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Scattolin T, Tonon G, Botter E, Guillet SG, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP. Gold(I)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Synthons in Organometallic Synthesis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301961. [PMID: 37463071 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The prominent role of gold-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes in numerous research areas such as homogeneous (photo)catalysis, medicinal chemistry and materials science has prompted organometallic chemists to design gold-based synthons that permit access to target complexes through simple synthetic steps under mild conditions. In this review, the main gold-NHC synthons employed in organometallic synthesis are discussed. Mechanistic aspects involved in their synthesis and reactivity as well as applications of gold-NHC synthons as efficient pre-catalysts, antitumor agents and/or photo-emissive materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Eleonora Botter
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Sebastien G Guillet
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Guan Y, Chang K, Sun Q, Xu X. Progress in Rare-Earth Metal-Based Lewis Pair Chemistry. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Reinholdt A, Kwon S, Jafari MG, Gau MR, Caroll PJ, Lawrence C, Gu J, Baik MH, Mindiola DJ. An Isolable Azide Adduct of Titanium(II) Follows Bifurcated Deazotation Pathways to an Imide. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:527-537. [PMID: 34963052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AdN3 (Ad = 1-adamantyl) reacts with the tetrahedral TiII complex [(TptBu,Me)TiCl] (TptBu,Me = hydrotris(3-tert-butyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate) to generate a mixture of an imide complex, [(TptBu,Me)TiCl(NAd)] (4), and an unusual and kinetically stable azide adduct of the group 4 metal, namely, [(TptBu,Me)TiCl(γ-N3Ad)] (3). In these conversions, the product distribution is determined by the relative concentration of reactants. In contrast, the azide adduct 3 forms selectively when a masked TiII complex (N2 or AdNC adduct) reacts with AdN3. Upon heating, 3 extrudes dinitrogen in a unimolecular process proceeding through a titanatriazete intermediate to form the imide complex 4, but the observed thermal stability of the azide adduct (t1/2 = 61 days at 25 °C) is at odds with the large fraction of imide complex formed directly in reactions between AdN3 and [(TptBu,Me)TiCl] at room temperature (∼50% imide with a 1:1 stoichiometry). A combination of theoretical and experimental studies identified an additional deazotation pathway, proceeding through a bimetallic complex bridged by a single azide ligand. The electronic origin of this deazotation mechanism lies in the ability of azide adduct 3 to serve as a π-backbonding metallaligand toward free [(TptBu,Me)TiCl]. These findings unveil a new class of azide-to-imide conversions for transition metals, highlighting that the mechanisms underlying this common synthetic methodology may be more complex than conventionally assumed, given the concentration dependence in the conversion of an azide into an imide complex. Lastly, we show how significantly different AdN3 reacts when treated with [(TptBu,Me)VCl].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Reinholdt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Seongyeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mehrafshan G Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Caroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chad Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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4
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Mercury(II) Complexes of Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Steric Effects of the Backbone Substituent. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163741. [PMID: 32824333 PMCID: PMC7464600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury(II) complexes (Me-maloNHCDipp)HgCl (1b), (t-Bu-maloNHCDipp)HgCl (2b) and (t-Bu-maloNHCDipp)HgMe (2c) supported by anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes have been obtained in good yields from the reaction of the potassium salt of N-heterocyclic carbene ligand precursors and mercury(II) salts, HgCl2 and MeHgI. These molecules have been characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. X-ray crystal structures of 1b and 2b are also presented. Interestingly, complex 1b is polymeric {(Me-maloNHCDipp)HgCl}n in the solid state, as a result of inter-molecular Hg-O contacts, and features rare three coordinate mercury sites with a T-shaped arrangement, whereas the (t-Bu-maloNHCDipp)HgCl (2b) is monomeric and has a linear, two-coordinate mercury center. The formation of T-shaped structure and the aggregation of complex 1b is attributable to the reduced steric demand of the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand backbone substituent.
