1
|
Han GR, Kwon O, Kim S, Choi J, Son JB, Min KS, Lee JW, Choi B, Kim SK. Investigation of the Relationship between Quantum Yield, Charge-Transfer State, and Structure of the Ligands in Red-Emitting Heteroleptic Iridium(III) Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:6124-6131. [PMID: 39042856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Iridium(III) organometallic complexes have been a key component in commercialization of organic light-emitting diodes, but the direct relationship between their structural features and photophysical properties has not yet been fully established. Here, combined experimental and theoretical studies are carried out to elucidate the main factors governing the quantum efficiency of red phosphorescent emitters by using two heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes with high geometrical similarity. It is found that two red-emitting heteroleptic iridium complexes differing only in the steric direction of phenylquinoline (pq) and phenylisoquinoline (piq) ligands, annotated Red-pq and Red-piq, show clearly different degrees of distortion of the ligand geometry in the excited state, which leads to the higher quantum yield of Red-piq than that of Red-pq. This larger distortion of the piq ligand causes more suppressed nonradiative decay of Red-piq than that of Red-pq which is the important factor governing the higher quantum yield of Red-piq.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gi Rim Han
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Samsung-ro 130, Youngtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Samsung-ro 130, Youngtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Choi
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Samsung-ro 130, Youngtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bae Son
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Suk Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Seoul, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungki Choi
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Samsung-ro 130, Youngtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xia BH, Ma YS, Bai FQ. Density Functional Calculation and Evaluation of the Spectroscopic Properties and Luminescent Material Application Potential of the N-Heterocyclic Platinum(II) Tetracarbene Complexes. Molecules 2024; 29:524. [PMID: 38276602 PMCID: PMC10820303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of reported Pt(II) carbene complexes possibly have the ability to serve as the new generation of blue emitters in luminescent devices because of their narrow emission spectra, high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), and rigid molecular skeleton. However, the combination of all carbene ligands with different multidentate structures will affect the overall planarity and horizontal dipole ratio to varying degrees, but the specific extent of this effect has not previously been analyzed in detail. In this work, density functional computation is used to study a class of platinum tetracarbene bidentate complexes with similar absorption and emission band characteristics, which is the main reason for the remarkable difference in quantum efficiency due to subtle differences in electronic states caused by different ligands. From the calculation results, the major reason, which results in significantly decrease in quantum efficiency for [Pt(cyim)2]2+, is that [Pt(cyim)2]2+ can reach the non-radiative deactivation metal-centered d-d excited state through an easier pathway compared with [Pt(meim)2]2+. The result, based on changes in the dihedral angle between ligands, can achieve the goal of improving and designing materials by adjusting the degree of the dihedral angle. (meim: bis(1,1'-dimethyl-3,3'-methylene-diimidazoline-2,2'-diylidene); cyim: bis(1,1'-dicyclohexyl-3,3'-methylene-diimidazoline-2,2'-diylidene).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hui Xia
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Yin-Si Ma
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jordan R, Maisuls I, Nair SS, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Strassert CA, Klein A. Enhanced luminescence properties through heavy ancillary ligands in [Pt(C^N^C)(L)] complexes, L = AsPh 3 and SbPh 3. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 38013458 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03225f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In the frame of our research aiming to develop efficient triplet-emitting materials, we are exploring the concept of introducing additional heavy atoms into cyclometalated transition metal complexes to enhance intersystem-crossing (ISC) and thus triplet emission through increased spin-orbit coupling (SOC). In an in-depth proof-of-principle study we investigated the double cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes [Pt(C^N^C)(PnPh3)] (HC^N^CH = 2,6-diphenyl-pyridine (H2dpp) or dibenzoacridine (H2dba); Pn = pnictogen atoms P, As, Sb, or Bi) through a combined experimental and theoretical approach. The derivatives containing Pn = P, As, and Sb were synthesised and characterised comprehensively using single crystal X-ray diffraction (scXRD), UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Across the series P < As < Sb, a red-shift is observed concerning absorption and emission maxima as well as optical and electrochemical HOMO-LUMO gaps. Increased photoluminescence quantum yields ΦL and radiative rates kr from mixed metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT)/ligand centred (LC) triplet states are observed for the heavier homologues. Transient absorption spectroscopy showed processes in the ps range that were assigned to the population of the T1 state by ISC. The heavy PnPh3 ancillary ligands are found to enhance the emission efficiency due to both higher Pt-Pn bond strength and stronger SOC related to increased MLCT character of the excited states. The experimental findings are mirrored in hybrid (TD-)DFT calculations. This allowed for extrapolation to the rather elusive Bi derivatives, which were synthetically not accessible. This shortcoming is attributed to the transmetalation of phenyl groups from BiPh3 to Pt, as supported by experimental NMR/MS as well as DFT studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rose Jordan
- University of Cologne, Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstrasse 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany.
