1
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Sugita H, Kamigawara T, Miyazaki S, Shimada R, Katoh T, Ohta Y, Yokozawa T. Intramolecular Palladium Catalyst Transfer on Benzoheterodiazoles as Acceptor Monomers and Discovery of Catalyst Transfer Inhibitors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301242. [PMID: 37302983 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular catalyst transfer on benzoheterodiazoles was investigated in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions and polymerization reactions with t Bu3 PPd precatalyst. In the coupling reactions of dibromobenzotriazole, dibromobenzoxazole, and dibromobenzothiadiazole with pinacol phenylboronate, the product ratios of monosubstituted product to disubstituted product were 0/100, 27/73, and 89/11, respectively, indicating that the Pd catalyst undergoes intramolecular catalyst transfer on dibromobenzotriazole, whereas intermolecular transfer occurs in part in the case of dibromobenzoxazole and is predominant for dibromobenzothiadiazole. The polycondensation of 1.3 equivalents of dibromobenzotriazole with 1.0 equivalent of para- and meta-phenylenediboronates afforded high-molecular-weight polymer and cyclic polymer, respectively. In the case of dibromobenzoxazole, however, para- and meta-phenylenediboronates afforded moderate-molecular-weight polymer with bromine at both ends and cyclic polymer, respectively. In the case of dibromobenzothiadiazole, they afforded low-molecular-weight polymers with bromine at both ends. Addition of benzothiadiazole derivatives interfered with catalyst transfer in the coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Sugita
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Takeru Kamigawara
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Sou Miyazaki
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Shimada
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Katoh
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
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2
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Berl AJ, Sklar JH, Yun YJ, Kalow JA. Side-Chain Engineering in Hydrophilic n-Type π-Conjugated Polymers for Enhanced Reactivity. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:503-509. [PMID: 37011181 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Minor changes to side chains in conjugated polymers (CPs) can have pronounced effects on polymer properties by altering backbone planarity, solubility, and interaction with ions. Here, we report the photocontrolled synthesis of hydrophilic CPs from Grignard monomers and find that switching from alkyl to oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains changes their photoreactivity. Specifically, installing hydrophilic side chains on the same monomer core yields higher molecular weight polymers and allows polymerization to proceed with lower-energy red light. Additionally, we discover a side chain decomposition pathway for N-OEG monomers, which are prevalent in CP research. Decomposition can be overcome by adding an extra methylene unit in the side chains without compromising polymer molecular weight or hydrophilicity. Importantly, this polymerization does not require transition metal catalysts and is a promising approach to the preparation of n-type conjugated block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Berl
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jonathan H Sklar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Young Ju Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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3
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gao C, Ni Z, Zhang X, Hu W, Dong H. Recent advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors and their multi-functional applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1331-1381. [PMID: 36723084 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have received broad attention and research interest due to their unique integration of semiconducting properties with structural tunability, intrinsic flexibiltiy and low cost. In order to meet the requirements of organic electronic devices and their integrated circuits, p-type, n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors are all necessary. However, due to the limitation in both material synthesis and device fabrication, the development of n-type and ambipolar materials is quite behind that of p-type materials. Recent development in synthetic methods of organic semiconductors greatly enriches the range of n-type and ambipolar materials. Moreover, the newly developed materials with multiple functions also put forward multi-functional device applications, including some emerging research areas. In this review, we give a timely summary on these impressive advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors with a special focus on their synthesis methods and advanced materials with enhanced properties of charge carrier mobility, integration of high mobility and strong emission and thermoelectric properties. Finally, multi-functional device applications are further demonstrated as an example of these developed n-type and ambipolar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhenjie Ni
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Hannigan MD, Tami JL, Zimmerman PM, McNeil AJ. Rethinking Catalyst Trapping in Ni-Catalyzed Thieno[3,2- b]thiophene Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022; 55:10821-10830. [PMID: 37396500 PMCID: PMC10312364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Catalyst-transfer polymerization (CTP) is a chain-growth method used to synthesize conjugated polymers. Although CTP works well for most donor-type monomers, the polymerization stalls with thieno[3,2-b]thiophene when using Ni catalysts. Previous reports have rationalized this result by suggesting that the catalyst is trapped in a Ni0 π-complex with the highly electron-rich arene. In this study, evidence is provided that the catalyst trap is more likely a NiII complex that arises from oxidative insertion of Ni0 into the C-S bonds of thieno[3,2-b]thiophene. This result is consistent with the known reactivity of Ni0 complexes toward S-heteroarenes and is supported herein by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra acquired in situ, as well as data collected from small-molecule model reactions and density-functional theory simulations of the polymerization. We propose that this C-S insertion pathway and related off-cycle reactions may be relevant to understanding or enabling the CTP of other monomers with fused thiophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hannigan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jessica L Tami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Anne J McNeil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States; Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2800, United States