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5
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Syntheses and Reactivity of New Zwitterionic Imidazolium Trihydridoborate and Triphenylborate Species. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143184. [PMID: 32668604 PMCID: PMC7397317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, four new N-(alkyl/aryl)imidazolium-borates were prepared, and their deprotonation reactions were investigated. Addition of BH3•THF to N-benzylimidazoles and N-mesitylimidazoles leads to imidazolium-trihydridoborate adducts. Ammonium tetraphenylborate reacts with benzyl- or mesityl-imidazoles with the loss of one of the phenyl groups yielding the corresponding imidazolium-triphenylborates. Their authenticity was confirmed by CHN analysis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 11B-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). 3-Benzyl-imidazolium-1-yl)trihydridoborate, (HImBn)BH3, and (3-mesityl-imidazolium-1-yl)trihydridoborate, (HImMes)BH3, were also characterized by X-ray crystallography. The reactivity of these new compounds as carbene precursors in an effort to obtain borate-NHC complexes was investigated and a new carbene-borate adduct (which dimerizes) was obtained via a microwave-assisted procedure.
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Baek Y, Das A, Zheng SL, Reibenspies JH, Powers DC, Betley TA. C-H Amination Mediated by Cobalt Organoazide Adducts and the Corresponding Cobalt Nitrenoid Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11232-11243. [PMID: 32456423 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of (ArL)CoBr (ArL = 5-mesityl-1,9-(2,4,6-Ph3C6H2)dipyrrin) with a stoichiometric amount of 1-azido-4-(tert-butyl)benzene N3(C6H4-p-tBu) furnished the corresponding four-coordinate organoazide-bound complex (ArL)CoBr(N3(C6H4-p-tBu)). Spectroscopic and structural characterization of the complex indicated redox innocent ligation of the organoazide. Slow expulsion of dinitrogen (N2) was observed at room temperature to afford a ligand functionalized product via a [3 + 2] annulation, which can be mediated by a high-valent nitrene intermediate such as a CoIII iminyl (ArL)CoBr(•N(C6H4-p-tBu)) or CoIV imido (ArL)CoBr(N(C6H4-p-tBu)) complex. The presence of the proposed intermediate and its viability as a nitrene group transfer reagent are supported by intermolecular C-H amination and aziridination reactivities. Unlike (ArL)CoBr(N3(C6H4-p-tBu)), a series of alkyl azide-bound CoII analogues expel N2 only above 60 °C, affording paramagnetic intermediates that convert to the corresponding Co-imine complexes via α-H-atom abstraction. The corresponding N2-released structures were observed via single-crystal-to-crystal transformation, suggesting formation of a Co-nitrenoid intermediate in solid-state. Alternatively, the alkyl azide-bound congeners supported by a more sterically accessible dipyrrinato scaffold tBuL (tBuL = 5-mesityl-(1,9-di-tert-butyl)dipyrrin) facilitate intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition as well as C-H amination to furnish 1,2,3-dihydrotriazole and substituted pyrrolidine products, respectively. For the C-H amination, we observe that the temperature required for azide activation varies depending on the presence of weak C-H bonds, suggesting that the alkyl azide adducts serve as viable species for C-H amination when the C-H bonds are (1) proximal to the azide moiety and (2) sufficiently weak to be activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Joseph H Reibenspies
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Kejian Chang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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9
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Dash C, Wang G, Muñoz-Castro A, Ponduru TT, Zacharias AO, Yousufuddin M, Dias HVR. Organic Azide and Auxiliary-Ligand-Free Complexes of Coinage Metals Supported by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2188-2199. [PMID: 31851494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic azide complexes of copper(I) and silver(I), [(SIPr)CuN(1-Ad)NN][SbF6], [(SIPr)CuN(2-Ad)NN][SbF6], [(SIPr)CuN(Cy)NN][SbF6], and [(SIPr)AgN(1-Ad)NN][SbF6] have been synthesized by using Ag[SbF6] and the corresponding organic azides with (SIPr)CuBr and (SIPr)AgCl (SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene). The copper and silver organic azide complexes were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallography. Group trends of isoleptic Cu(I), Ag(I), and Au(I) organic azide complexes are presented on the basis of experimental data and a detailed computational study. The νasym(N3) values of the metal-bound 1-AdNNN in [(SIPr)MN(1-Ad)NN]+ follow the order Ag < Cu < Au. DFT calculations show that gold(I) forms the strongest bond with 1-AdNNN in this series, while silver has the weakest interaction. Furthermore, auxiliary ligand free coinage metal N-heterocyclic carbene complexes, [(SIPr)M][SbF6], have been synthesized via metathesis reactions of (SIPr)MCl (M = Cu, Ag, Au) with Ag[SbF6]. X-ray crystal structures of dinuclear [(SIPr)Ag]2[SbF6]2 and [(SIPr)Au]2[SbF6]2 are also reported. They show close metallophilic contacts. [(SIPr)Au]2[SbF6]2 reacts with OEt2, SMe2, and CNtBu to afford [(SIPr)Au(OEt2)][SbF6], [(SIPr)Au(SMe2)][SbF6], and [(SIPr)Au(CNtBu)][SbF6] adducts, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanta Dash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Guocang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingenieria , Universidad Autonoma de Chile , El Llano Subercaseaux 2801 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Tharun T Ponduru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Adway O Zacharias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - H V Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
