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Huang S, Li X, Cai Y, Feng W, Yuan L. Construction of Oligorotaxanes with Hydrogen-Bonded Aramide Macrocycles through Threaded Host-Guest Complexation. Chemistry 2023:e202303394. [PMID: 38116992 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient and selective organic synthetic approaches for complex molecules has garnered significant attention due to the need for precise control over molecular structures and functions. Rotaxanes, a type of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), have shown promising applications in various fields including sensing, catalysis, and material science. However, the highly selective synthesis of oligo[n]rotaxanes (mostly n≥3) through controlling host-guest complexation and supramolecular threading assembly process still remains an ongoing challenge. In particular, the utilization of two-dimensional (2D) macrocycles with structural shape-persistency for the synthesis of oligo[n]rotaxanes is rare. In this concept, research on cooperatively threaded host-guest complexation with hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) aramide macrocycles and selective synthetic protocols of oligo[n]rotaxanes has been summarized. The high efficiency and selectivity in synthesis are ascribed to the synergistic interplay of multiple non-covalent bonding interactions such as hydrogen bonding and intermolecular π-π stacking of macrocycles within the unique supramolecular structure of threaded host-guest complexes. This review focuses on the latest progress in the concepts, synthesis, and properties of H-bonded aramide macrocycle-based oligorotaxanes, and presents an in-depth outlook on challenges in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Huang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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2
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Tse YC, Au-Yeung HY. Catenane and Rotaxane Synthesis from Cucurbit[6]uril-Mediated Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300290. [PMID: 37460745 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) such as catenane and rotaxane is full of new opportunities for the presence of a mechanical bond, and the efficient synthesis of these molecules is therefore of fundamental importance in realizing their unique properties and functions. While many different types of preorganizing interactions and covalent bond formation strategies have been exploited in MIMs synthesis, the use of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) in simultaneously templating macrocycle interlocking and catalyzing the covalent formation of the interlocked components is particularly advantageous in accessing high-order catenanes and rotaxanes. In this review, catenane and rotaxane obtained from CB[6]-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition will be discussed, with special emphasis on the synthetic strategies employed for obtaining complex [n]rotaxanes and [n]catenanes, as well as their properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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3
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d'Orchymont F, Holland JP. Asymmetric rotaxanes as dual-modality supramolecular imaging agents for targeting cancer biomarkers. Commun Chem 2023; 6:107. [PMID: 37264077 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-modality imaging agents featuring both a radioactive complex for positron emission tomography (PET) and a fluorophore for optical fluorescence imaging (OFI) are crucial tools for reinforcing clinical diagnosis and intraoperative surgeries. We report the synthesis and characterisation of bimodal mechanically interlocked rotaxane-based imaging agents, constructed via the cucurbit[6]uril CB[6]-mediated alkyne-azide 'click' reaction. Two synthetic routes involving four- or six-component reactions are developed to access asymmetric rotaxanes. Furthermore, by using this rapid and versatile approach, a peptide-based rotaxane targeted toward the clinical prostate cancer biomarker, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and bearing a 68Ga-radiometal ion complex for positron emission tomography and fluorescein as an optically active imaging agent, was synthesised. The chemical and radiochemical stability, and the cellular uptake profile of the radiolabelled and fluorescent rotaxane was evaluated in vitro where the experimental data demonstrate the viability of using an asymmetric rotaxane platform to produce dual-modality imaging agents that specifically target prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustine d'Orchymont
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason P Holland
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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4
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Liu JX, Chen K, Redshaw C. Stimuli-responsive mechanically interlocked molecules constructed from cucurbit[ n]uril homologues and derivatives. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1428-1455. [PMID: 36728265 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]uril supramolecular chemistry has developed rapidly since 2001 when different cucurbit[n]uril homologues (Q[n]) were successfully separated in pure form. The combination of Q[n] cavity size and various types of external stimuli has given birth to numerous types of Q[n]-based mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), including (pseudo)rotaxanes, catenanes, dendrimers and poly(pseudo)rotaxanes. In this review article, the important advances in the field of Q[n]-based MIMs over the past two decades are highlighted. This review also describes examples of heterowheel (pseudo)rotaxanes and poly(pseudo)rotaxanes involving Q[n]s, and reflects on the opportunities and challenges of constructing Q[n]-based stimuli-responsive MIMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, P. R. China.