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMIC, CeNTech, Heisenbergstraße 11, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Shruthi S Nair
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technologies Jena (IPHT), Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technologies Jena (IPHT), Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMIC, CeNTech, Heisenbergstraße 11, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Axel Klein
- University of Cologne, Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstrasse 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Z, Wing-Wah Yam V. Encoding Hole-Particle Information in the Multi-Channel MolOrbImage for Machine-Learned Excited-State Energies of Large Photofunctional Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24098-24107. [PMID: 37874942 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel class of one-electron multi-channel molecular orbital images (MolOrbImages) designed for the prediction of excited-state energetics in conjunction with the state-of-the-art VGG-type machine-learning architecture. By representing hole and particle states in the excitation process as channels of MolOrbImages, the revised VGG model achieves excellent prediction accuracy for both low-lying singlet and triplet states, with mean absolute errors (MAEs) of <0.08 and <0.1 eV for QM9 molecules and large photofunctional materials with up to 560 atoms, respectively. Remarkably, the model demonstrates exceptional performance (MAE < 1 kcal/mol) for the T1 state of QM9 molecules, making it a non-system-specific model that approaches chemical accuracy. The general rules attained, for instance, the improved performance with well-defined MO energies and the reduced overfitting concern via the inclusion of physically insightful hole-particle information, provide invaluable guidelines for the further design of orbital-based descriptors targeting molecular excited states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyong Chen
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song C, An L, Wang Q, Zhang H, Li G. Unraveling the Marked Differences of the Excited-State Properties of Arylgold(III) Complexes with C ∧N ∧C Tridentate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15382-15391. [PMID: 37700580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Three structurally similar gold(III) complexes with C∧N∧C tridentate ligands, [1; C∧N∧C = 2,6-diphenylpyridine], [2; C∧N∧C = 2,6-diphenylpyrazine], and [3; C∧N∧C = 2,6-diphenyltriazine], have been investigated theoretically to rationalize the marked difference in emission behaviors. The geometrical and electronic structures, spectra properties, radiative and nonradiative decay processes, as well as reverse intersystem crossing and reverse internal conversion (RIC) processes were thoroughly analyzed using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. The computed results indicate that there is a small energy difference Δ E T 1 - T 1 ' between the lowest-energy triplet state (T1) and the second lowest-energy triplet state (T1') of complexes 2 and 3, suggesting that the excitons in the T1 state can reach the emissive higher-energy T1' through the RIC process. In addition, the non-emissive T1 states of gold(III) complexes in solution can be ascribed to the easily accessible metal-centered (3MC) state or possibly tunneling into high-energy vibrationally excited singlet states for nonradiative decay. The low efficiency of 3 is attributed to the deactivation pathway via the 3MC state. The present study elucidates the relationship between structure and property of gold(III) complexes featuring C∧N∧C ligands and providing a comprehensive understanding of the significant differences in their luminescence behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongping Song
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Lin An
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Qinggao Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nguyen Van Ha, Dat DT, Huy NH. Oxygenation Induced Electronic Structure Changes in Anionic Platinum(II) Complex Bearing 2-Phenylpyridine and Benzene-1,2-dithiolate Ligands: Theoretical Study. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622601544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
7
|
Popov S, Plenio H. Ligand Exchange Triggered Photosensitizers – Bodipy‐Tagged NHC‐Metal Complexes for Conversion of
3
O
2
to
1
O
2. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Popov
- Organometallic Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McCarthy JS, McCormick MJ, Zimmerman JH, Hambrick HR, Thomas WM, McMillen CD, Wagenknecht PS. Role of the Trifluoropropynyl Ligand in Blue-Shifting Charge-Transfer States in Emissive Pt Diimine Complexes and an Investigation into the PMMA-Imposed Rigidoluminescence and Rigidochromism. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11366-11376. [PMID: 35820113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Square-planar PtII complexes are of interest as dopants for the emissive layer of organic light-emitting diodes. Herein, the photophysics of three Pt bipyridyl complexes with the strongly e- withdrawing, high-field, 3,3,3-trifluoropropynyl ligand has been investigated. One complex, (phbpy)PtC2CF3 (phbpy = 6-phenyl-2,2'-dipyridyl), has also been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All complexes reported are emissive in both RT CH2Cl2 solution (ΦPL = 0.007 to 0.027) and PMMA film (ΦPL = 0.25 to 0.42). The trifluoropropynyl ligand elevates the energy of the MLCT and LL'CT states above that of the IL π-π* state, resulting in IL emission in all cases. The emission energies of the trifluoropropynyl compounds are also blue-shifted relative to the analogous pentafluorophenylethynyl compounds, suggesting that the trifluoropropynyl ligand is one of the most electron-withdrawing alkynyl ligands. Rate constants for radiative and nonradiative deactivation were determined from experimentally determined values of ΦPL and excited-state lifetimes in both solution and PMMA films. The increase in ΦPL upon incorporation into PMMA film (rigidoluminescence) results from a decrease in the rate constant for non-radiative relaxation. Experimental activation energies for excited-state decay in combination with TDDFT are consistent with the rigidoluminescence resulting from an increase in the energy of the non-emissive triplet metal-centered state. Two of the complexes investigated, (Ph2bpy)Pt(C2CF3)2 and (t-Bu2bpy)Pt(C2CF3)2, where t-Bu2bpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-dipyridyl and Ph2bpy = 4,4'-diphenyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, exhibit concentration-dependent excimer emission (orange) along with monomer emission (blue), enabling fine-tuning of the emission color. However, excimer emission was absent in cured PMMA films up to the solubility limit for solution processing of (Ph2bpy)Pt(C2CF3)2 in CH2Cl2, demonstrating the diffusional nature of excimer formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson S McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Mary Jo McCormick