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5
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Chacon-Teran MA, Findlater M. Redox‐active BIAN‐based Iron Complexes in Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Findlater
- University of California Merced Department of Chemistry 5200 N. Lake Road 95340 Merced UNITED STATES
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6
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King AJ, Zhukhovitskiy AV. A Chain‐Growth Mechanism for Conjugated Polymer Synthesis Facilitated by Dinuclear Complexes with Redox‐Active Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206044. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. King
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Murray Hall 121 South Road Chapel Hill NC, 27514 USA
| | - Aleksandr V. Zhukhovitskiy
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Murray Hall 121 South Road Chapel Hill NC, 27514 USA
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7
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King AJ, Zhukhovitskiy AV. A Chain‐Growth Mechanism for Conjugated Polymer Synthesis Facilitated by Dinuclear Complexes with Redox‐Active Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. King
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Murray Hall 121 South Road Chapel Hill NC, 27514 USA
| | - Aleksandr V. Zhukhovitskiy
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Murray Hall 121 South Road Chapel Hill NC, 27514 USA
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8
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Cheng S, Zhao R, Seferos DS. Precision Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers Using the Kumada Methodology. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4203-4214. [PMID: 34726058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of conductive poly(acetylene), the study of conjugated polymers has remained an active and interdisciplinary frontier between polymer chemistry, polymer physics, computation, and device engineering. One of the ultimate goals of polymer science is to reliably synthesize structures, similar to small molecule synthesis. Kumada catalyst-transfer polymerization (KCTP) is a powerful tool for synthesizing conjugated polymers with predictable molecular weights, narrow dispersities, specific end groups, and complex backbone architectures. However, expanding the monomer scope beyond the well-studied 3-alkylthiophenes to include electron-deficient and complex heterocycles has been difficult. Revisiting the successful applications of KCTP can help us gain new insight into the CTP mechanisms and thus inspire breakthroughs in the controlled polymerization of challenging π-conjugated monomers.In this Account, we highlight our efforts over the past decade to achieve controlled synthesis of homopolymers (p-type and n-type), copolymers (diblock and statistical), and monodisperse high oligomers. We first give a brief introduction of the mechanism and state-of-the-art of KCTP. Since the extent of polymerization control is determined by steric and electronic effects of both the catalyst and monomer, the polymerization can be optimized by modifying monomer and catalyst structures, as well as finding a well-matched monomer-catalyst system. We discuss the effects of side-chain steric hindrance and halogens in the context of heavy atom substituted monomers. By moving the side-chain branch point one carbon atom away from the heterocycle to alleviate steric crowding and stabilize the catalyst resting state, we were able to successfully control the polymerization of new tellurophene monomers. Inspired by innocent role of the sterically encumbered 2-transmetalated 3-alkylthiophene monomer, we introduce the treatment of hygroscopic monomers with a bulky Grignard compound as a water-scavenger for the improved synthesis of water-soluble conjugated polymers. For challenging electron-deficient monomers, we discuss the design of new Ni(II)diimine catalysts with electron-donating character which enhance the stability of the association complex between the catalyst and the growing polymer chain, resulting in the quasi-living synthesis of n-type polymers. Beyond n-type homopolymers, the Ni(II)diimine catalysts are also capable of producing electron-rich and electron-deficient diblock and statistical copolymers. We discuss how density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate the role of catalyst steric and electronic effects in controlling the synthesis of π-conjugated polymers. Moreover, we demonstrate the synthesis of monodisperse high oligomers by temperature cycling, which takes full advantage of the unique character of KCTP in that it proceeds through distinct intermediates that are not reactive. The insight we gained thus far leads to the first example of isolated living conjugated polymer chains prepared by a standard KCTP procedure, with general applicability to different monomers and catalytic systems. In summarizing a decade of innovation in KCTP, we hope this Account will inspire future development in the field to overcome key challenges including the controlled synthesis of electron-deficient heterocycles, complex and high-performance systems, and degradable and recyclable materials as well as cutting-edge catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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9