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
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5
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Han H, Seale JSW, Feng L, Qiu Y, Stoddart JF. Sequence‐controlled synthesis of rotaxanes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - James S. W. Seale
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore Republic of Singapore
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou China
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6
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Construction of unique pseudo[1]rotaxanes and [1]rotaxanes based on mono-functionalized pillar[5]arene Schiff bases. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-022-01165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Luo Y, Zhang W, Zhao J, Yang MX, Ren Q, Redshaw C, Tao Z, Xiao X. A novel pillar[5]arene-cucurbit[10]uril based host-guest complex: Synthesis, characterization and detection of paraquat. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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9
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Hybrid Macrocyclic Polymers: Self-Assembly Containing Cucurbit[m]uril-pillar[n]arene. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091777. [PMID: 35566949 PMCID: PMC9106019 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly by hybrid macrocycles containing both cucurbit[m]uril (CB[m]) and pillar[n]arene was discussed and summarized in this review. Due to different solubility, diverse-sized cavities, and various driving forces in recognizing guests, the role of CB[m] and pillar[n]arene in such hybrid macrocyclic systems could switch between competitor in capturing specialized guests, and cooperator for building advanced hybridized macrocycles, by controlling their characteristics in host–guest inclusions. Furthermore, both CB[m] and pillar[n]arene were employed for fabricating advanced supramolecular self-assemblies such as mechanically interlocked molecules and supramolecular polymers. In those self-assemblies, CB[m] and pillar[n]arene played significant roles in, e.g., microreactor for catalyzing particular reactions to bridge different small pieces together, molecular “joint” to connect different monomers into larger assemblies, and “stabilizer” in accommodating the guest molecules to adopt a favorite structure geometry ready for assembling.
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10
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Kato K, Fa S, Ohtani S, Shi TH, Brouwer AM, Ogoshi T. Noncovalently bound and mechanically interlocked systems using pillar[ n]arenes. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3648-3687. [PMID: 35445234 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pillar[n]arenes are pillar-shaped macrocyclic compounds owing to the methylene bridges linking the para-positions of the units. Owing to their unique pillar-shaped structures, these compounds exhibit various excellent properties compared with other cyclic host molecules, such as versatile functionality using various organic synthesis techniques, substituent-dependent solubility, cavity-size-dependent host-guest properties in organic media, and unit rotation along with planar chiral inversion. These advantages have enabled the high-yield synthesis and rational design of pillar[n]arene-based mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). In particular, new types of pillar[n]arene-based MIMs that can dynamically convert between interlocked and unlocked states through unit rotation have been produced. The highly symmetrical pillar-shaped structures of pillar[n]arenes result in simple NMR spectra, which are useful for studying the motion of pillar[n]arene wheels in MIMs and creating sophisticated MIMs with higher-order structures. The creation and application of polymeric MIMs based on pillar[n]arenes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Tan-Hao Shi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Albert M Brouwer
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan. .,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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11
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Rao C, Liao D, Pan Y, Zhong Y, Zhang W, Ouyang Q, Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A, Liu J. Novel formulations of metal-organic frameworks for controlled drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1183-1202. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2064450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congying Rao
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan, 523808, China
- These authors have equal contributions
| | - Donghui Liao
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan, 523808, China
- These authors have equal contributions
| | - Ying Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan, 523808, China
- These authors have equal contributions
| | - Yuyu Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of general surgery, Dalang Hospital, Dongguan, 523800, China
| | | | - Jianqiang Liu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
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12
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Au-Yeung HY, Deng Y. Distinctive features and challenges in catenane chemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3315-3334. [PMID: 35432874 PMCID: PMC8943846 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From being an aesthetic molecular object to a building block for the construction of molecular machines, catenanes and related mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) continue to attract immense interest in many research areas. Catenane chemistry is closely tied to that of rotaxanes and knots, and involves concepts like mechanical bonds, chemical topology and co-conformation that are unique to these molecules. Yet, because of their different topological structures and mechanical bond properties, there are some fundamental differences between the chemistry of catenanes and that of rotaxanes and knots although the boundary is sometimes blurred. Clearly distinguishing these differences, in aspects of bonding, structure, synthesis and properties, between catenanes and other MIMs is therefore of fundamental importance to understand their chemistry and explore the new opportunities from mechanical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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13
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Xue HF, Huang YX, Dong M, Zhang ZY, Li C. Stabilization of Antitumor Agent Busulfan through the Encapsulation within a Water-Soluble Pillar[5]arene. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101332. [PMID: 35040585 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The complexation of antitumor agent busulfan by negatively charged carboxylatopillar[5]arenein water is reported. The encapsulation within carboxylatopillar[5]arenein reduces the hydrolytic degradation of busulfan from 90.7 % to 25.2 % after 24 days and accordingly enhances its stability by providing a hydrophobic shelter for busulfan in water. Moreover, the complexation result in 12 times improvement of water solubility for busulfan. Our result provides a supramolecular approach for stabilizing the anticancer agent busulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Feng Xue
