1
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Nagata K, Omura H, Hashimoto H. Π-Character of Chromium Germylyne Complex in the Reactions with Enone, Butadiene, and Alkynes: Formation of Germacycles through [2+4] Cycloaddition with Conjugated Molecules. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300801. [PMID: 37804073 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Germylyne complex Cp*(OC)2 Cr≡Ge{C(SiMe3 )3 } (1) reacted with methyl vinyl ketone to give an η3 -allyl complex 2 with an oxagermacyclopentenyl ring. An analogous η3 -allyl complex 3 with a germacyclopentenyl ring was obtained by the reaction with butadiene, a non-polar conjugated molecule, under photoirradiation. These reactions are accompanied by cleavage of the Cr≡Ge triple bond. On the other hand, the reactions of complex 1 with alkynes under photoirradiation resulted in clean substitution of a CO ligand of 1 to afford (η2 -alkyne)germylyne complexes, where the Cr≡Ge triple bond is intact.
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Grants
- 15 K05444 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22H02088 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 19H04687 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21 K14638 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Nagata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Omura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hisako Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
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2
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Winslow C, Rathke P, Rittle J. Multielectron Bond Cleavage Processes Enabled by Redox-Responsive Phosphinimide Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17697-17704. [PMID: 37847032 PMCID: PMC10618924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The activation of small molecules via multielectron redox processes offers promise in mediating difficult transformations related to energy conversion processes. While molecular systems that engage in one- and two-electron redox processes are widespread, those that participate in the direct transfer of four or more electrons to small molecules are very rare. To that end, we report a mononuclear CrII complex competent for the 4-electron reduction of dioxygen (O2) and nitrosoarenes. These systems additionally engage in facile two-electron group transfer reactivity, including O atom excision and nitrene transfer. Structural, spectroscopic, and computational studies support bond activation processes that intimately occur at a mononuclear chromium(phosphinimide) center and highlight the unusual structural responsiveness of the phosphinimides in stabilizing a range of metal redox states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles
C. Winslow
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Paul Rathke
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan Rittle
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Rathke P, Rittle J. Four-Electron Oxidative Addition of an N=N Double Bond at a Chromium Metallocyclopropene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310482. [PMID: 37656893 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis of a pseudo-tetrahedral chromium alkyne complex supported by a bidentate phosphinimide ligand and its reactivity with an azobenzene derivative. Characterization of the former by structural and computational methods reveals an unprecedented extent of alkyne activation by a formal chromium(II) center, suggesting that this complex is best described as a chromium(IV)-metallocyclopropene. Exposure of this compound to 4,4'-difluoroazobenzene results in the formation of a chromium(VI) diimido complex, which constitutes a rare 4-electron oxidative addition of an N=N double bond. The isolation of a chromium(IV)-hydrazido intermediate enabled mechanistic investigations of this challenging bond cleavage process. This work substantiates the notion that terminal phosphinimide ligands can engender first-row transition metal ions with exceptional reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rathke
- College of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan Rittle
- College of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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4
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Leitner D, Wittwer B, Neururer FR, Seidl M, Wurst K, Tambornino F, Hohloch S. Expanding the Utility of β-Diketiminate Ligands in Heavy Group VI Chemistry of Molybdenum and Tungsten. Organometallics 2023; 42:1411-1424. [PMID: 37388273 PMCID: PMC10302891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of 17 molybdenum and tungsten complexes supported by the ubiquitous BDI ligand framework (BDI = β-diketiminate). The focal entry point is the synthesis of four molybdenum and tungsten(V) BDI complexes of the general formula [MO(BDIR)Cl2] [M = Mo, R = Dipp (1); M = W, R = Dipp (2); M = Mo, R = Mes (3); M = W, R = Mes (4)] synthesized by the reaction between MoOCl3(THF)2 or WOCl3(THF)2 and LiBDIR. Reactivity studies show that the BDIDipp complexes are excellent precursors toward adduct formation, reacting smoothly with dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and triethylphosphine oxide (OPEt3). No reaction with small phosphines has been observed, strongly contrasting the chemistry of previously reported rhenium(V) complexes. Additionally, the complexes 1 and 2 are good precursors for salt metathesis reactions. While 1 can be chemically reduced to the first stable example of a Mo(IV) BDI complex 15, reduction of 2 resulted in degradation of the BDI ligand via a nitrene transfer reaction, leading to MAD (4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino)pent-2-enide) supported tungsten(V) and tungsten(VI) complexes 16 and 17. All reported complexes have been thoroughly studied by VT-NMR and (heteronuclear) NMR spectroscopy, as well as UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leitner
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Benjamin Wittwer
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Florian R. Neururer
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Michael Seidl