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Terayama K, Liu CW, Higashihara T. Catalyst-transfer system in stoichiometry-independent AA+BB-type Migita–Kosugi–Stille coupling polycondensation using ester-functionalized dibromo monomer. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Bernauer J, Pölker J, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Redox‐active BIAN‐based Diimine Ligands in Metal‐Catalyzed Small Molecule Syntheses**. ChemCatChem 2021; 14:e202101182. [PMID: 35875682 PMCID: PMC9298226 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
α‐Diimine ligands have significantly shaped the coordination chemistry of most transition metal complexes. Among them, bis(imino)acenaphthene ligands (BIANs) have recently been matured to great versatility and applicability to catalytic reactions. Besides variations of the ligand periphery, the great versatility of BIAN ligands resides within their ability to undergo facile electronic manipulations. This review highlights key aspects of BIAN ligands in metal complexes and summarizes recent contributions of metal‐BIAN catalysts to syntheses of small and functionalized organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Bernauer
- Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin Luther King Pl 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Jennifer Pölker
- Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin Luther King Pl 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
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11
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Lee J, Kim H, Park H, Kim T, Hwang SH, Seo D, Chung TD, Choi TL. Universal Suzuki-Miyaura Catalyst-Transfer Polymerization for Precision Synthesis of Strong Donor/Acceptor-Based Conjugated Polymers and Their Sequence Engineering. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11180-11190. [PMID: 34264077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst-transfer polymerization has revolutionized the field of polymer synthesis due to its living character, but for a given catalyst system, the polymer scope is rather narrow. Herein we report a highly efficient Suzuki-Miyaura catalyst-transfer polymerization (SCTP) that covers a wide range of monomers from electron-rich (donor, D) to electron-deficient (acceptor, A) (hetero)arenes by rationally designing boronate monomers and using commercially available Buchwald RuPhos and SPhos Pd G3 precatalysts. Initially, we optimized the controlled polymerization of 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT), benzotriazole (BTz), quinoxaline (QX), and 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline (QXPh) by introducing new boronates, such as 4,4,8,8-tetramethyl-1,3,6,2-dioxazaborocane and its N-benzylated derivative, to modulate the reactivity and stability of the monomers. As a result, PProDOT, PBTz, PQX, and PQXPh were prepared with controlled molecular weight and narrow dispersity (Đ < 1.29) in excellent yield (>85%). A detailed investigation of the polymer structures using 1H NMR and MALDI-TOF spectrometry supported the chain-growth mechanism and the high initiation efficiency of the SCTP method. In addition, the use of RuPhos-Pd showing excellent catalyst-transfer ability on both D/A monomers led to unprecedented controlled D-A statistical copolymerization, thereby modulating the HOMO energy level (from -5.11 to -4.80 eV) and band gap energy (from 1.68 to 1.91 eV) of the resulting copolymers. Moreover, to demonstrate the living nature of SCTP, various combinations of D-A and A-A block copolymers (PBTz-b-PProDOT, PQX-b-PProDOT, and PQX-b-PBTz) were successfully prepared by the sequential addition method. Finally, simple but powerful one-shot D-A block copolymerization was achieved by maximizing the rate difference between a fast-propagating pinacol boronate donor and a slow-propagating acceptor to afford well-defined poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(benzotriazole).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwangseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daye Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, 16229 Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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12
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Pahlavanlu P, An SY, Panchuk JR, Pollit AA, Seferos DS. Anion-Radical Polymerization of Sulfur- and Selenium-Substituted N-Type Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paniz Pahlavanlu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - So Young An
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jenny R. Panchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Adam A. Pollit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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13
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Tokita Y, Katoh M, Kosaka K, Ohta Y, Yokozawa T. Precision synthesis of a fluorene-thiophene alternating copolymer by means of the Suzuki–Miyaura catalyst-transfer condensation polymerization: the importance of the position of an alkyl substituent on thiophene of the biaryl monomer to suppress disproportionation. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01184g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Suzuki–Miyaura coupling polymerization of PinB-F8T(3)-Br was accompanied by disproportionation, whereas that of PinB-F8T(4)-Br proceeded in a chain-growth polymerization manner to afford a well-defined fluorene-thiophene alternating copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tokita
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Masaru Katoh
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kosaka
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
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14