- Tianjin Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Yu-Xi Huang
- Tianjin Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Ming Dong
- Tianjin Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Tianjin Normal University, Department of Chemistry, 300387, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Chunju Li
- Shanghai University, Chemistry, 99 Shangda Road, 200443, Shanghai, CHINA
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14
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Ng AWH, Lai SK, Yee C, Au‐Yeung HY. Macrocycle Dynamics in a Branched [8]Catenane Controlled by Three Different Stimuli in Three Different Regions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Wing Hung Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Samuel Kin‐Man Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chi‐Chung Yee
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au‐Yeung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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15
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Gaedke M, Hupatz H, Witte F, Rupf SM, Douglas C, Schröder HV, Fischer L, Malischewski M, Paulus B, Schalley CA. Sequence-sorted redox-switchable hetero[3]rotaxanes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01553b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Programming the sequence of functional units in redox-switchable hetero[3]rotaxanes is achieved by integrative self-sorting for a library of five crown ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gaedke
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Hupatz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Witte
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne M. Rupf
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clara Douglas
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik V. Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Fischer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Malischewski
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Li D, Han Y, Sun J, Liu WL, Yan CG. Convenient construction of unique bis-[1]rotaxanes based on azobenzene-bridged dipillar[5]arenes. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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Ng AWH, Lai SKM, Yee CC, Au-Yeung HY. Macrocycle Dynamics in a Branched [8]Catenane Controlled by Three Different Stimuli in Three Different Regions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110200. [PMID: 34676960 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A branched [8]catenane from an efficient one-pot synthesis (72 % HPLC yield, 59 % isolated yield) featuring the simultaneous use of three kinds of templates and cucurbit[6]uril-mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CBAAC) for ring-closing is reported. Design and assembly of the [8]catenane precursors are unexpectedly complex that can involve cooperating, competing and non-influencing interactions. Due to the branched structure, dynamics of the [8]catenane can be modulated in different extent by rigidifying/loosening the mechanical bonds at different regions by using solvent polarity, acid-base and metal ions as the stimuli. This work not only highlights the importance of understanding the delicate interplay of the weak and non-obvious supramolecular interactions in the synthesis of high-order [n]catenane, but also demonstrates a complex control of dynamics and flexibility for exploiting [n]catenanes applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Wing Hung Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Samuel Kin-Man Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Chung Yee
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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18
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Yang L, Nie CY, Han Y, Sun J, Yan CG. Self-assembly of bis-[1]rotaxanes based on diverse thiourea-bridged mono-functionalized dipillar[5]arenes. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Liu G, Xu X, Dai X, Jiang C, Zhou Y, Lu L, Liu Y. Cucurbituril-activated photoreaction of dithienylethene for controllable targeted lysosomal imaging and anti-counterfeiting. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2494-2502. [PMID: 34870307 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular macrocycle-mediated photoreaction has been a research hotspot recently. Herein, we fabricated a photo-responsive intelligent supramolecular assembly that consisted of a water-soluble dithienylethene derivative (DTE-MPBT) and cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]). Importantly, CB[n], especially CB[8], could act as activators and trigger conformational alteration of the arm parts (typical molecular rotors) of DTE-MPBT, achieving dual functions, i.e. high-efficiency visible-light-cyclization reaction of the DTE core and fluorescence enhancement of DTE-MPBT, resulting in the formation of a dual visible light-driven fluorescent switch. These unexpected discoveries prompted the supramolecular assembly to be applied to dual-visible-light-controlled targeted lysosomal imaging and QR code information recognition. Moreover, the solid-state assembly exhibited more outstanding fluorescence and visible-light-switched fluorescence performance because of the host-guest-induced aggregation synergistic effect, showing fascinating applications, such as light-manipulative data storage and anti-counterfeiting. In brief, we unprecedentedly adopted a supramolecular strategy of "killing two birds with one stone", i.e. assembly-activated photochromism (AAP) and assembly-activated emission enhancement (AAEE), to fabricate dual-visible-light-driven fluorescent switches, which show promising application prospects in biomimetic smart nanomaterials based on supramolecular self-assembly systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P. R. China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Xianyin Dai
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Lu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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20
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Tomeček J, Čablová A, Hromádková A, Novotný J, Marek R, Durník I, Kulhánek P, Prucková Z, Rouchal M, Dastychová L, Vícha R. Modes of Micromolar Host-Guest Binding of β-Cyclodextrin Complexes Revealed by NMR Spectroscopy in Salt Water. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4483-4496. [PMID: 33648337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multitopic supramolecular guests with finely tuned affinities toward widely explored cucurbit[n]urils (CBs) and cyclodextrins (CDs) have been recently designed and tested as functional components of advanced supramolecular systems. We employed various spacers between the adamantane cage and a cationic moiety as a tool for tuning the binding strength toward CB7 to prepare a set of model guests with KCB7 and Kβ-CD values of (0.6-5.0) × 1010 M-1 and (0.6-2.6) × 106 M-1, respectively. These accessible adamantylphenyl-based binding motifs open a way toward supramolecular components with an outstanding affinity toward β-cyclodextrin. 1H NMR experiments performed in 30% CaCl2/D2O at 273 K along with molecular dynamics simulations allowed us to identify two arrangements of the guest@β-CD complexes. The approach, joining experimental and theoretical methods, provided a better understanding of the structure of cyclodextrin complexes and related molecular recognition, which is highly important for the rational design of drug delivery systems, molecular sensors and switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Tomeček