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Frank Tambornino
- Fachbereich
Chemie and Wissenschaftlichen Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften
(WZMW), Phillips-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
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5
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Fan F, Zhao L, Luo M, Zeng X. Chromium-Catalyzed Selective Cross-Electrophile Coupling between Unactivated C(aryl)–F and C(aryl)–O Bonds. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lixing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Meiming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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6
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Alvarez S. From polygons to polyhedra through intermediate structures. A shape measures study of six-atom inorganic rings and clusters. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17101-17119. [PMID: 34779451 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the wealth of well-established molecular structures, inorganic rings and clusters present an overwhelming variety of geometries that chemists try to describe with a limited assortment of regular polygons and polyhedra. In the case of six-atom structures we usually employ the hexagon, the pentagonal pyramid, the trigonal prism and the octahedron. More often than not, however, real world structures deviate from those ideal geometries, and we try to cope with non-ideality by adding adjectives such as distorted, twisted, puckered or flattened, additionally nuanced by adverbs such as slightly, significantly or severely. This contribution presents a systematic structural perspective of six-atom groups in molecules by means of a continuous shape measures (CShM) analysis. The shape of a group of N points is defined by all the sets of 3 N Cartesian coordinates that can be generated by rigid translation, rotation, or isotropic scale change. Among all possible arrangements of N points in space, we select as reference shapes the corresponding regular N-vertex polygons and polyhedra, together with univocally defined combinations thereof (e.g., two coplanar or perpendicular edge-sharing squares). The present CShM study allows us to classify most of the structures not only by their closeness to a particular regular shape, but also by quantifying their position along minimal distortion interconversion pathways between two regular shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Alvarez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Müller I, Munz D, Werncke CG. Reactions of Alkynes with Quasi-Linear 3d Metal(I) Silylamides of Chromium to Cobalt: A Comparative Study. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9521-9537. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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8
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Kephart JA, Hecht Z, Livesay BN, Bhowmick I, Shores MP, Popescu VC, Arulsamy N, Hulley EB. Self-assembly of an organometallic Fe 9O 6 cluster from aerobic oxidation of (tmeda)Fe(CH 2tBu) 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4994-4997. [PMID: 32239066 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic oxidation of (tmeda)Fe(CH2tBu)2 in toluene or THF solution leads to the self-assembly of a magic-sized all-ferrous oxide cluster containing the Fe9O6 subunit and bearing organometallic and diamine ligands. Mössbauer studies of the cluster are consistent with an all-ferrous assignment and magnetometry reveals complex intracluster and intercluster magnetic interactions.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Kendall
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics; Oregon Health and Science University; 97201 Portland OR USA
| | - Michael T. Mock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Montana State University; 59717 Bozeman MT USA
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10
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Wind M, Hoof S, Herwig C, Braun‐Cula B, Limberg C. The Influence of Alkali Metal Ions on the Stability and Reactivity of Chromium(III) Superoxide Moieties Spanned by Siloxide Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:5743-5750. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐Louise Wind
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Santina Hoof
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Herwig
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Beatrice Braun‐Cula
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Limberg
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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11
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Zhu L, Ye JH, Duan M, Qi X, Yu DG, Bai R, Lan Y. The mechanism of copper-catalyzed oxytrifluoromethylation of allylamines with CO2: a computational study. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00838d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel Cu(i)–Cu(ii) catalytic cycle for the copper-catalyzed oxytrifluoromethylation of allylamines with CO2, which proceeds through a radical–radical cross-coupling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Jian-Heng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Meng Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
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12
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Vilella-Arribas L, García-Melchor M, Balcells D, Lledós A, López JA, Sancho S, Villarroya BE, del Río MP, Ciriano MA, Tejel C. Rhodium Complexes Promoting C−O Bond Formation in Reactions with Oxygen: The Role of Superoxo Species. Chemistry 2017; 23:5232-5243. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Vilella-Arribas
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Max García-Melchor
- School of Chemistry; Trinity College Dublin; College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - David Balcells
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC) and Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; P.O. Box 1033, Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - José A. López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálsis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC Universidad de Zaragoza; Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Sofía Sancho