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Bautista MV, Varni AJ, Ayuso-Carrillo J, Carson MC, Noonan KJT. Pairing Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling and catalyst transfer polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01507e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Borylation strategies to make AB Suzuki–Miyaura monomers for use in catalyst-transfer polymerization with nickel or palladium catalysts.
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15
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Arslan BS, Arkan B, Gezgin M, Derin Y, Avcı D, Tutar A, Nebioğlu M, Şişman İ. The improvement of photovoltaic performance of quinoline-based dye-sensitized solar cells by modification of the auxiliary acceptors. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Pollit AA, Lough AJ, Seferos DS. Examining the Spin State and Redox Chemistry of Ni(Diimine) Catalysts during the Synthesis of π‐Conjugated Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. Pollit
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
- University of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3E5 Canada
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17
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Bautista MV, Varni AJ, Ayuso-Carrillo J, Tsai CH, Noonan KJT. Chain-Growth Polymerization of Benzotriazole Using Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling and Dialkylbiarylphosphine Palladium Catalysts. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1357-1362. [PMID: 35638632 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Electron-deficient (n-type) conjugated materials are commonly prepared via step-growth methods with limited control over the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the resulting polymers. In this communication, we demonstrate that Pd-dialkylbiarylphosphine catalysts enable the chain-growth polymerization of benzo[1,2,3]triazole using Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with molecular weight control and modest molecular weight distributions (Đ ∼ 1.2-1.6). The importance of a free ligand in the reaction mixture during polymerization was established by analysis of polymer samples using GPC and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A block copolymer with poly(3-hexylthiophene) was also synthesized by sequential monomer addition. The success of these commercially available catalysts for polymerization of benzotriazole highlights their potential for chain-growth reactions with other bicyclic arenes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V. Bautista
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| | - Anthony J. Varni
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| | - Josué Ayuso-Carrillo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| | - Chia-Hua Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| | - Kevin J. T. Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
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18
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Jarrett-Wilkins CN, Pollit AA, Seferos DS. Polymerization Catalysts Take a Walk on the Wild Side. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Woods EF, Berl AJ, Kalow JA. Photocontrolled Synthesis of n‐Type Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliot F. Woods
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Alexandra J. Berl
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Julia A. Kalow
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston IL 60208 USA
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20
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Woods EF, Berl AJ, Kalow JA. Photocontrolled Synthesis of n-Type Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6062-6067. [PMID: 31922643 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Current approaches to synthesize π-conjugated polymers (CPs) are dominated by thermally driven, transition-metal-mediated reactions. Herein we show that electron-deficient Grignard monomers readily polymerize under visible-light irradiation at room temperature in the absence of a catalyst. The product distribution can be tuned by the wavelength of irradiation based on the absorption of the polymer. Conversion studies are consistent with an uncontrolled chain-growth process; correspondingly, chain extension produces all-conjugated n-type block copolymers. Preliminary results demonstrate that the polymerization can be expanded to donor-acceptor alternating copolymers. We anticipate that this method can serve as a platform to access new architectures of n-type CPs without the need for transition-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot F Woods
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Alexandra J Berl
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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21
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Pollit AA, Ye S, Seferos DS. Elucidating the Role of Catalyst Steric and Electronic Effects in Controlling the Synthesis of π-Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. Pollit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Shuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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22
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Amna B, Siddiqi HM, Hassan A, Ozturk T. Recent developments in the synthesis of regioregular thiophene-based conjugated polymers for electronic and optoelectronic applications using nickel and palladium-based catalytic systems. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4322-4396. [PMID: 35495258 PMCID: PMC9049189 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09712k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-based conjugated polymers are important conjugated polymers due to their exceptional optical and conductive properties, over the past few decades many researchers have designed novel strategies to reach more efficient materials for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Amna
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
- Istanbul Technical University
| | | | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
- TUBITAK-UME
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23