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Čablová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Hromádková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novotný
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Marek
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Durník
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kulhánek
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Prucková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rouchal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Dastychová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Vícha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
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21
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Chong H, Nie C, Wang L, Wang S, Han Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Yan C. Construction and investigation of photo-switch property of azobenzene-bridged pillar[5]arene-based [3]rotaxanes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Zhang X, Wang X, Wang B, Ding ZJ, Li C. Carbon-carbon double bond in pillar[5]arene cavity: Selective binding of cis/trans-olefin isomers. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Liang H, Hua B, Xu F, Gan LS, Shao L, Huang F. Acid/Base-Tunable Unimolecular Chirality Switching of a Pillar[5]azacrown Pseudo[1]Catenane. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19772-19778. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haozhong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-She Gan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Li B, Li S, Wang B, Meng Z, Wang Y, Meng Q, Li C. Capture of Sulfur Mustard by Pillar[5]arene: From Host-Guest Complexation to Efficient Adsorption Using Nonporous Adaptive Crystals. iScience 2020; 23:101443. [PMID: 32829284 PMCID: PMC7452326 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) has been the most frequently used chemical warfare agent. Here, we present the efficient containment of SM and its simulants by per-ethylated pillar[5]arene (EtP5). EtP5 exhibited strong binding abilities toward SM and its simulants not only in solution but also in the solid state. The association constant (Ka) between SM and EtP5 was determined as (6.2 ± 0.6) × 103 M-1 in o-xylene-d10. Single crystal structure of SM@EtP5 showed that a 1:1 inclusion complex was formed, which was driven by multiple C-H···π/Cl/S and S···π interactions. In addition, activated crystal materials of EtP5 (EtP5α) could effectively adsorb SM simulants at solid-vapor phase; powder X-ray diffraction patterns and host-guest crystal structures indicated that the uptake process triggered a solid-state structural transformation. More interestingly, the captured guest molecules could be stably contained in EtP5α for at least 6 months in air at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- College of Science, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Science, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Yongan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Qingbin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- College of Science, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
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25
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Hoyas Pérez N, Lewis JEM. Synthetic strategies towards mechanically interlocked oligomers and polymers. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6757-6780. [PMID: 32840554 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01583k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules have fascinated chemists for decades. Initially a tantalising synthetic challenge, interlocked molecules have continued to capture the imagination for their aesthetics and, increasingly, for their potential as molecular machines and use in materials applications. Whilst preliminary statistical attempts to prepare these molecules were exceedingly inefficient, a raft of template-directed strategies have now been realised, providing a vast toolbox from which chemists can access interlocked structures in excellent yields. For many envisaged applications it is desirable to move away from small, discrete interlocked molecules and turn to oligomers and polymers instead, either due to the need for multiple mechanical bonds within the desired material, or to exploit an extended scaffold for the organisation and arrangement of individual mechanically interlocked units. In this tutorial-style review we outline the synthetic strategies that have been employed for the synthesis of mechanically interlocked oligomers and polymers, including oligo-/polymerisation of (pseudo)interlocked precursors, metal-organic self-assembly, the use of orthogonal template motifs, iterative approaches and grafting onto polymer backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hoyas Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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26
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Sakata Y, Ogura T, Akine S. Efficient formation of [3]pseudorotaxane based on cooperative complexation of dibenzo-24-crown-8 with diphenylviologen axle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8735-8738. [PMID: 32558868 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03131c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel cooperative [3]pseudorotaxane system consisting of dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8) and diphenylviologen axle has been developed. The two-step formation of the [3]pseudorotaxane occurred in a positive-cooperative manner. The corresponding [3]rotaxane was successfully obtained from just a stoichiometric mixture of each component by end-capping without dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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27
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Pearce N, Davies ES, Champness NR. per-Alkoxy-pillar[5]arenes as Electron Donors: Electrochemical Properties of Dimethoxy-Pillar[5]arene and Its Corresponding Rotaxane. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071627. [PMID: 32252224 PMCID: PMC7180461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
1,4-dimethoxypillar[5]arene undergoes reversible multielectron oxidations forming stable radical cations, a property retained when incorporated in [2]rotaxanes, suggesting that pillar[5]arenes can be employed as viable, yet unreported, electron donors.
