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Dishi O, Rahav Y, Gidron O. π-Conjugated oligofuran macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:522-529. [PMID: 38109063 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05225g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article overviews a new class of π-conjugated materials - macrocyclic furans. Starting from their synthesis, we review their unique structural, optical and electronic properties, chemical reactivity, and potential application as synthons. Finally, we discuss the study of oligofuran macrocycles as a model system for exploring the concept of global aromaticity and the size limitation of Hückel's rule in neutral macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Dishi
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Yuval Rahav
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ori Gidron
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
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2
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Sato R, Utagawa A, Fushimi K, Li F, Isono T, Tajima K, Satoh T, Sato SI, Hirata H, Kikkawa Y, Yamamoto T. Molecular Weight-Dependent Oxidation and Optoelectronic Properties of Defect-Free Macrocyclic Poly(3-hexylthiophene). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030666. [PMID: 36771966 PMCID: PMC9920727 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The redox behaviors of macrocyclic molecules with an entirely π-conjugated system are of interest due to their unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. In this study, defect-free cyclic P3HT with a degree of polymerization (DPn) from 14 to 43 was synthesized based on our previously established method, and its unique redox behaviors arising from the cyclic topology were investigated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that the HOMO level of cyclic P3HT decreases from -4.86 eV (14 mer) to -4.89 eV (43 mer), in contrast to the linear counterparts increasing from -4.94 eV (14 mer) to -4.91 eV (43 mer). During the CV measurement, linear P3HT suffered from electro-oxidation at the chain ends, while cyclic P3HT was stable. ESR and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy suggested that cyclic P3HT has stronger dicationic properties due to the interactions between the polarons. On the other hand, linear P3HT showed characteristics of polaron pairs with multiple isolated polarons. Moreover, the dicationic properties of cyclic P3HT were more pronounced for the smaller macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Sato
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Atsuo Utagawa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Koji Fushimi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Feng Li
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Sato
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
- Correspondence:
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3
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Li E, Lyu CK, Chen C, Xie H, Zhang J, Lam JWY, Tang BZ, Lin N. On-surface synthesis and spontaneous segregation of conjugated tetraphenylethylene macrocycles. Commun Chem 2022; 5:174. [PMID: 36697742 PMCID: PMC9814618 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Creating conjugated macrocycles has attracted extensive research interest because their unique chemical and physical properties, such as conformational flexibility, intrinsic inner cavities and aromaticity/antiaromaticity, make these systems appealing building blocks for functional supramolecular materials. Here, we report the synthesis of four-, six- and eight-membered tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based macrocycles on Ag(111) via on-surface Ullmann coupling reactions. The as-synthesized macrocycles are spontaneously segregated on the surface and self-assemble as large-area two-dimensional mono-component supramolecular crystals, as characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We propose that the synthesis benefits from the conformational flexibility of the TPE backbone in distinctive multi-step reaction pathways. This study opens up opportunities for exploring the photophysical properties of TPE-based macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Li
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Kun Lyu
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengyi Chen
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huilin Xie
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky Wing Yip Lam
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Nian Lin
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Dishi O, Rahav Y, Carmieli R, Gidron O. A Macrocyclic Furan with Accessible Oxidation States: Switching Between Aromatic and Antiaromatic Global Ring Currents. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202082. [PMID: 35932151 PMCID: PMC9826138 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic furans are predicted to switch between global aromaticity and antiaromaticity, depending on their oxidation states. However, the macrocyclic furans reported to date are stabilized by electron withdrawing groups, which result in inaccessible oxidation states. To circumvent this problem, a post-macrocyclization approach was applied to introduce methylene-substituted macrocyclic furans, which display an extremely low oxidation potential of -0.23 vs. Fc/Fc+ , and are partially oxidized in ambient conditions. Additional oxidation to the dication results in aromaticity switching to a global 30πe- aromatic state, as indicated by the formation of a strong diatropic current observed in the 1 H NMR spectrum. NICS and ACID calculations support this trend and provide evidence for a different pathway for the global current in the neutral and dicationic states. According to these findings, macrocyclic furans can be rendered as promising p-type materials with stable oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Dishi
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemEdmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Yuval Rahav
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemEdmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Raanan Carmieli
- Chemical Research Support UnitWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot7610001Israel
| | - Ori Gidron
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemEdmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem9190401Israel
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5
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Shimizu H, Huang P, Isomura E, Nishinaga T, Iyoda M. π-Extended Macrocyclic Oligothiophene Heptamer and Tetradecamer: Ringsize Effects on the Physical Properties and Morphological Features. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Pochi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Eigo Isomura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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6
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Ma C, Li J, Zhang S, Duan W, Zeng Q. Progress in self-assemblies of macrocycles at the liquid/solid interface. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:382001. [PMID: 34098536 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac08bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic self-assemblies have gained great interest for diversified structures and potential applications, such as catalysis, magnetism, photovoltaic devices, organic light-emitting diodes. Macrocycles can present regular assembly systems at the liquid/solid interface due to theπ-conjugated structures. Furthermore, suitable guest molecules can be selected for constructing multi-component supramolecular co-assemblies. This review mainly summarizes macrocyclic self-assembly structures with different shapes in recent years. All of the studies are completed with the assistance of scanning tunneling microscope at the liquid/solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotonng University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotonng University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotonng University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wubiao Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotonng University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectonics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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7