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Buenaflor J, Sommerville P, Qian H, Luscombe C. Investigation of Bimetallic Nickel Catalysts in Catalyst‐Transfer Polymerization of π‐Conjugated Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Buenaflor
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 36 Bagley Hall, Box 351700 Seattle WA 98195‐1700 USA
| | - Parker Sommerville
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 36 Bagley Hall, Box 351700 Seattle WA 98195‐1700 USA
| | - Hang Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington 302 Roberts Hall, Box 352120 Seattle WA 98195‐2120 USA
| | - Christine Luscombe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington 302 Roberts Hall, Box 352120 Seattle WA 98195‐2120 USA
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24
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McKeown GR, Ye S, Cheng S, Seferos DS. Homogenous Synthesis of Monodisperse High Oligomers of 3-Hexylthiophene by Temperature Cycling. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17053-17056. [PMID: 31638385 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Whereas monodisperse polymers are ubiquitous in Nature, they remain elusive to synthetic chemists. Absolute control over polymer length and structure is essential to imparting chemical functionality, reproducible properties, and specific solid-state behavior. Precise polymer length has proven to be extremely difficult to control. The most successful examples are generally similar to solid-phase oligo nucleotide or peptide synthesis, wherein the polymer is built up one unit at a time with each sequential monomer addition requiring purification and deprotection (or other functional group activation) step. We have discovered a stepwise homogeneous catalyst-transfer polymerization to prepare monodisperse oligo(3-hexylthiophene) using temperature to limit additions to one unit per chain per cycle. This is the first reported example of a one-pot synthesis of monodisperse oligomers that requires no additional purification or intermediate steps. It is our hope that the strategy of temperature cycling to "freeze" intermediates will be generalizable to other living polymerization techniques, such as other catalyst-transfer polymerization systems, and those where a resting state involves an association between the catalyst and growing chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R McKeown
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Shuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , 200 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E5 , Canada
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25
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Ye S, Foster SM, Pollit AA, Cheng S, Seferos DS. The role of halogens in the catalyst transfer polycondensation for π-conjugated polymers. Chem Sci 2018; 10:2075-2080. [PMID: 30842865 PMCID: PMC6375363 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04808h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalyst transfer polycondensation is the only method to prepare π-conjugated polymers in a chain-growth manner, yet several aspects that underlie this polymerization are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the nickel-catalyzed polymerization mechanisms of a series of thiophene monomers bearing different halogen functionalities (Cl, Br, I). We have discovered the significant role that halogens and magnesium salts play in this polymerization. More specifically, the catalyst resting state changes depending on the type of halogenated monomer. For chlorinated monomers a mixture of Ni(ii)-dithienyl and dissociated Ni(phosphine) complexes are the resting states, which results in uncontrolled polymerization. For brominated monomers, a Ni(ii)-dithienyl complex is the resting state, which leads to controlled polymerization. For iodinated monomers, a Ni(ii)-thienyl iodide complex is the resting state, and notable inhibition by magnesium salt by-products is observed. The catalyst resting state changes to a Ni(ii)-dithienyl complex when a turbo Grignard reagent (i-PrMgCl·LiCl) is used. These findings are used to guide the design of a new monomer, 2-bromo-3-(2-ethylhexyl)-5-iodotellurophene, which enables the first controlled polymerization of a tellurophene monomer containing a sterically encumbered 2-ethylhexyl side chain. These insights are crucial for deepening the mechanistic understanding of Kumada cross coupling reactions and the controlled synthesis of π-conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Scott M Foster
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Adam A Pollit
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada . .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , 200 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E5 , Canada
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26
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A chiral ligand accessible in one step: Synthesis of bis-((R)-(+)-bornyl)acenaphthenequinonediimine and of its zinc and nickel complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Baker MA, Tsai C, Noonan KJT. Diversifying Cross‐Coupling Strategies, Catalysts and Monomers for the Controlled Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:13078-13088. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Chia‐Hua Tsai
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Kevin J. T. Noonan
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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28
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Vitek AK, Leone AK, McNeil AJ, Zimmerman PM. Spin-Switching Transmetalation at Ni Diimine Catalysts. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K. Vitek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Amanda K. Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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29
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Leysen P, Mannaerts A, Koeckelberghs G. The Influence of Substituents in the 3-Position on the Polymerization of Metaphenylenes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Leysen