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - John H Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - H Rhodes Hambrick
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Wilson M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Colin D McMillen
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Paul S Wagenknecht
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo Y, Guo Y, Shou X, Chen Z, Xu Z, Tang D. Investigate the Relationship between Structure and Triplet Potential Energy Surface to Control the Phosphorescence Quantum Yield of Platinum(II) Complex: A Theoretical Investigation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9162-9172. [PMID: 35666779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triplet potential energy surfaces are extremely important for phosphors because they are closely related to radiative and nonradiative decay processes. In this article, the correlations between the strctures and the triplet potential energy surfaces for Pt(II) complexes are investigated in detail with the help of density functional theory (DFT). The calculated results indicate that triplet hypersurface minima with different configurations, i.e., planar and bent, rely on the geometries of the platinum(II) complex. A bent configuration could cause an obvious decrease in the phosphorescence quantum yield, and an unusual low-lying triplet excited-state decay route is proposed. In addition, the extension of π-conjugation and addition of suitable substituents, for example arylboron, are promising strategies for changing the triplet hypersurface to achieve the minimum with a planar configuration, leading to a high phosphorescence quantum yield. Moreover, to predict the triplet hypersurface, a useful and simple strategy has been put forward. In our study, the relationship between the structure and the lowest-lying triplet potential energy surface of a Pt(II) complex is constructed, which is significant and meaningful for controlling the phosphorescence quantum yield to design high-performance phosphorescent materials used in the field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Luo
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Yu Guo
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Xuecen Shou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Zhongzhu Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Dianyong Tang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li H, Huang L, Huang Z, Zhang L, Tang Y, Wang X, He Y, Liu Z. Improving the chemical stability of blue heteroleptic iridium emitter FIrpic in the lowest triplet state through ancillary ligand modification: a theoretical perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9543-9550. [PMID: 35389412 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00185c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of providing a deeper understanding of the underlying degradation mechanisms associated with the lifetime of blue emitters during the decay process of blue PhOLEDs, quantum chemistry studies were performed to examine the chemical degradation mechanism of common sky blue emitter iridium(III)bis(4,6-di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2')picolinate (FIrpic) and its derivatives with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For these Ir(III) emitters, the Ir-N1 bond between the ancillary ligand (picolinate) and central iridium will be broken by external light stimuli, which is followed by conversion from the initial emissive metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) state to the non-emissive metal centered (3MC) state. The potential energy change for the photo-induced degradation path is then dominated by the energy levels of the 3MT and 3MC states, which are related to the triplet transition energy and the Ir-N1 bond strength, respectively. Thereby, the Ir-N1 bond dissociation in the lowest triplet state will be much harder to proceed if the S0 → T1 transition energy gets more energetically stable or the bond strength gets larger. It is believed that strategic modification of the ancillary ligand, especially by substitution of electron-donating groups at the para position of the pyridyl N atom or extension of the p-electron delocalization, is an effective and easy way to enhance the photochemical stability of the typical blue emitter FIrpic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| | - Luyan Huang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| | - Zehua Huang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Tang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| | - Yan He
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| | - Zhiming Liu
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Peng Q, Shuai Z. A computational scheme for evaluating the phosphorescence quantum efficiency: applied to blue-emitting tetradentate Pt(II) complexes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:334-341. [PMID: 34842258 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00552a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) are leading candidates for displays or lighting technologies. Recently, blue phosphorescent tetradentate Pt(II) complexes have been attracting extensive attention due to their high phosphorescence quantum efficiency and numerous chemical structures on account of flexible ligand frames and modifications. Using quantum chemistry coupled with our thermal vibration correlation function (TVCF) formalism, we investigated the triplet excited state energy surface and the decay processes involving both direct vibrational relaxation and minimum energy crossing point (MECP) via the transition state (3TS) to the ground state (S0) for 16 recently experimentally reported blue-emitting tetradentate Pt(II) emitters containing fused 5/6/6 metallocycles. We found that (i) in most cases, the direct vibrational relaxation deactivations dominated the triplet non-radiative decay because either the 3TS is too high or the MECP is not reachable. Hence, results from the TVCF formalism agreed well with the experiments for the phosphorescence quantum efficiency; (ii) only when both 3TS and MECP are low, for instance, for PtON1-oMe, deactivations via MECP dominated the triplet non-radiative decay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The structure and spectroscopic properties of the metallophilic Pt/Pd complexes based on pyridine/pyrazol ligands: A computational investigation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
13
|