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28
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Nierengarten I, Nierengarten J. Diversity Oriented Preparation of Pillar[5]arene-Containing [2]Rotaxanes by a Stopper Exchange Strategy. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:393-400. [PMID: 32257747 PMCID: PMC7110104 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaxane building blocks bearing 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) benzenesulfonate (BTBS) stoppers have been efficiently prepared from a pillar[5]arene derivative, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) benzenesulfonyl chloride (BTBSCl) and different diols, namely 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol. The BTBS moieties of these compounds are good leaving groups and stopper exchange reactions could be achieved by treatment with different nucleophiles thus affording rotaxanes with ester, thioether or ether stoppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux MoléculairesUniversité de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux25 rue Becquerel67087Strasbourg Cedex 2France
| | - Jean‐François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux MoléculairesUniversité de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux25 rue Becquerel67087Strasbourg Cedex 2France
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29
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Lin RL, Li R, Shi H, Zhang K, Meng D, Sun WQ, Chen K, Liu JX. Symmetrical-Tetramethyl-Cucurbit[6]uril-Driven Movement of Cucurbit[7]uril Gives Rise to Heterowheel [4]Pseudorotaxanes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3568-3575. [PMID: 32041407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two novel heterowheel [4]pseudorotaxanes consisting of cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]) and symmetrical-tetramethyl-cucurbit[6]uril (TMeQ[6]) were constructed via the multirecognition mechanism, in which Q[7] can rotate freely around the horizontal axis, while TMeQ[6] cannot. In the construction process, due to strong repulsive forces between carbonyl portals of two neighboring wheels, the dethreading and movement of the wheels along the axle was observed. The dissociation of the [4]pseudorotaxanes was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lian Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243001, China
| | - Ran Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hao Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243001, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243001, China
| | - Di Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243001, China
| | - Wen-Qi Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243001, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jing-Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243001, China
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30
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Tian C, Fielden SDP, Whitehead GFS, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Leigh DA. Weak functional group interactions revealed through metal-free active template rotaxane synthesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:744. [PMID: 32029725 PMCID: PMC7005292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modest functional group interactions can play important roles in molecular recognition, catalysis and self-assembly. However, weakly associated binding motifs are often difficult to characterize. Here, we report on the metal-free active template synthesis of [2]rotaxanes in one step, up to 95% yield and >100:1 rotaxane:axle selectivity, from primary amines, crown ethers and a range of C=O, C=S, S(=O)2 and P=O electrophiles. In addition to being a simple and effective route to a broad range of rotaxanes, the strategy enables 1:1 interactions of crown ethers with various functional groups to be characterized in solution and the solid state, several of which are too weak - or are disfavored compared to other binding modes - to be observed in typical host-guest complexes. The approach may be broadly applicable to the kinetic stabilization and characterization of other weak functional group interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | | | | | | | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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31
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Ye Z, Wang J, Kothapalli SSK, Yang Z, Chen L, Xu W, Cai Y, Zhang T, Xiao X, Deng P, Feng W, Yuan L. Controlling the selective synthesis of [2]- and [3]rotaxanes by intermolecular steric hindrance between the macrocyclic hosts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:1066-1069. [PMID: 31872194 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08253k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two hydrogen-bonded azo-macrocycles with little disparity of the side chains in steric hindrance exhibited a substantial difference in complexation (slow/fast exchange) towards bipyridinium. Inspired by this finding, these macrocycles were applied to efficiently and selectively construct [2]- and [3]rotaxanes through one-pot synthesis. The origin of the selectivity in this novel approach was elucidated by comparing single crystal structures, DFT calculations and stepwise synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecong Ye
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sudarshana Santhosh Kumar Kothapalli
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhiyao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lixi Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weitao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tinghui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pengchi Deng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
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32
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Ng AWH, Yee C, Au‐Yeung HY. Radial Hetero[5]catenanes: Peripheral Isomer Sequences of the Interlocked Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17375-17382. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Wing Hung Ng
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chi‐Chung Yee
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au‐Yeung