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálsis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC Universidad de Zaragoza; Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - B. Eva Villarroya
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálsis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC Universidad de Zaragoza; Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - M. Pilar del Río
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálsis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC Universidad de Zaragoza; Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ciriano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálsis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC Universidad de Zaragoza; Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Cristina Tejel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálsis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC Universidad de Zaragoza; Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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13
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Yousif M, Cabelof AC, Martin PD, Lord RL, Groysman S. Synthesis of a mononuclear, non-square-planar chromium(ii) bis(alkoxide) complex and its reactivity toward organic carbonyls and CO2. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9794-804. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rare non-square-planar mononuclear Cr(ii) bis(alkoxide) complex Cr(OR′)2(THF)2 is reported and its reactivity with organic carbonyls and CO2 is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yousif
- Department of Chemistry
- Wayne State University
- Detroit
- USA
| | - Alyssa C. Cabelof
- Department of Chemistry
- Wayne State University
- Detroit
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Richard L. Lord
- Department of Chemistry
- Grand Valley State University
- Allendale
- USA
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14
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Akturk ES, Yap GPA, Theopold KH. Dioxygen Activation by Non-Adiabatic Oxidative Addition to a Single Metal Center. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14974-7. [PMID: 26473394 PMCID: PMC4894523 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A chromium(I) dinitrogen complex reacts rapidly with O2 to form the mononuclear dioxo complex [Tp(tBu,Me)Cr(V)(O)2] (Tp(tBu,Me) = hydrotris(3-tert-butyl-5-methylpyrazolyl)borate), whereas the analogous reaction with sulfur stops at the persulfido complex [Tp(tBu,Me)Cr(III)(S2)]. The transformation of the putative peroxo intermediate [Tp(tBu,Me)Cr(III)(O2)] (S = 3/2) into [Tp(tBu,Me)Cr(V)(O)2] (S = 1/2) is spin-forbidden. The minimum-energy crossing point for the two potential energy surfaces has been identified. Although the dinuclear complex [(Tp(tBu,Me)Cr)2(μ-O)2] exists, mechanistic experiments suggest that O2 activation occurs on a single metal center, by an oxidative addition on the quartet surface followed by crossover to the doublet surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eser S Akturk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 (USA)
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 (USA)
| | - Klaus H Theopold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 (USA).
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15
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Akturk ES, Yap GPA, Theopold KH. Mechanism-based design of labile precursors for chromium(I) chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15402-5. [PMID: 26344782 PMCID: PMC4893307 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05993c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dinitrogen complexes of the type Tp(R,R)Cr-N2-CrTp(R,R) are not the most labile precursors for Cr(i) chemistry, as they are sterically protected from obligatory associative ligand substitution. A mononuclear alkyne complex - Tp(tBu,Me)Cr(η(2)-C2(SiMe3)2) - proved to be much more reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eser S Akturk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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16
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Akturk ES, Yap GPA, Theopold KH. Dioxygen Activation by Non‐Adiabatic Oxidative Addition to a Single Metal Center. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eser S. Akturk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 (USA)
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 (USA)
| | - Klaus H. Theopold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 (USA)
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17
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Zhao P, Lei H, Ni C, Guo JD, Kamali S, Fettinger JC, Grandjean F, Long GJ, Nagase S, Power PP. Quasi-three-coordinate iron and cobalt terphenoxide complexes {Ar(iPr8)OM(μ-O)}2 (Ar(iPr8) = C6H-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-(i)Pr3)2-3,5-(i)Pr2; M = Fe or Co) with M(III)2(μ-O)2 core structures and the peroxide dimer of 2-oxepinoxy relevant to benzene oxidation. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8914-22. [PMID: 26331405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bis(μ-oxo) dimeric complexes {Ar(iPr8)OM(μ-O)}2 (Ar(iPr8) = C6H-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-(i)Pr3)2-3,5-(i)Pr2; M = Fe (1), Co (2)) were prepared by oxidation of the M(I) half-sandwich complexes {Ar(iPr8)M(η(6)-arene)} (arene = benzene or toluene). Iron species 1 was prepared by reacting {Ar(iPr8)Fe(η(6)-benzene)} with N2O or O2, and cobalt species 2 was prepared by reacting {Ar(iPr8)Co(η(6)-toluene)} with O2. Both 1 and 2 were characterized by X-ray crystallography, UV-vis spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and, in the case of 1, Mössbauer spectroscopy. The solid-state structures of both compounds reveal unique M2(μ-O)2 (M = Fe (1), Co(2)) cores with formally three-coordinate metal ions. The Fe···Fe separation in 1 bears a resemblance to that in the Fe2(μ-O)2 diamond core proposed for the methane monooxygenase intermediate Q. The structural differences between 1 and 2 are reflected in rather differing magnetic behavior. Compound 2 is thermally unstable, and its decomposition at room temperature resulted in the oxidation of the Ar(iPr8) ligand via oxygen insertion and addition to the central aryl ring of the terphenyl ligand to produce the 5,5'-peroxy-bis[4,6-(i)Pr2-3,7-bis(2,4,6-(i)Pr3-phenyl)oxepin-2(5H)-one] (3). The structure of the oxidized terphenyl species is closely related to that of a key intermediate proposed for the oxidation of benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hao Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Chengbao Ni