Inoue R, Naota T, Ehara M. Origin of the Aggregation-Induced Phosphorescence of Platinum(II) Complexes: The Role of Metal-Metal Interactions on Emission Decay in the Crystalline State. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3129-3140. [PMID: 34476913 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Discerning the origins of the phosphorescent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) from Pt(II) complexes is crucial for developing the broader range of photo-functional materials. Over the past few decades, several mechanisms of phosphorescent AIE have been proposed, however, not have been directly elucidated. Herein, we describe phosphorescence and deactivation processes of four class of AIE active Pt(II) complexes in the crystalline state based on experimental and theoretical investigation. These complexes show metal-to-ligand and/or metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer emission in crystalline state with different heat resistance against thermal emission quenching. The calculated energy profiles including the minimum energy crossing point between S0 and T1 states were consistent with the heat resistant properties, which provided the mechanism for AIE expression. Furthermore, we have clarified the role of metal-metal interaction in AIE by comparing two computational models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Institute for Molecular Science and Research Center for Computational Science, Nishigo-naka 38, Myodai-ji, 444-8585, Okazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kretz B, Egger DA. Accurate Molecular Geometries in Complex Excited-State Potential Energy Surfaces from Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:357-366. [PMID: 33284603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The interplay of electronic excitations and structural changes in molecules impacts nonradiative decay and charge transfer in the excited state, thus influencing excited-state lifetimes and photocatalytic reaction rates in optoelectronic and energy devices. To capture such effects requires computational methods providing an accurate description of excited-state potential energy surfaces and geometries. We suggest time-dependent density functional theory using optimally tuned range-separated hybrid (OT-RSH) functionals as an accurate approach to obtain excited-state molecular geometries. We show that OT-RSH provides accurate molecular geometries in excited-state potential energy surfaces that are complex and involve an interplay of local and charge-transfer excitations, for which conventional semilocal and hybrid functionals fail. At the same time, the nonempirical OT-RSH approach maintains the high accuracy of parametrized functionals (e.g., B3LYP) for predicting excited-state geometries of small organic molecules showing valence excited states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kretz
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David A Egger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Puttock EV, Sturala J, Kistemaker JCM, Williams JAG. Platinum(II) Complexes of Tridentate ‐Coordinating Ligands Based on Imides, Amides, and Hydrazides: Synthesis and Luminescence Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma V. Puttock
- Department of Chemistry Durham University DH1 3LE, U.K. Durham
| | - Jiri Sturala
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jos C. M. Kistemaker
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland 4072 Queensland Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Soellner J, Pinter P, Stipurin S, Strassner T. Platin(II)‐Komplexe mit Bis(pyrazolyl)boratliganden: Gesteigerte molekulare Rigidität bei zweizähnigen Ligandsystemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Soellner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Piermaria Pinter
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Soellner J, Pinter P, Stipurin S, Strassner T. Platinum(II) Complexes with Bis(pyrazolyl)borate Ligands: Increased Molecular Rigidity for Bidentate Ligand Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:3556-3560. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Soellner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Piermaria Pinter
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mai S, González L. Molecular Photochemistry: Recent Developments in Theory. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16832-16846. [PMID: 32052547 PMCID: PMC7540682 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photochemistry is a fascinating branch of chemistry that is concerned with molecules and light. However, the importance of simulating light-induced processes is reflected also in fields as diverse as biology, material science, and medicine. This Minireview highlights recent progress achieved in theoretical chemistry to calculate electronically excited states of molecules and simulate their photoinduced dynamics, with the aim of reaching experimental accuracy. We focus on emergent methods and give selected examples that illustrate the progress in recent years towards predicting complex electronic structures with strong correlation, calculations on large molecules, describing multichromophoric systems, and simulating non-adiabatic molecular dynamics over long time scales, for molecules in the gas phase or in complex biological environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Photonics InstituteVienna University of TechnologyGusshausstrasse 27–291040ViennaAustria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Strasse 171090ViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qiu Y, Feng Y, Zhao Q, Wang H, Guo Y, Qiu D. White light emission from a green cyclometalated platinum(ii) terpyridylphenylacetylide upon titration with Zn(ii) and Eu(iii ). Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11163-11169. [PMID: 32747881 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cyclometalated Pt(ii) acetylide derivative with a 1,3-bis(N-octyl-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (N^C^N) ligand and a free terpyridine (TPY) receptor has been successfully synthesized and characterized. X-ray crystallography shows its inefficient conjugation degree between the [(N^C^N)Pt] and TPY planes. This bifunctional complex shows an enhanced 1MLCT/LLCT absorption band (ε = 3.30 × 104 dm3 mol-1 cm-1) centered at λmax = 365 nm, and the well-resolved vibronic-structured 3MLCT/LLCT emission bands (Φ = 0.08, τ = 3.43 μs) in the range of ca. 475-700 nm. Consecutive titrations show that added Zn2+ and Eu(HFA)3 bond to its free TPY receptor with 1 : 2 and 1 : 1 stoichiometry to form the heterotrinuclear Pt-Zn-Pt (Ka = 3.48 × 104 mol-1 dm3) and heterodinuclear Pt-Eu (Ka = 1.73 × 104 mol-1 dm3) complexes, respectively. A sensitizing effect of Zn2+ on the TPY unit, and the incomplete d → f energy transfer from the [(N^C^N)Pt(ii)] antenna donor to the Eu(iii) center with maximum efficiency of 51.8% are observed. Using an in situ mixed titration strategy, the R/G/B emission triads consisted of red [(TPY)Eu(HFA)3] and green [(N^C^N)Pt(ii)] dual phosphorescence and blue [(TPY)Zn(TPY)] fluorescence, which can be well balanced to realize the white-light-emission with CIE coordinates (x = 0.36, y = 0.36) by precisely controlling the molar ratio (9 : 1 : 2) of the parent complexes, Eu(HFA)3 and Zn(ClO4)2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yuquan Feng
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang City, Henan Province 473061, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang City, Henan Province 473061, P. R. China.
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang City, Henan Province 473061, P. R. China.
| | - Yingchen Guo
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang City, Henan Province 473061, P. R. China.