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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33
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Ng AWH, Yee C, Au‐Yeung HY. Radial Hetero[5]catenanes: Peripheral Isomer Sequences of the Interlocked Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Wing Hung Ng
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chi‐Chung Yee
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au‐Yeung
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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34
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Dobscha JR, Castillo HD, Li Y, Fadler RE, Taylor RD, Brown AA, Trainor CQ, Tait SL, Flood AH. Sequence-Defined Macrocycles for Understanding and Controlling the Build-up of Hierarchical Order in Self-Assembled 2D Arrays. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17588-17600. [PMID: 31503483 PMCID: PMC7461245 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anfinsen's dogma that sequence dictates structure is fundamental to understanding the activity and assembly of proteins. This idea has been applied to all manner of oligomers but not to the behavior of cyclic oligomers, aka macrocycles. We do this here by providing the first proofs that sequence controls the hierarchical assembly of nonbiological macrocycles, in this case, at graphite surfaces. To design macrocycles with one (AAA), two (AAB), or three (ABC) different carbazole units, we needed to subvert the synthetic preferences for one-pot macrocyclizations. We developed a new stepwise synthesis with sequence-defined targets made in 11, 17, and 22 steps with 25, 10, and 5% yields, respectively. The linear build up of primary sequence (1°) also enabled a thermal Huisgen cycloaddition to proceed regioselectively for the first time using geometric control. The resulting macrocycles are planar (2° structure) and form H-bonded dimers (3°) at surfaces. Primary sequences encoded into the suite of tricarb macrocycles were shown by scanning-tunneling microscopy (STM) to impact the next levels of supramolecular ordering (4°) and 2D crystalline polymorphs (5°) at solution-graphite interfaces. STM imaging of an AAB macrocycle revealed the formation of a new gap phase that was inaccessible using only C3-symmetric macrocycles. STM imaging of two additional sequence-controlled macrocycles (AAD, ABE) allowed us to identify the factors driving the formation of this new polymorph. This demonstration of how sequence controls the hierarchical patterning of macrocycles raises the importance of stepwise syntheses relative to one-pot macrocyclizations to offer new approaches for greater understanding and control of hierarchical assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Dobscha
- Molecular Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Henry D. Castillo
- Molecular Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Molecular Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Rachel E. Fadler
- Molecular Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Rose D. Taylor
- Molecular Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Andrew A. Brown
- Molecular Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Colleen Q. Trainor
- Molecular Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Steven L. Tait
- Molecular Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Molecular Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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35
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Nierengarten J. Weak Intramolecular Interactions to Stabilize Supramolecular Fullerene‐Porphyrin Conjugates and to Control the Conformation of Multiporphyrinic Arrays. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (LIMA‐UMR 7042) Ecole Européenne de Chimie Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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36
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Song N, Lou XY, Ma L, Gao H, Yang YW. Supramolecular nanotheranostics based on pillarenes. Theranostics 2019; 9:3075-3093. [PMID: 31244942 PMCID: PMC6567958 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of supramolecular chemistry and nanomaterials, supramolecular nanotheranostics has attracted remarkable attention owing to the advantages compared with conventional medicine. Supramolecular architectures relying on non-covalent interactions possess reversible and stimuli-responsive features; endowing supramolecular nanotheranostics based on supramolecular assemblies great potentials for the fabrication of integrated novel nanomedicines and controlled drug delivery systems. In particular, pillarenes, as a relatively new class of synthetic macrocycles, are important candidates in the construction of supramolecular therapeutic systems due to their excellent features such as rigid and symmetric structures, facile substitution, and unique host-guest properties. This review summarizes the development of pillarene-based supramolecular nanotheranostics for applications in biological mimicking, virus inhibition, cancer therapy, and diagnosis, which contains the following two major parts: (a) pillarene-based hybrid supramolecular nanotheranostics upon hybridizing with porous materials such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, metal nanoparticles, and other inorganic materials; (b) pillarene-based organic supramolecular therapeutic systems that include supramolecular amphiphilic systems, artificial channels, and prodrugs based on host-guest complexes. Finally, perspectives on how pillarene-based supramolecular nanotheranostics will advance the field of pharmaceuticals and therapeutics are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lianjun Ma
- Department of Endoscopics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
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37