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Uhl W, Martinewski K, Bruchhage JS, Hepp A, Layh M, Dielmann F, Mehlmann P. Cooperative activation of azides by an Al/N-based active Lewis pair – unexpected insertion of nitrogen atoms into C–Si bonds and formation of AlCN3 heterocycles. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2019-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The active Lewis pairs (ALPs) 2,6-Me2H8C5N–C(H) = C(SiMe3)–AlR2 (1a: R =
t
Bu, 1b, R =
i
Bu) have strained AlC2N heterocycles and relatively weak Al–N bonds. They react readily with a series of organic azides R′N3 [R′ = Ph, CH2C6H4(4-
t
Bu),
t
Bu, SiMe3, CH2Ph] by cleavage of the heterocycles and addition of the azides with their α-N atoms to the Al atom. The Al–N interactions result in an activation of the azide groups which insert into the C–Si bonds of the vinyl groups with their terminal γ-N atoms. Compounds with approximately planar five-membered AlCN3 heterocycles and intact N3 groups are formed in highly selective reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Katja Martinewski
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Julia Silissa Bruchhage
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Paul Mehlmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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Boom DHA, Jupp AR, Nieger M, Ehlers AW, Slootweg JC. New Insights in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry with Azides. Chemistry 2019; 25:13299-13308. [PMID: 31497899 PMCID: PMC6851766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The geminal frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) tBu2 PCH2 BPh2 (1) reacts with phenyl-, mesityl-, and tert-butyl azide affording, respectively, six, five, and four-membered rings as isolable products. DFT calculations revealed that the formation of all products proceeds via the six-membered ring structure, which is thermally stable with an N-phenyl group, but rearranges when sterically more encumbered Mes-N3 and tBu-N3 are used. The reaction of 1 with Me3 Si-N3 is believed to follow the same course, yet subsequent N2 elimination occurs to afford a four-membered heterocycle (5), which can be considered as a formal FLP-trimethylsilylnitrene adduct. Compound 5 reacts with hydrochloric acid or tetramethylammonium fluoride and showed frustrated Lewis pair reactivity towards phenylisocyanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin H. A. Boom
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andrew R. Jupp
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Science FacultyUniversity of JohannesburgPO Box 254Auckland Park, JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Carlson AS, Topczewski JJ. Allylic azides: synthesis, reactivity, and the Winstein rearrangement. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4406-4429. [PMID: 30969292 PMCID: PMC6530792 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic azides are useful synthetic intermediates, which demonstrate broad reactivity. Unlike most organic azides, allylic azides can spontaneously rearrange to form a mixture of isomers. This rearrangement has been named the Winstein rearrangement. Using allylic azides can result in low yields and azide racemization in some synthetic contexts due to the Winstein rearrangement. Effort has been made to understand the mechanism of the Winstein rearrangement and to take advantage of this process. Several guiding principles can be used to identify which azides will produce a mixture of isomers and which will resist rearrangement. Selective reaction conditions can be used to differentiate the azide isomers in a dynamic manner. This review covers all aspects of allylic azides including their synthesis, their reactivity, the mechanism of the Winstein rearrangement, and reactions that can selectively elaborate an azide isomer. This review covers the literature from Winstein's initial report to early 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Abstract
The first detailed description of the catalytic racemization of activated benzylic and allylic azides under mild conditions is reported. A kinetic analysis of the observed racemization indicates a first-order dependence on azide, a first-order dependence on catalyst, and that the rate of racemization correlates to σ+. A variety of azides with varying substitution patterns undergo facile racemization, and catalyst selection can tune this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Ott
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Joseph J Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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14
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Grant LN, Carroll ME, Carroll PJ, Mindiola DJ. An Unusual Cobalt Azide Adduct That Produces a Nitrene Species for Carbon–Hydrogen Insertion Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7997-8002. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Maria E. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Stavropoulos P. Metal-Catalyzed and Metal-Free Intermolecular Amination of Light Alkanes and Benzenes. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2016; 37:1-57. [PMID: 28855744 DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2016.1183487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pericles Stavropoulos