| | - Dongfang Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang City, Henan Province 473061, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shingade VM, Grove LJ, Connick WB. Luminescent Pt(2,6-bis(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine)X +: a comparison with the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of Pt(tpy)X + (X = Cl, CCPh, Ph, or CH 3). Dalton Trans 2020; 49:9651-9661. [PMID: 32627792 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01496f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of platinum(ii) pincer complexes of the formula Pt(mbzimpy)X+, 1(a-d), (mbzimpy = 2,6-bis(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine; X = Cl; (a), CCPh; (b), Ph; (c), or CH3; (d), CCPh = phenylacetylide, and Ph = Phenyl) have been synthesized and characterized. Electronic absorption and emission, as well as electrochemical properties of these compounds, have been investigated. Pt(tpy)X+ analogs (tpy = 2,2';6'2''-terpyridine), 2(a-d), have also been investigated and compared. Electrochemistry shows that 1 and 2 analogs undergo two chemically reversible one-electron reduction processes that are shifted cathodically along the a < b < c < d series. Notably, these reductions occur at slightly higher negative potentials in the case of 1. The absorption spectra of 1 and 2 in acetonitrile exhibit ligand-centered (1LC) transitions (ε ≈ 104 M-1 cm-1) in the UV region and metal-to-ligand-charge transfer (1MLCT) transitions (ε ≈ 103 M-1 cm-1) in the visible region. The corresponding visible bands of 1b and 2b have been assigned to 1(LLCT/MLCT) mixed state (LLCT: ligand-to-ligand-charge transfer). The preceding 1LC and 1MLCT transitions of 1 occur at lower energies than that of 2. These 1LC transitions have distinctly been blue-shifted along a < c < d in 2, but occur at nearly identical energies in 1. Conversely, 1MLCT transitions are red-shifted along a < c < d in both the analogs. The 77 K glassy solutions of 1 and 2 exhibit an intense vibronically-structured emission band at λmax(0-0) in the 470-560 nm range. This band is red-shifted along b < a ≤ c < d in 1 and along a ≤ d ≈ c ≪ b in 2. The main character of these emissions is assigned to 3LLCT emissive state in 1b and 2b, whereas to 3LC in the rest of the compounds. Relative stabilization of these spin-forbidden emissive states is discussed by invoking configuration mixing with the higher-lying 3MLCT state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas M Shingade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
| | - Levi J Grove
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
| | - William B Connick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mai S, González L. Molekulare Photochemie: Moderne Entwicklungen in der theoretischen Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institut für Photonik Technische Universität Wien Gußhausstraße 27–29 1040 Wien Österreich
| | - Leticia González
- Institut für theoretische Chemie Fakultät für Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 17 1090 Wien Österreich
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Song C, Li J, Wang Z, Chen Y, Zhao F, Li P, Zhang H. Towards deep‐blue phosphorescence: molecular design and property prediction of iridium complexes with pyridinylphosphinate ancillary ligand. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongping Song
- State key laboratory of supramolecular structure and materials, Institute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State key laboratory of supramolecular structure and materials, Institute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- State key laboratory of supramolecular structure and materials, Institute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Yanan Chen
- State key laboratory of supramolecular structure and materials, Institute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Fei Zhao
- State key laboratory of supramolecular structure and materials, Institute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Ping Li
- State key laboratory of supramolecular structure and materials, Institute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State key laboratory of supramolecular structure and materials, Institute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pinter P, Soellner J, Strassner T. Sky-Blue Triplet Emitters with Cyclometalated Imidazopyrazine-Based NHC-Ligands and Aromatic Bulky Acetylacetonates. Chemistry 2019; 25:14495-14499. [PMID: 31596521 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Platinum(II) complexes with an N-heterocyclic carbene and a cyclometalating phenyl ligand (C^C*) are excellent candidates as efficient blue triplet emitters for OLED applications. The electronic and photophysical properties of these complexes can be fine-tuned with the objective to increase the quantum yields and lower the phosphorescence decay times. We found that platinum complexes with an imidazopyrazine C^C* ligand and bulky acetylacetonates are sky-blue triplet emitters, characterised by an almost unitary quantum yield and short phosphorescence decay times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piermaria Pinter
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Soellner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao A, Cai W, Yan X, Zhang H, Wang J, Shen W. Theoretical insights into the effect of ligands on platinum(ii) complexes with a bidentate bis(o-carborane) ligand structure. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2421-2429. [PMID: 31369026 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00251k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carboranes feature a wealth of unique structures and properties in phosphorescent transition-metal complexes (PTMCs). Herein, we identify the influence between the electronic structure in carboranes and the main ligand based on the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), which affects the phosphorescence properties of carborane-containing Pt compounds. Furthermore, the mechanism, including singlet-triplet splitting energies ΔE(Sn - T1), transition dipole moment for S0 - Sn transitions, the zero-field splitting (ZFS), the radiative decay rate constant (kr), the Huang-Rhys factor (S), and the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) matrix elements <T1|HSOC|Sn> have been carefully investigated. The results presented here reveal the functional action 1,1'-bis(o-carborane) contributes to the emission process owing to the manipulation of main ligand dtb-bpy and complex 1a shows promising prospects for achieving highly efficient phosphorescence via engineering the conjugation of the main ligand dtb-bpy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ancong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pinter P, Strassner T. Prediction of emission wavelengths of phosphorescent NHC based emitters for OLEDs. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Yang B, Huang S, Luo S. A theoretical research on intersystem crossing, radiative and nonradiative rates of cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes. Theor Chem Acc 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-019-2466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
27
|