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Yu G, Chen X. Host-Guest Chemistry in Supramolecular Theranostics. Theranostics 2019; 9:3041-3074. [PMID: 31244941 PMCID: PMC6567976 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic hosts, such as cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cucurbiturils, and pillararenes, exhibit unparalleled advantages in disease diagnosis and therapy over the past years by fully taking advantage of their host-guest molecular recognitions. The dynamic nature of the non-covalent interactions and selective host-guest complexation endow the resultant nanomaterials with intriguing properties, holding promising potentials in theranostic fields. Interestingly, the differences in microenvironment between the abnormal and normal cells/tissues can be employed as the stimuli to modulate the host-guest interactions, realizing the purpose of precise diagnosis and specific delivery of drugs to lesion sites. In this review, we summarize the progress of supramolecular theranostics on the basis of host-guest chemistry benefiting from their fantastic topological structures and outstanding supramolecular chemistry. These state-of-the-art examples provide new methodologies to overcome the obstacles faced by the traditional theranostic systems, promoting their clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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38
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Holler M, Stoerkler T, Louis A, Fischer F, Nierengarten JF. Mechanochemical Solvent-Free Conditions for the Synthesis of Pillar[5]arene-Containing [2]Rotaxanes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Holler
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires; Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (LIMA - UMR 7042); Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux; 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Timothée Stoerkler
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires; Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (LIMA - UMR 7042); Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux; 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Alexandra Louis
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires; Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (LIMA - UMR 7042); Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux; 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Fanny Fischer
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires; Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (LIMA - UMR 7042); Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux; 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Jean-François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires; Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (LIMA - UMR 7042); Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux; 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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39
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Yang K, Chao S, Zhang F, Pei Y, Pei Z. Recent advances in the development of rotaxanes and pseudorotaxanes based on pillar[n]arenes: from construction to application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13198-13210. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07373f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes recent advances in the development of rotaxanes and pseudorotaxanes based on pillar[n]arenes: from construction to application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Che-mistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
| | - Shuang Chao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Che-mistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
| | - Feiyu Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Che-mistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Che-mistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Che-mistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
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40
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Lin Q, Guan XW, Song SS, Fan H, Yao H, Zhang YM, Wei TB. A novel supramolecular polymer π-gel based on bis-naphthalimide functionalized-pillar[5]arene for fluorescence detection and separation of aromatic acid isomers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01299g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular polymer π-gel, BPN-G, can selectively identify and separate benzoic acid isomers through rationally introduced multi-intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Chemistry Department
- School of Science and Technology
- Nazarbayev University Astana 010000
- Kazakhstan
| | - Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
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41
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Liu YC, Nau WM, Hennig A. A supramolecular five-component relay switch that exposes the mechanistic competition of dissociative versus associative binding to cucurbiturils by ratiometric fluorescence monitoring. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14123-14126. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07165b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A putrescine derivative of aminomethyladamantane is established as a ditopic guest with two mutually exclusive binding sites for cucurbit[6]uril and cucurbit[7]uril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cen Liu
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Mako
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Joan M. Racicot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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43
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Abstract
Heterorotaxanes, in which at least two types of macrocycles were introduced as the wheel components in rotaxanes, have attracted more and more attention during the past few decades owing to their unique structural features and intriguing properties. The coexistence of varied macrocycles endows the resultant heterorotaxanes not only versatile shuttling and switching behaviors but also great potential for the construction of functional rotaxane systems for applications. In this feature article, a survey of the successful synthesis of heterorotaxanes will be provided based on the various strategies towards the synthesis of heterorotaxanes, i.e. orthogonal binding approach, self-sorting approach, cooperative capture approach, active metal template approach, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Qing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China.