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, 400 W11th St., Rolla, MO 65409
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16
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Das A, Hua Y, Yousufuddin M, Cundari TR, Jeon J, Dias HVR. Gold‐Mediated Isomerization of Cyclooctyne to Ring Fused Olefinic Bicycles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Das
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA, http://https://www.uta.edu/chemistry/faculty/directory/Dias.php
| | - Yuanda Hua
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA, http://https://www.uta.edu/chemistry/faculty/directory/Dias.php
| | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA, http://https://www.uta.edu/chemistry/faculty/directory/Dias.php
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Junha Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA, http://https://www.uta.edu/chemistry/faculty/directory/Dias.php
| | - H. V. Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA, http://https://www.uta.edu/chemistry/faculty/directory/Dias.php
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Gómez-Suárez A, Oonishi Y, Martin AR, Nolan SP. Scope and limitations of the dual-gold-catalysed hydrophenoxylation of alkynes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:172-8. [PMID: 26977176 PMCID: PMC4778530 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the synthetic advantages presented by the dual-gold-catalysed hydrophenoxylation of alkynes, a thorough study of this reaction was carried out in order to fully define the scope and limitations of the methodology. The protocol tolerates a wide range of functional groups, such as nitriles, ketones, esters, aldehydes, ketals, naphthyls, allyls or polyphenols, in a milder and more efficient manner than the previously reported methodologies. We have also identified that while we are able to use highly steric hindered phenols, small changes on the steric bulk of the alkynes have a dramatic effect on the reactivity. More importantly, we have observed that the use of substrates that facilitate the formation of diaurated species such as gem-diaurated or σ,π-digold–acetylide species, hinder the catalytic activity. Moreover, we have identified that the use of directing groups in unsymmetrical alkynes can help to achieve high regioselectivity in the hydrophenoxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Yoshihiro Oonishi
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Anthony R Martin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K; Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Universiteit Gent, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Adiraju VAK, Yousufuddin M, Rasika Dias HV. Copper(i), silver(i) and gold(i) complexes of N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphinidene. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4449-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03285c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
IMes·PPh serves as a good bridging ligand for group 11 metal ions affording molecules with diverse solid state structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata A. K. Adiraju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Texas at Arlington
- Arlington
- USA
| | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Texas at Arlington
- Arlington
- USA
| | - H. V. Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Texas at Arlington
- Arlington
- USA
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19
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Bagchi V, Paraskevopoulou P, Das P, Chi L, Wang Q, Choudhury A, Mathieson JS, Cronin L, Pardue DB, Cundari TR, Mitrikas G, Sanakis Y, Stavropoulos P. A Versatile Tripodal Cu(I) Reagent for C–N Bond Construction via Nitrene-Transfer Chemistry: Catalytic Perspectives and Mechanistic Insights on C–H Aminations/Amidinations and Olefin Aziridinations. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11362-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503869j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Bagchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Patrina Paraskevopoulou
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Purak Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Lingyu Chi
- Department
of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Qiuwen Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Amitava Choudhury
- Department
of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Mathieson
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Leroy Cronin
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Daniel B. Pardue
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - George Mitrikas
- Institute
of Advanced Materials, Physicochemical Processes, Nanotechnology and
Microsystems, NCSR “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi 15310, Athens, Greece
| | - Yiannis Sanakis
- Institute
of Advanced Materials, Physicochemical Processes, Nanotechnology and
Microsystems, NCSR “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi 15310, Athens, Greece
| | - Pericles Stavropoulos
- Department
of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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