Heil A, Marian CM. Structure-Emission Property Relationships in Cyclometalated Pt(II) β-Diketonate Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6123-6136. [PMID: 31021083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Extending the ligand π-system of phosphorescent (C∧C*) or (C∧N) cyclometalated platinum(II) β-diketonate complexes can lead to large and seemingly abrupt variations of the photophysical properties such as triplet quantum yields and phosphorescence lifetimes. Quantum chemical studies using methods including elements from density functional theory (DFT) and multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) as well as spin-orbit coupling (SOC) provide a rationale for these observations. In the Franck-Condon region, the first excited singlet states (S1) of these complexes are characterized by mixed metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) and ligand-centered (LC) excitations. With increasing extension of the effective π-system, the lowest-lying triplet state yields more and more LC character, thus leading to a decrease of the phosphorescence rate constant. The ability to undergo efficient intersystem crossing from S1 to T1 is not diminished as the S1 state largely retains its character. In the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes investigated here, at least two triplet states are found energetically below the S1 state. Out-of-plane distortion enhances the probability for nonradiative decay of the triplet population. In the smaller compounds emitting in the violet or blue spectral region, the phosphorescent state is separated from the lowest-lying dark metal-centered (MC) triplet state by a small barrier only, explaining their experimentally observed low photoluminescence quantum yields in liquid solution. The semiempirical DFT/MRCI-R2018 Hamiltonian employed in our studies proves well-suited for investigating the absorption and emission properties of these platinum(II) complexes. Generally, good agreement is observed between our calculated data and the experimental findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Heil
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie , Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstr. 1 , D-40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Christel M Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie , Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstr. 1 , D-40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Huang J, Liu Z, Chen H, Zhang H, Zhang H, Liu C, Gao Q, Du C, Zhang B. Formation of Hetero-binuclear Pt(II)-M(II) Complexes Based on (2-(1 H-Tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)diphenylphosphine Oxide for Superior Phosphorescence of Monomers. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:4253-4261. [PMID: 30892024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel hetero-binuclear platinum complexes (HBC-Pt(II)-M(II), M = Ca(II), Mg(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II)) have been synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding precursors [Pt(ppy)(μ-Cl)]2 with (2-(1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide (TTPPO). The X-ray structures of the complexes show that two ancillary ligands TTPPO in the square-planar Pt(II) moiety act as a quadridentate chelating agent for the other metal center, eventually forming a distorted octahedral configuration. There are no significant π-π interactions and Pt-M metallophilic interactions in the crystal lattice, due to the steric hindrances associated with the rigid octahedral structure together with the bulky TTPPO. Consequently, HBC-Pt-M complexes show monomer emission characteristics with quantum yields up to 59% in powder, suggesting their great potential for practical applications. DFT and TD-DFT calculations on HBC-Pt-Zn reveal that the phosphorescence can be ascribed to intraligand charge transfer (3ILCT) combined with some metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) in the Pt(ppy) moiety, which is consistent with the observations from the photophysical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Hui Chen
- Institute of Chemistry , Henan Academy of Sciences , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Qin Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Chenxia Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pinter P, Strassner T. Prediction of the Efficiency of Phosphorescent Emitters: A Theoretical Analysis of Triplet States in Platinum Blue Emitters. Chemistry 2019; 25:4202-4205. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piermaria Pinter
- Department Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Professur für Physikalische Organische ChemieTechnische Universität Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Department Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Professur für Physikalische Organische ChemieTechnische Universität Dresden 01069 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Inoue R, Naito M, Ehara M, Naota T. Heat‐Resistant Properties in the Phosphorescence oftrans‐Bis[β‐(iminomethyl)aryloxy]platinum(II) Complexes: Effect of Aromaticity on d–π Conjugation Platforms. Chemistry 2019; 25:3650-3661. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Inoue
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masaya Naito
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) 38 Nishigo-naka, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Song C, Chen Y, Li J, Zhao F, Zhang H. Unraveling the marked differences of the phosphorescence efficiencies of blue-emitting iridium complexes with isomerized phenyltriazole ligands. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00844f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical insights into the marked quantum efficiencies of blue-emitting iridium complexes with isomerized ptz ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
| | - Yanan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
| | - Fei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Haque A, Xu L, Al-Balushi RA, Al-Suti MK, Ilmi R, Guo Z, Khan MS, Wong WY, Raithby PR. Cyclometallated tridentate platinum(ii) arylacetylide complexes: old wine in new bottles. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:5547-5563. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00620b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Platinum(ii) cyclometallated pincer complexes with an alkynyl ligand in the fourth coordination site display excellent luminescent properties. By manipulation of the pincer and the alkynyl ligand their luminescence can be fine-tuned for opto-electronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- University of Hail
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Linli Xu
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hung Hom
- P. R. China
| | - Rayya A. Al-Balushi
- Department of Basic Sciences
- College of Applied and Health Sciences
- A’Sharqiyah University
- Ibra 400
- Sultanate of Oman
| | | | - Rashid Ilmi
- Department of Chemistry
- Sultan Qaboos University
- Al-Khod 123
- Sultanate of Oman
| | - Zeling Guo
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hung Hom
- P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute
| | - Muhammad S. Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Sultan Qaboos University
- Al-Khod 123
- Sultanate of Oman
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hung Hom
- P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Song C, Tang J, Li J, Wang Z, Li P, Zhang H. Quantum-Chemical Insights into the Phosphorescence Efficiencies of Blue-Emitting Platinum Complexes with Phenylene-Bridged Pincer Ligands. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:12174-12186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang HX, Szilágyi IM, Bai FQ. Strategies on Cyclometalating Ligand Substitution of Several Ir(III) Complexes: Theoretical Investigation of Different Molecular Behaviors. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Imre Miklós Szilágyi