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44
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Abstract
Porous materials with high surface areas have drawn more and more attention in recent years because of their wide applications in physical adsorption and energy-efficient adsorptive separation processes. Most of the reported porous materials are macromolecular porous materials, such as zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), or porous coordination polymers (PCPs), and porous organic polymers (POPs) or covalent organic frameworks (COFs), in which the building blocks are linked together by covalent or coordinative bonds. These materials are barely soluble and thus are not solution-processable. Furthermore, the relatively low chemical, moisture, and thermal stability of most MOFs and COFs cannot be neglected. On the other hand, molecular porous materials such as porous organic cages (POCs), which have been developed very recently, also show promising applications in adsorption and separation processes. They can be soluble in organic solvents, making them solution-processable materials. However, they are usually sensitive to acid/base and humid environments since most of them are based on dynamic covalent bonding. These macromolecular and molecular porous materials usually have two similar features: high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas and rigid pore structures, which are stable during adsorption and separation processes. In this Account, we describe a novel class of solid materials for adsorption and separation, nonporous adaptive crystals (NACs), which function at the supramolecular level. They are nonporous in the initial crystalline state, but the intrinsic or extrinsic porosity of the crystals along with a crystal structure transformation is induced by preferable guest molecules. Unlike solvent-induced crystal polymorphism phenomena of common organic crystals that occur at the solid-liquid phase, NACs capture vaporized guests at the solid-gas phase. Upon removal of guest molecules, the crystal structure transforms back to the original nonporous structure. Here we focus on the discussion of pillararene-based NACs for adsorption and separation and the crystal structure transformations from the initial nonporous crystalline state to new guest-loaded structures during the adsorption and separation processes. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, gas chromatography, and solution NMR spectroscopy are the main techniques to verify the adsorption and separation processes and the structural transformations. Compared with traditional porous materials, NACs of pillararenes have several advantages. First, their preparation is simple and cheap, and they can be synthesized on a large scale to meet practical demands. Second, pillararenes have better chemical, moisture, and thermal stability than crystalline MOFs, COFs, and POCs, which are usually constructed on the basis of reversible chemical bonds. Third, pillararenes are soluble in many common organic solvents, which means that they can be easily processed in solution. Fourth, their regeneration is simple and they can be reused many times with no decrease in performance. It is expected that this class of materials will not only exert a significant influence on scientific research but also show practical applications in chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Errui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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45
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Jamieson EMG, Modicom F, Goldup SM. Chirality in rotaxanes and catenanes. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5266-5311. [PMID: 29796501 PMCID: PMC6049620 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although chiral mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have been synthesised and studied, enantiopure examples are relatively under-represented in the pantheon of reported catenanes and rotaxanes and the underlying chirality of the system is often even overlooked. This is changing with the advent of new applications of MIMs in catalysis, sensing and materials and the appearance of new methods to access unusual stereogenic units unique to the mechanical bond. Here we discuss the different stereogenic units that have been investigated in catenanes and rotaxanes, examples of their application, methods for assigning absolute stereochemistry and provide a perspective on future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. G. Jamieson
- Chemistry
, University of Southampton
,
University Road, Highfield
, Southampton
, SO17 1BJ
, UK
.
| | - F. Modicom
- Chemistry
, University of Southampton
,
University Road, Highfield
, Southampton
, SO17 1BJ
, UK
.
| | - S. M. Goldup
- Chemistry
, University of Southampton
,
University Road, Highfield
, Southampton
, SO17 1BJ
, UK
.
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46
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Ogoshi T, Yamafuji D, Aoki T, Yamagishi TA. An Electric Trap: Electron-Rich Carbonyl Axis Ends Slow Threading/Dethreading Exchange Dynamics of Pillar[5]arene Ring along Axis. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ogoshi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi; Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute; Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi; Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Daiki Yamafuji
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi; Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Takamichi Aoki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi; Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Tada-aki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi; Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
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47
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Zhang F, Ma J, Sun Y, Mei Y, Chen X, Wang W, Li H. Construction of a Switchable Nanochannel for Protein Transport via a Pillar[5]arene-Based Host–Guest System. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8270-8275. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junkai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Mei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
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48
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Fielden SDP, Leigh DA, McTernan CT, Pérez-Saavedra B, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ. Spontaneous Assembly of Rotaxanes from a Primary Amine, Crown Ether and Electrophile. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6049-6052. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D. P. Fielden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie T. McTernan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Borja Pérez-Saavedra
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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49
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Qiu SC, Chen K, Wang Y, Hua ZY, Li F, Huang Y, Tao Z, Zhang YJ, Wei G. Crystal structure analysis of twisted cucurbit [14]uril conformations. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Nierengarten I, Meichsner E, Holler M, Pieper P, Deschenaux R, Delavaux-Nicot B, Nierengarten JF. Preparation of Pillar[5]arene-Based [2]Rotaxanes by a Stopper-Exchange Strategy. Chemistry 2017; 24:169-177. [PMID: 29072795 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A pillar[5]arene-containing rotaxane building block bearing exchangeable stoppers has been prepared in multigram scale quantities with high yields from the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) with the inclusion complex resulting from the association of dodecanedioyl chloride with 1,4-diethoxypillar[5]arene. Stopper exchange reactions have been achieved by treatment of the resulting DNP diester with various amines through an addition-elimination mechanism preventing the unthreading of the axle component during the reaction and thus preserving the [2]rotaxane structures. The resulting diamide [2]rotaxane derivatives have thus been obtained in good to excellent yields. Importantly, [2]rotaxanes difficult or impossible to prepare by direct introduction of the two stoppers in a single synthetic step are now easily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Eric Meichsner
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Michel Holler
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Pauline Pieper
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Deschenaux
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Delavaux-Nicot
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (UPR 8241), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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