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Astrid Mannaerts
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
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30
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Leone AK, Souther KD, Vitek AK, LaPointe AM, Coates GW, Zimmerman PM, McNeil AJ. Mechanistic Insight into Thiophene Catalyst-Transfer Polymerization Mediated by Nickel Diimine Catalysts. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Leone
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Kendra D. Souther
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Andrew K. Vitek
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Anne M. LaPointe
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Coates
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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31
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32
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Souther KD, Leone AK, Vitek AK, Palermo EF, LaPointe AM, Coates GW, Zimmerman PM, McNeil AJ. Trials and tribulations of designing multitasking catalysts for olefin/thiophene block copolymerizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra D. Souther
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering ProgramUniversity of Michigan, 930 North University AvenueAnn Arbor Michigan48109‐1055
| | - Amanda K. Leone
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering ProgramUniversity of Michigan, 930 North University AvenueAnn Arbor Michigan48109‐1055
| | - Andrew K. Vitek
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering ProgramUniversity of Michigan, 930 North University AvenueAnn Arbor Michigan48109‐1055
| | - Edmund F. Palermo
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering ProgramUniversity of Michigan, 930 North University AvenueAnn Arbor Michigan48109‐1055
| | - Anne M. LaPointe
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthaca New York14853‐1301
| | - Geoffrey W. Coates
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthaca New York14853‐1301
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering ProgramUniversity of Michigan, 930 North University AvenueAnn Arbor Michigan48109‐1055
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering ProgramUniversity of Michigan, 930 North University AvenueAnn Arbor Michigan48109‐1055
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33
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Aplan MP, Gomez ED. Recent Developments in Chain-Growth Polymerizations of Conjugated Polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa P. Aplan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Enrique D. Gomez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials
Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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34
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Ochiai Y, Goto E, Higashihara T. Controlled Synthesis of Poly(p
-phenylene) Using a Zincate Complex,
t
Bu4
ZnLi2. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Ochiai
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science; Yamagata University; 4-3-16 Jonan 992-8510 Japan
| | - Eisuke Goto
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science; Yamagata University; 4-3-16 Jonan 992-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science; Yamagata University; 4-3-16 Jonan 992-8510 Japan
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35
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Suganya S, Kim N, Jeong JY, Park JS. Benzotriazole-based donor-acceptor type low band gap polymers with a siloxane-terminated side-chain for electrochromic applications. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Pollit AA, Obhi NK, Lough AJ, Seferos DS. Evaluation of an external initiating Ni(ii) diimine catalyst for electron-deficient π-conjugated polymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00873b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared, isolated, and evaluated the first Ni(ii) diimine catalyst able to externally initiate the Kumada catalyst transfer polymerization of an electron-deficient π-conjugated monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. Pollit
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Nimrat K. Obhi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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37
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Mikami K, Nojima M, Masumoto Y, Mizukoshi Y, Takita R, Yokozawa T, Uchiyama M. Catalyst-dependent intrinsic ring-walking behavior on π-face of conjugated polymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01934j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The balance between the ring-walking process and the oxidative-addition state are key determinants of catalyst mobility in catalyst-transfer condensation polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masataka Nojima
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
| | - Yui Masumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Yoshihide Mizukoshi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Ryo Takita
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama 351-0198
- Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako-shi
- Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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38