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technical Analytical Chemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szt. Gellért tér 4., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yan X, Li W, Zhang H, Cai W, Wang J, Shen W. DFT/TDDFT insight into the impact of ring size of the NHC chelating unit of high effective phosphorescent Platinum (II) complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wenqian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Huize Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wanlin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Elementary Education; Chongqing Normal University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fernández-Alvarez VM, Ho SKY, Britovsek GJP, Maseras F. A DFT-based mechanistic proposal for the light-driven insertion of dioxygen into Pt(ii)-C bonds. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5039-5046. [PMID: 29938033 PMCID: PMC5994795 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01161c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The photocatalyzed insertion of dioxygen into the Pt(ii)-methyl bond in terpyridine platinum complexes has been shown to proceed efficiently, but its mechanism remains a challenge. In particular, there are serious counter-intuitive differences in the reactivity of structurally similar complexes. M06 calculations in solvent with a valence double-ζ basis set supplemented by polarization and diffusion shells (benchmarked against ωB97x-D calculations with a larger basis set) are able to provide a satisfactory mechanistic answer. The proposed mechanism starts with the absorption of a photon by the metal complex, which then evolves into a triplet state that reacts with the triplet dioxygen fragment. A variety of possible reaction paths have been identified, some leading to the methylperoxo product and others reverting to the reactants, and the validity of some of these paths has been confirmed by additional experiments. The balance between the barriers towards productive and unproductive paths reproduces the diverging experimental behavior of similar complexes and provides a general mechanistic picture for these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Fernández-Alvarez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia , The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology , Avgda. Països Catalans, 16 , Tarragona 43007 , Catalonia , Spain . ; ; Tel: +34 977 920202
| | - Sarah K Y Ho
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, South Kensington , London SW7 2AY , UK
| | - George J P Britovsek
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, South Kensington , London SW7 2AY , UK
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia , The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology , Avgda. Països Catalans, 16 , Tarragona 43007 , Catalonia , Spain . ; ; Tel: +34 977 920202
- Departament de Química , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Catalonia , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Natoli SN, Hight LM, Zeller M, McMillin DR. Photophysical Properties of Pt(II) Polypyridines with Five- versus Six-Membered Chelate Rings: Trade-Offs in Angle Strain. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6521-6529. [PMID: 29749742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of eight [Pt(NNN)X]+ complexes where the tridentate NNN ligand is (2,2'-bipyrid-6-yl)(pyrid-2-yl)sulfide (btp) or methyl(2,2'-bipyrid-6-yl)(pyrid-2-yl)amine (bmap) and X is OMe, Cl, phenylethynyl (C2Ph), or cyclohexylethynyl (C2Cy). The expectation was that inserting a heteroatom into the backbone of 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (trpy) would expand the overall intraligand bite angle, introduce ILCT character into the excited states, and improve the photophysical properties. Crystal structures of [Pt(bmap)C2Ph]+ and [Pt(btp)Cl]+ reveal that atom insertion into the trpy backbone successfully expands the bite angle of the ligand by 8-10°. However, the impact on the photophysics is minimal. Indeed, of the eight systems investigated, only the [Pt(bmap)C2Ph]+ and [Pt(btp)C2Ph]+ complexes display appreciable emission in fluid solution, and they exhibit shorter emission lifetimes than [Pt(trpy)C2Ph]+. One reason is that the bond angle preferences of platinum and the inserted heteroatom induce the six-membered rings to deviate from planarity and adopt a boat-like conformation, impairing charge delocalization within the ligand. In addition, angle strain induces the donor atoms about platinum to assume a pseudotetrahedral arrangement, which offsets any benefit due to the increase in overall bite angle by promoting deactivation via d-d excited states. The results reveal that, in order to improve the luminescence of a [Pt(NNN)X]+ system, one must take care to avoid trading one kind of angle strain for another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean N Natoli
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Lauren M Hight
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - David R McMillin
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang Y, Bao P, Wang J, Jia R, Bai FQ, Zhang HX. Comprehensive Investigation into Luminescent Properties of Ir(III) Complexes: An Integrated Computational Study of Radiative and Nonradiative Decay Processes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6561-6570. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Jia
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Rani V, Singh HB, Butcher RJ. Protic and substituted NCN palladium(II) pincer complexes with 1,3-bis(benzimidazol-2′-yl)-2-bromobenzenes: Structure and catalysis. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
41
|
Li W, Yan X, Zhang H, He R, Li M, Shen W. Revealing the Unique Properties of Platinum(II) Complexes with Bidentate Bis(
o
‐carborane) Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Li
- Southwest University 400715 Chongqing China
| | - Xi Yan
- Southwest University 400715 Chongqing China
| | | | | | - Ming Li
- Southwest University 400715 Chongqing China
| | - Wei Shen
- Southwest University 400715 Chongqing China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang C, Otto S, Dorn M, Kreidt E, Lebon J, Sršan L, Di Martino-Fumo P, Gerhards M, Resch-Genger U, Seitz M, Heinze K. Deuterierter molekularer Rubin mit Rekord-Lumineszenzquantenausbeute. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Fachbereich Biophotonik; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM); Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sven Otto
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Graduiertenschule Materials Science in Mainz - MAINZ; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Matthias Dorn
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Kreidt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Jakob Lebon
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Laura Sršan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Patrick Di Martino-Fumo
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas; Universität Kaiserslautern; Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas; Universität Kaiserslautern; Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Fachbereich Biophotonik; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM); Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang C, Otto S, Dorn M, Kreidt E, Lebon J, Sršan L, Di Martino-Fumo P, Gerhards M, Resch-Genger U, Seitz M, Heinze K. Deuterated Molecular Ruby with Record Luminescence Quantum Yield. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1112-1116. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Division Biophotonics; Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM); Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11 12489 Berlin Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Sven Otto
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Dorn
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kreidt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Jakob Lebon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Laura Sršan
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Patrick Di Martino-Fumo
