron donor-acceptor conjugate, namely Ce2@Ih-C80-H2P consisting of an endohedral dimetallofullerene Ce2@Ih-C80 and a free-base prophyrin (H2P), has been synthesized and systematically investigated. Basic characterization by means of NMR spectroscopy, steady-state absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemistry points to a folded configuration with sizeable interactions between Ce2@Ih-C80 and H2P. Complementary DFT optimization also results in the same conclusions. Time-resolved absorption spectroscopic investigations corroborate the formation of the (Ce2)˙(-)@Ih-C80-(H2P)˙(+) radical ion pair state in non-polar as well as polar media. Overall, the modus operandi is an ultrafast through-space electron transfer enabled by the folded configuration in the ground and excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
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16
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Sakai H, Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S, Hasobe T. Photoinduced Processes of Supramolecular Nanoarrays Composed of Porphyrin and Benzo[ghi
]perylenetriimide Units through Triple Hydrogen Bonds with One-Dimensional Columnar Phases. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:613-24. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201501367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; ALCA and SENTAN Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, ALCA and SENTAN; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Meijo University; Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073 Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; ALCA and SENTAN Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, ALCA and SENTAN; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Meijo University; Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073 Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
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17
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Rudolf M, Kirner SV, Guldi DM. A multicomponent molecular approach to artificial photosynthesis – the role of fullerenes and endohedral metallofullerenes. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:612-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00774g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we highlight recent advances in the field of solar energy conversion at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - S. V. Kirner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - D. M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Physical Biosciences Division
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18
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Trukhina O, Rudolf M, Bottari G, Akasaka T, Echegoyen L, Torres T, Guldi DM. Bidirectional Electron Transfer Capability in Phthalocyanine–Sc3N@Ih–C80 Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12914-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Trukhina
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Faraday
9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Rudolf
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular
Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Faraday
9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | | | - Tomas Torres
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Faraday
9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular
Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Wu B, Hu J, Cui P, Jiang L, Chen Z, Zhang Q, Wang C, Luo Y. Visible-Light Photoexcited Electron Dynamics of Scandium Endohedral Metallofullerenes: The Cage Symmetry and Substituent Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8769-74. [PMID: 26097975 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have become an important class of molecular materials for optoelectronic applications. The performance of EMFs is known to be dependent on their symmetries and characters of the substituents, but the underlying electron dynamics remain unclear. Here we report a systematic study on several scandium EMFs and representative derivatives to examine the cage symmetry and substituent effects on their photoexcited electron dynamics using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Our attention is focused on the visible-light (530 nm as a demonstration) photoexcited electron dynamics, which is of broad interest to visible-light solar energy harvesting but is considered to be quite complicated as the visible-light photons would promote the system to a high-lying energy region where dense manifolds of electronic states locate. Our ultrafast spectroscopy study enables a full mapping of the photoinduced deactivation channels involved and reveals that the long-lived triplet exciton plays a decisive role in controlling the photoexcited electron dynamics under certain conditions. More importantly, it is found that the opening of the triplet channels is highly correlated to the fullerene cage symmetry as well as the electronic character of the substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- †Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiahua Hu
- §Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Peng Cui
- §Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Li Jiang
- †Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zongwei Chen
- §Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- §Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- †Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi Luo
- §Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,‡Department of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Rudolf M, Trukhina O, Perles J, Feng L, Akasaka T, Torres T, Guldi DM. Taming C 60 fullerene: tuning intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer process with subphthalocyanines. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4141-4147. [PMID: 29218179 PMCID: PMC5707453 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00223k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two subphthalocyanine-C60 conjugates have been prepared by means of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of (perfluoro) or hexa(pentylsulfonyl) electron deficient subphthalocyanines to C60. Comprehensive assays regarding the electronic features - in the ground and excited state - of the resulting conjugates revealed energy and electron transfer processes upon photoexcitation. Most important is the unambiguous evidence - in terms of time-resolved spectroscopy - of an ultrafast oxidative electron transfer evolving from C60 to the photoexcited subphthalocyanines. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of an intramolecular oxidation of C60 within electron donor-acceptor conjugates by means of only photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Olga Trukhina
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Autonoma University of Madrid , Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- IMDEA Nanoscience , Faraday 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Interdepartamental Research Service (SIDI) , Lab. of High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction of Monocrystals , Autonoma University of Madrid , Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Lai Feng
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance , University of Tsukuba , 305-8577 Tsukuba , Japan
- College of Physics , Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , 215006 Suzhou , China
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance , University of Tsukuba , 305-8577 Tsukuba , Japan
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science , 305-0821 Tsukuba , Japan
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Gakugei University , 184-8501 Koganei , Japan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 430074 Wuhan , China
| | - Tomas Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Autonoma University of Madrid , Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- IMDEA Nanoscience , Faraday 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
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21
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Hu Z, Hao Y, Slanina Z, Gu Z, Shi Z, Uhlík F, Zhao Y, Feng L. Popular C82 Fullerene Cage Encapsulating a Divalent Metal Ion Sm2+: Structure and Electrochemistry. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2103-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5021884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yajuan Hao
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zdeněk Slanina
- Life
Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Zhenggen Gu
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zujin Shi
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Filip Uhlík
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lai Feng
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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22
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Feng L, Rudolf M, Trukhina O, Slanina Z, Uhlik F, Lu X, Torres T, Guldi DM, Akasaka T. Tuning intramolecular electron and energy transfer processes in novel conjugates of La2@C80 and electron accepting subphthalocyanines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:330-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08072f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two conjugates with La2@C80 and subphthalocyanine (SubPc) have been prepared and characterized. The strong electron-donating character of La2@C80 is revealed by a series of photophysics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Feng
- College of Physics
- Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- 215006 Suzhou
- China
| | - Marc Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Olga Trukhina
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Autonoma University of Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- IMDEA Nanoscience
| | - Zdenek Slanina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- National Chung-Cheng University
- 62117 Chia-Yi
- Republic of China
| | - Filip Uhlik
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Charles University in Prague
- 12843 Praha 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Xing Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 430074 Wuhan
- China
| | - Tomas Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Autonoma University of Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- IMDEA Nanoscience
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance
- University of Tsukuba
- 305-8577 Tsukuba
- Japan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
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23
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Yamada M, Akasaka T. Emergence of Highly Elaborated π-Space and Extending Its Functionality Based on Nanocarbons: New Vistas in the Fullerene World. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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24
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Liu B, Fang H, Li X, Cai W, Bao L, Rudolf M, Plass F, Fan L, Lu X, Guldi DM. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a Sc3N@C80-Corrole Electron Donor-Acceptor Conjugate. Chemistry 2014; 21:746-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Kirner S, Sekita M, Guldi DM. 25th anniversary article: 25 years of fullerene research in electron transfer chemistry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1482-1493. [PMID: 24532250 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The past 25 years have served as a test bed for exploring the chemistry and physics, in general, and the electron transfer chemistry, in particular, of low-dimensional carbon. Nevertheless, the new realm started with the advent of fullerenes, followed in chronological order by carbon nanotubes, and, more recently, by graphene. The major thrust of this Review article is to historically recap the versatility of fullerenes regarding the design, the synthesis, and the tests as an electroactive building block in photosynthetic reaction mimics, photovoltaics, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Kirner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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