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Verheyen L, Leysen P, Van Den Eede MP, Ceunen W, Hardeman T, Koeckelberghs G. Advances in the controlled polymerization of conjugated polymers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Smith ML, Leone AK, Zimmerman PM, McNeil AJ. Impact of Preferential π-Binding in Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation of Thiazole Derivatives. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1411-1415. [PMID: 35651203 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymerizing electron-deficient arenes in a controlled, chain-growth fashion remains a significant challenge despite a decade of research on catalyst-transfer polycondensation. The prevailing hypothesis is that the chain-growth mechanism stalls at a strongly associated metal-polymer π-complex, preventing catalyst turnover. To evaluate this hypothesis, we performed mechanistic studies using thiazole derivatives and identified approaches to improve their chain-growth polymerization. These studies revealed a surprisingly high barrier for chain-walking toward the reactive C-X bond. In addition, a competitive pathway involving chain-transfer to monomer was identified. This pathway is facilitated by ancillary ligand dissociation and N-coordination to the incoming monomer. We found that this chain-transfer pathway can be attenuated by using a rigid ancillary ligand, leading to an improved polymerization. Combined, these studies provide mechanistic insight into the challenges associated with electron-deficient monomers as well as ways to improve their living, chain-growth polymerization. Our mechanistic studies also revealed an unexpected radical anion-mediated oligomerization in the absence of catalyst, as well as a surprising oxidative addition into the thiazole C-S bond in a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell L. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Amanda K. Leone
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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40
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Leone AK, McNeil AJ. Matchmaking in Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation: Optimizing Catalysts based on Mechanistic Insight. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2822-2831. [PMID: 27936580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst-transfer polycondensation (CTP) has emerged as a useful living, chain-growth polymerization method for synthesizing conjugated (hetero)arene-based polymers with targetable molecular weights, narrow dispersities, and controllable copolymer sequences-all properties that significantly influence their performance in devices. Over the past decade, several phosphine- and carbene-ligated Ni- and Pd-based precatalysts have been shown to be effective in CTP. One current limitation is that these traditional CTP catalysts lead to nonliving, non-chain-growth behavior when complex monomer scaffolds are utilized. Because these monomers are often found in the highest-performing materials, there is a significant need to identify alternative CTP catalysts. Recent mechanistic insight into CTP has laid the foundation for designing new catalysts to expand the CTP monomer scope. Building off this insight, we have designed and implemented model systems to identify effective catalysts by understanding their underlying mechanistic behaviors and systematically modifying catalyst structures to improve their chain-growth behavior. In this Account, we describe how each catalyst parameter-the ancillary ligand(s), reactive ligand(s), and transition metal-influences CTP. As an example, ancillary ligands often dictate the turnover-limiting step of the catalytic cycle, and perhaps more importantly, they can be used to promote the formation of the key intermediate (a metal-arene associative complex) and its subsequent reactivity. The fidelity of this intermediate is central to the mechanism for the living, chain-growth polymerization. Reactive ligands, on the other hand, can be used to improve catalyst solubility and accelerate initiation. Additional advantages of the reactive ligand include providing access points for postpolymerization modification and synthesizing polymers directly off surfaces. While the most frequently used CTP catalysts contain nickel, palladium-based catalysts exhibit a higher functional group tolerance and broader substrate scope (e.g., monomers with boron, magnesium, tin, and gold transmetalating agents). Overall, we anticipate that applying the tools and lessons detailed in this Account to other monomers should facilitate a better "matchmaking" process that will lead to new catalyst-transfer polycondensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Leone
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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41
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Fronk SL, Shi Y, Siefrid M, Mai CK, McDowell C, Bazan GC. Chiroptical Properties of a Benzotriazole–Thiophene Copolymer Bearing Chiral Ethylhexyl Side Chains. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Fronk
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yueqin Shi
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Martin Siefrid
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Cheng-Kang Mai
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Caitlin McDowell
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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42
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Hardeman T, De Becker J, Koeckelberghs G. Influence of the halogen and organometallic function in a KCTP (Co)polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tine Hardeman
- Division of Polymer Chemistry & Materials; Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee Leuven 3001 Belgium
| | - Jasmine De Becker
- Division of Polymer Chemistry & Materials; Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee Leuven 3001 Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Division of Polymer Chemistry & Materials; Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee Leuven 3001 Belgium
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43
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Sanji T, Kakinuma J, Iyoda T. Synthesis of Multiarmed Thienylene–Tetrafluorophenylene Alternating Copolymers under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Sanji
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Junko Kakinuma
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Iyoda
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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44
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Shi Y, Mai CK, Fronk SL, Chen Y, Bazan GC. Optical Properties of Benzotriazole-Based Conjugated Polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Shi