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas; University Kaiserslautern; Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas; University Kaiserslautern; Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics; Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM); Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang Y, Zhang ZX, Wang Y, Li H, Bai FQ, Zhang HX. The effect of the embedded o-carborane ligand on the photophysical properties of a cyclometalated Pt(ii) complex: a theoretical investigation. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qi00071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The embedded o-carborane ligands will have an impact on the photophysical properties and quantum efficiency of these highly efficient blue phosphorescent materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Schulze B, Friebe C, Jäger M, Görls H, Birckner E, Winter A, Schubert US. PtII Phosphors with Click-Derived 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Tridentate Chelates. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Schulze
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), ‡Center for Energy
and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), §Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical
Chemistry, and ∥Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - C. Friebe
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), ‡Center for Energy
and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), §Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical
Chemistry, and ∥Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M. Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), ‡Center for Energy
and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), §Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical
Chemistry, and ∥Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - H. Görls
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), ‡Center for Energy
and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), §Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical
Chemistry, and ∥Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - E. Birckner
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), ‡Center for Energy
and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), §Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical
Chemistry, and ∥Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A. Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), ‡Center for Energy
and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), §Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical
Chemistry, and ∥Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - U. S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), ‡Center for Energy
and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), §Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical
Chemistry, and ∥Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rani V, Singh HB, Butcher RJ. Cationic NCN Palladium(II) Pincer Complexes of 5-tert-Butyl-1,3-bis(N-substituted benzimidazol-2′-yl)benzenes: Synthesis, Structure, and Pd···Pd Metallophilic Interaction. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Rani
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Harkesh B. Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ray J. Butcher
- Department
of Chemistry, Howard University, 525 College Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20059, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Xu Y, Wang J, Zhang W, Li W, Shen W. Excited state intersystem crossing and the relaxation dynamics of phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes bearing bipyridine-based C^N ligand. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
48
|
Jiang X, Chen GH, Gu MQ, Wang Q, Wu D. Theoretical Study and Design of Phosphorescent Cyclometalated (C ∧C*)Pt II(acac) Complexes: The Substituent Effect Controls the Radiative and Nonradiative Decay Processes. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6231-6242. [PMID: 28763208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations were performed to evaluate the influence of substituent effect of (1) R = 4-Me, (2) R = 4-OMe, and (3) R = 2,3-OC6H4 on the phenyl ring of (C∧C*)PtII(acac) (C∧C* = phenylimidazole, acac = acetylacetone), respectively, on absorption and phosphorescent spectra properties, as well as the radiative and nonradiative processes. We found that emissions of complexes 2 and 3 originate from the Kasha-like T1 state, whereas that of complex 1 originates from non-Kasha T2 state. Compared with the emission of complex 1, the emission peaks of 2 and 3 are red-shifted, which is attributed to p-π and π-π conjugation effects resulting from the electron-donating groups -OCH3 and -OC6H4 with ligand C∧C*, respectively. The radiative rate constants (κr) of 2 and 3 are larger than that of 1, namely, κr(1) < κr(2) < κr(3), indicating that κr can be efficiently increased by enlarging π-conjugation at the main ligand of (C∧C*)PtII(acac), which can cause the increase of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) matrix elements. At the same time, the activation energy barriers for the rate-limiting step can be largely raised accompanied by enlarging the ability of electron-donation of the substituent group at the main ligand of (C∧C*)PtII(acac), which can cause the decrease of the nonradiative rate constant (κnr), namely, κnr(1) > κnr(2) > κnr(3). According to ΦP = κr/(κr + κnr), the quantum yields should have the sequence ΦP(1) < ΦP(2) < ΦP(3), which is in accordance with the experiment. In addition, to guide experimental synthesis of highly efficient (C∧C*)PtII(acac), a new complex 4 through extending the π-conjugation in the C∧C* ligand of (C∧C*)PtII(acac) was theoretically designed, which has a larger quantum yield than 1-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130023, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lee CH, Tang MC, Wong YC, Chan MY, Yam VWW. Sky-Blue-Emitting Dendritic Alkynylgold(III) Complexes for Solution-Processable Organic Light-Emitting Devices. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10539-10550. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Man-Chung Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Chun Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Yee Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang X, Yang H, Wen Y, Wang L, Li J, Zhang J. Comprehension of the Effect of a Hydroxyl Group in Ancillary Ligand on Phosphorescent Property for Heteroleptic Ir(III) Complexes: A Computational Study Using Quantitative Prediction. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8986-8995. [PMID: 28708408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new Ir(III) complex (dfpypya)2Ir(pic-OH) (2) is theoretically designed by introduction of a simple hydroxyl group into the ancillary ligand on the basis of (dfpypya)2Ir(pic) (1) with the aim to get the high-efficiency and stable blue-emitting phosphors, where dfpypya is 3-methyl-6-(2',4'-difluoro-pyridinato)pyridazine, pic is picolinate, and pic-OH is 3-hydroxypicolinic acid. The other configuration (dfpypya)2Ir(pic-OH)' (3) is also investigated to compare with 2. The difference between 2 and 3 is whether the intramolecular hydrogen bond is formed in the (dfpypya)2Ir(pic-OH). The quantum yield is determined by three different methods including the semiquantitative and quantitative methods. To quantitatively determine the quantum yield is still not an easy task to be completed. This work would provide some useful advices to select the suitable method to reliably evaluate the quantum yield. Complex 2 has larger quantum yield and more stability as compared with 1 and 3. The formation of intramolecular hydrogen bond would become a new method to design new phosphor with the desired properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University , Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinglai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University , Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|