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jing-Dong Guo
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University , Takano-Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Saeed Kamali
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Fernande Grandjean
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, University of Missouri , Rolla, Missouri 65409-0010, United States
| | - Gary J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, University of Missouri , Rolla, Missouri 65409-0010, United States
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University , Takano-Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Philip P Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
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18
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Kurahashi T. Reverse Catalase Reaction: Dioxygen Activation via Two-Electron Transfer from Hydroxide to Dioxygen Mediated By a Manganese(III) Salen Complex. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8356-66. [PMID: 26347290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although atmospheric dioxygen is regarded as the most ideal oxidant, O2 activation for use in oxygenation reactions intrinsically requires a costly sacrificial reductant. The present study investigated the use of aqueous alkaline solution for O2 activation. A manganese(III) salen complex, Mn(III)(salen)(Cl), in toluene reacts with aqueous KOH solution under aerobic conditions, which yields a di-μ-oxo dimanganese(IV) salen complex, [Mn(IV)(salen)]2(μ-O)2. The (18)O isotope experiments show that (18)O2 is indeed activated to give [Mn(IV)(salen)]2(μ-(18)O)2 via a peroxide intermediate. Interestingly, the (18)OH(-) ion in H2(18)O was also incorporated to yield [Mn(IV)(salen)]2(μ-(18)O)2, which implies that a peroxide species is also generated from (18)OH(-). The addition of benzyl alcohol as a stoichiometric reductant selectively inhibits the (18)O incorporation from (18)OH(-), indicating that the reaction of Mn(III)(salen)(Cl) with OH(-) supplies the electrons for O2 reduction. The conversion of both O2 and OH(-) to a peroxide species is exactly the reverse of a catalase-like reaction, which has a great potential as the most efficient O2 activation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the reaction of Mn(III)(salen)(Cl) with OH(-) generates a transient species with strong reducing ability, which effects the reduction of O2 by means of a manganese(II) intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kurahashi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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Chatterjee I, Saha Chowdhury N, Ghosh P, Goswami S. Octacoordinated Dioxo-Molybdenum Complex via Formal Oxidative Addition of Molecular Oxygen. Studies of Chemical Reactions Between M(CO)6 (M = Cr, Mo) and 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-6-(pyridin-2-ylazo)-phenol. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:5257-65. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Chatterjee
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Nabanita Saha Chowdhury
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Pradip Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Sreebrata Goswami
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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20
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Neu HM, Jung J, Baglia RA, Siegler MA, Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S, Goldberg DP. Light-driven, proton-controlled, catalytic aerobic C-H oxidation mediated by a Mn(III) porphyrinoid complex. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4614-7. [PMID: 25839905 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The visible light-driven, catalytic aerobic oxidation of benzylic C-H bonds was mediated by a Mn(III) corrolazine complex. To achieve catalytic turnovers, a strict selective requirement for the addition of protons was established. The resting state of the catalyst was unambiguously characterized by X-ray diffraction as [Mn(III)(H2O)(TBP8Cz(H))](+), in which a single, remote site on the ligand is protonated. If two remote sites are protonated, however, reactivity with O2 is shut down. Spectroscopic methods revealed that the related Mn(V)(O) complex is also protonated at the same remote site at -60 °C, but undergoes valence tautomerization upon warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Neu
- †Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jieun Jung
- ‡Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Regina A Baglia
- †Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- †Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- ‡Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- ‡Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,§Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - David P Goldberg
- †Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Samuel PP, Neufeld R, Chandra Mondal K, Roesky HW, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Rojisha VC, De S, Parameswaran P, Stückl AC, Kaim W, Christian JH, Bindra JK, Dalal NS. Cr(i)Cl as well as Cr + are stabilised between two cyclic alkyl amino carbenes. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3148-3153. [PMID: 28706686 PMCID: PMC5490427 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00646e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexes with two and three coordinate chromium(i).