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids (CPOS), Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Institute
of Polymers/College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu
Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
- College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, No. 2 Avenue, Gaojiaoyuan District, Xiasha, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Cheng-Kang Mai
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids (CPOS), Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Stephanie L. Fronk
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids (CPOS), Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Institute
of Polymers/College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu
Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids (CPOS), Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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45
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Singha Hazari A, Ray R, Hoque MA, Lahiri GK. Electronic Structure and Multicatalytic Features of Redox-Active Bis(arylimino)acenaphthene (BIAN)-Derived Ruthenium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8160-73. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Singha Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ritwika Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Md Asmaul Hoque
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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46
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Ye S, Steube M, Carrera EI, Seferos DS. What Limits the Molecular Weight and Controlled Synthesis of Poly(3-alkyltellurophene)s? Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Ye
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Marvin Steube
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, 10-14 Duesbergweg, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisa I. Carrera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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47
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Bedi A, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Koeckelberghs G. Detrimental Ni(0) transfer in Kumada catalyst transfer polycondensation of benzo[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Bedi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Research Institute for Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Mons-UMONS; Place Du Parc 23 B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Research Institute for Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Mons-UMONS; Place Du Parc 23 B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Heverlee Belgium
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48
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Zhang J, Liu S, Li A, Ye H, Li Z. Nickel(ii) complexes chelated by 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide: syntheses, characterization, and ethylene oligomerization. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00559d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ni(ii) complexes chelated by a neutral tridentate amide ligand are conveniently prepared and are highly active for ethylene oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- P. R. China
| | - Antai Li
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Hongqi Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Li
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- P. R. China
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49
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Sanji T, Nose K, Kakinuma J, Iyoda T. Transition-metal-free controlled polymerization of 2-polyfluorophenyl-5-trimethylsilylthiophenes: the substituent impact of fluorine. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free polymerization of a series of 2-polyfluorophenyl-5-trimethylsilylthiophenes promoted by fluoride anions is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Sanji
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated Material Project
- Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- and Frontier Research Center
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Keiji Nose
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated Material Project
- Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- and Frontier Research Center
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Junko Kakinuma
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated Material Project
- Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- and Frontier Research Center
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Tomokazu Iyoda
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated Material Project
- Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- and Frontier Research Center
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
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50
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Ouyang JS, Li YF, Shen DS, Ke Z, Liu FS. Bulky α-diimine palladium complexes: highly efficient for direct C–H bond arylation of heteroarenes under aerobic conditions. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:14919-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02544g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Through the strategy to enhance the bulkiness on both the backbone and the N-aryl moieties, we designed and synthesized a type of bulky α-diimine palladium complex (i.e., {[Ar–NC(R)–C(R)N–Ar]PdCl2, (Ar = 2-benzhydryl-4,6-dimethylphenyl)}, C1, R = H; C2, R = An; C3, R = Ph).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Sheng Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Zhongshan
- China
| | - Yan-Fang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Zhongshan
- China
| | - Dong-Sheng Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Zhongshan
- China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Feng-Shou Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Zhongshan
- China
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