Cr(i)Cl is a very unstable species. The present work describes the stabilisation of Cr(i)Cl in the low coordinate environment of cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene ligands and its synthetic application to yield an unprecedented cationic complex with a two coordinate Cr(i). One electron reduction of (cAAC)2CrCl2 (1) with equivalent amount of KC8 results in the formation of (cAAC)2CrCl (2), with a distorted trigonal planar configuration at the metal centre. SQUID, EPR and theoretical studies reveal a Cr(i) centre with S = 5/2 spin ground state for 2. It represents the first example of a mononuclear Cr complex showing slow relaxation of magnetisation under an applied magnetic field. The chlorine atom in 2 is expected to be prone to further reactions with appropriate reagents. This qualifies 2 as a promising precursor for the preparation of various interesting complexes with Cr(i) in a low coordinate environment. The first example of this metathesis reaction is observed when 2 is treated with Na[B(C6H3(CF3)2)4] resulting in [(cAAC)2Cr]+[B(C6H3(CF3)2)4]–, a linear cationic complex with two coordinate Cr(i) and an S = 5/2 spin ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinson P Samuel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Roman Neufeld
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Kartik Chandra Mondal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Vallyanga Chalil Rojisha
- Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology Calicut , 673601 , Kerala , India . ; Tel: +91-495-228-5304
| | - Susmita De
- Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology Calicut , 673601 , Kerala , India . ; Tel: +91-495-228-5304
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology Calicut , 673601 , Kerala , India . ; Tel: +91-495-228-5304
| | - A Claudia Stückl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , D-70569 , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Jonathan H Christian
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306-4930 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-850-644-3398
| | - Jasleen K Bindra
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306-4930 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-850-644-3398
| | - Naresh S Dalal
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306-4930 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-850-644-3398.,National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306 , USA
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Ling L, Liu K, Li X, Li Y. General Reaction Mode of Hypervalent Iodine Trifluoromethylation Reagent: A Density Functional Theory Study. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501892s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ling
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- College
of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xinqian Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yuxue Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Schax F, Bill E, Herwig C, Limberg C. Dioxygen Activation by Siloxide Complexes of Chromium(II) and Chromium(IV). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schax F, Bill E, Herwig C, Limberg C. Dioxygen Activation by Siloxide Complexes of Chromium(II) and Chromium(IV). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12741-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Morris WD, Wolczanski PT, Sutter J, Meyer K, Cundari TR, Lobkovsky EB. Iron and chromium complexes containing tridentate chelates based on nacnac and imino- and methyl-pyridine components: triggering C-X bond formation. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7467-84. [PMID: 25010819 DOI: 10.1021/ic500807y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nacnac-based tridentate ligands containing a pyridyl-methyl and a 2,6-dialkyl-phenylamine (i.e., (2,6-R2-C6H3N═C(Me)CH═C(Me)NH(CH2py); R = Et, {Et(nn)PM}H; R = (i)Pr, {(i)Pr(nn)PM}H) were synthesized by condensation routes. Treatment of M{N(TMS)2}THFn (M = Cr, n = 2; M = Fe, Co, n = 1; TMS = trimethylsilane; THF = tetrahydrofuran) with {(i)Pr(nn)PM}H) afforded {(i)Pr(nn)PM}MN(TMS)2 (1-M(iPr); M = Cr, Fe); {Et(nn)PM}MN(TMS)2 (1-M(Et); M = Fe, Co) was similarly obtained. {R(nn)PM}FeBr (R = (i)Pr, Et; 2-Fe(R)) were prepared from FeBr2 and {R(nn)PM}Li, and alkylated to generate {R(nn)PM}Fe(neo)Pe (R = (i)Pr, Et; 3-Fe(R)). Carbonylation of 3-Fe(R) provided {(i)Pr(nn)PM}Fe(CO(neo)Pe)CO (4-Fe(iPr)), and carbonylations of 1-Fe(R) (R = Et, (i)Pr) and 1-Cr(iPr) induced deamination to afford {R(nn)PI}Fe(CO)2 (R = (i)Pr, 5-Fe(iPr); Et, 5-Fe(Et)), where PI is pyridine-imine, and {κ(2)-N,N-pyrim-pyr}Cr(CO)4 (6-Cr(iPr)), in which the aryl-amide side of the nacnac attacked the incipient PI group. Carbon-carbon bonds were formed at the imine carbon of the {R(nn)PI} ligand. Addition of [{(i)Pr(nn)PI}(2-)](K(+)(THF)x)2 to FeCl3 generated {(i)Pr(nn)CHpy}2Fe2Cl2 (7-Fe(iPr)), and TMSN3 induced the deamination of 1-Fe(Et), but with disproportionation to provide {[Et(nn)CHpy]2}Fe (8-Fe(Et)). Ph2CN2 induced C-C bond formation with 1-Fe(iPr) via its thermal degradation to ultimately afford {(i)Pr(nn)CHpy}2(FeN═CPh2)2 (9-Fe(iPr)). The compounds were examined by X-ray crystallography (1-M(iPr), M = Cr, Fe; 1-Co(Et); 2-Fe(iPr); 4-Fe(iPr); 5-Fe(iPr); 6-Cr(iPr); 7-Fe(iPr); 8-Fe(Et); 9-Fe(iPr)), Mössbauer spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. Structural parameters assessing redox noninnocence are discussed, as are structural and mechanistic consequences of the various electronic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley D Morris
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Williams VA, Wolczanski PT, Sutter J, Meyer K, Lobkovsky EB, Cundari TR. Iron complexes derived from {nacnac-(CH2py)2}- and {nacnac-(CH2py)(CHpy)}n ligands: stabilization of iron(II) via redox noninnocence. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:4459-74. [PMID: 24762120 DOI: 10.1021/ic5001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nacnac-based tetradentate chelates, {nacnac-(CH2py)2}(-) ({nn(PM)2}(-)) and {nacnac-(CH2py)(CHpy)}(n) ({nn(PM)(PI)}(n)) have been investigated in iron complexes. Treatment of Fe{N(TMS)2}2(THF) with {nn(PM)2}H afforded {nn(PM)2}FeN(TMS)2 [1-N(TMS)2], which led to {nn(PM)2}FeCl (1-Cl) from HCl and to {nn(PM)2}FeN3 (1-N3) upon salt metathesis. Dehydroamination of 1-N(TMS)2 was induced by L (L = PMe3, CO) to afford {nn(PM)(PI)}Fe(PMe3)2 [2-(PMe3)2] and {nn(PM)(PI)}FeCO (3-CO). Substitution of 2-(PMe3)2 led to {nn(PM)(PI)}Fe(PMe3)CO [2-(PMe3)CO], and exposure to a vacuum provided {nn(PM)(PI)}Fe(PMe3) (3-PMe3). Metathesis routes to {nn(PM)(PI)}FeL2 (2-L2; L = PMe3, PMe2Ph) and {nn(PM)(PI)}FeL (3-L; L = PMePh2, PPh3) from [{nn(PM)(PI)}(2-)]Li2 and FeBr2(THF)2 in the presence of L proved feasible, and 1e(-) and 2e(-) oxidation of 2-(PMe3)2 afforded 2(+)-(PMe3)2 and 2(2+)-(PMe3)2 salts. Mössbauer spectroscopy, structural studies, and calculational assessments revealed the dominance of iron(II) in both high-spin (1-X) and low-spin (2-L2 and 3-L) environments, and the redox noninnocence (RNI) of {nn(PM)(PI)}(n) [2-L2, 3-L, n = 2-; 2(+)-(PMe3)2, n = 1-; 2(2+)-(PMe3)2, n = 0]. A discussion regarding the utility of RNI in chemical reactivity is proffered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Williams
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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