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Zhang S, Cheng L, Chen C, Li J, Li X, Zhang M, Cheng F, Xiao X, Deng K, Zeng Q. Controlled Construction of an Exquisite Three-Component Co-assembly Supramolecular Structure at the Liquid-Solid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2153-2160. [PMID: 33527825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A three-component supramolecular co-assembly structure formed at the liquid-solid interface by employing a shape-persistent π-conjugated macrocycle (16mer) and two guest molecules (COR and C60) is demonstrated. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observations revealed that 16mer can serve as a versatile host molecule that can co-assemble with both COR and C60 guest molecules to form stable two-component structures, where the COR guest molecule filled in the gap between the side chains of adjacent 16mer molecules, and the C60 guest molecule entered the inner cavity of 16mer. It was found that the adding sequence of COR and C60 guest molecules is crucial to the resulting co-adsorption structure in the three-component system. To obtain the intriguing 16mer-COR-C60 three-component co-assembly structure, the 16mer and COR two-component co-assembly structure should first be constructed on a HOPG surface, followed by addition of C60. Based on the analysis of the STM results and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the formation mechanism of the assembled structures was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Linxiu Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Faliang Cheng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Xunwen Xiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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8
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Shirahata K, Takashika M, Hirabayashi K, Hasegawa M, Otani H, Yamamoto K, Ie Y, Shimizu T, Aoyagi S, Iyoda M. Reduction of Ethynylenes to Vinylenes in a Macrocyclic π-Extended Thiophene Skeleton Under McMurry Coupling Conditions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:302-309. [PMID: 33290650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
McMurry coupling is one of the most useful and convenient tools for the preparation of π-conjugated molecules. However, for the synthesis of strained macrocycles containing ethynylene linkages, reduction of ethynylene to vinylene linkage sometimes took place. Especially, for the synthesis of macrocyclic π-extended thiophene hexamers using McMurry coupling of dialdehyde 1 composed of three thienylene, two ethynylene, and two formyl groups, reduction of ethynylenes to vinylenes often takes place to produce unique products in a one-pot procedure, depending on very small steric and electronic effects such as reaction temperature, amounts of titanium reagent, and substituents of thiophene hexamers. The attractive structures and functional properties of reduced thiophene hexamers have been determined using X-ray analysis and OFET measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Shirahata
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masataka Takashika
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hirabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Otani
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yamamoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Toshio Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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9
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Miura T, Nakamuro T, Ishihara Y, Nagata Y, Murakami M. Chiral Macrocycles Having C 3 Symmetry Resulting from Orientation of Thiophene Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20475-20479. [PMID: 32770591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An chiral RhII -catalyzed cyclooligomerization reaction of thiophenes having triazolyl and vinyl substituents at the 2- and 4-positions was studied. Structurally interesting cyclic trimers, having chirality that is ascribed only to the orientation of the 2,4-disubstituted thiophene rings, are obtained. The 2,4-disubstitution of the starting thiophene monomer allows production of each of the enantiomers. The observed electronic circular-dichroism spectra are in accord with those simulated by density-functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamuro
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yumi Ishihara
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,Present address: Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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10
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Miura T, Nakamuro T, Ishihara Y, Nagata Y, Murakami M. Chiral Macrocycles Having
C
3
Symmetry Resulting from Orientation of Thiophene Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Kyoto University, Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamuro
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Kyoto University, Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- Present address: Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yumi Ishihara
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Kyoto University, Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Kyoto University, Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- Present address: Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Kyoto University, Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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11
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Tashiro S, Shimizu S, Kuritani M, Shionoya M. Protonation-induced self-assembly of bis-phenanthroline macrocycles into nanofibers arrayed with tetrachloroaurate, hexachloroplatinate or phosphomolybdate ions. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13948-13953. [PMID: 33047767 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03287e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional self-assembly of macrocycles is one of the important strategies for constructing fibrous nanomaterials with anisotropic functions such as one-dimensional transport and accumulation of molecules and ions. Herein we report on the synthesis and properties of self-assembled nanofibers using macrocycles to develop a multipurpose template for one-dimensional array of noble metal ions. The nanofibers were prepared by protonation-induced self-assembly of bis-phenanthroline macrocycles, which have enabled the accumulation of some metal-containing anions, such as tetrachloroaurate, hexachloroplatinate and phosphomolybdate. Microscopic observations have demonstrated that the supramolecular nanofibers were reproducibly formed in a similar way, regardless of the structures and charge numbers of the anions. Moreover, the resulting nanofibers, arrayed with several metal ions, were chemically reduced, producing dispersible gold nanoparticles and mixed-valence nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Shun Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Masumi Kuritani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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12
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Iyoda M, Takashika M, Hasegawa M, Otani H, Mizuno S, Miwa K, Kariya W, Fujiwara T, Shimizu H, Aoyagi S. Reversible Color and Shape Changes of Nanostructured Fibers of a Macrocyclic π-Extended Thiophene Hexamer Promoted by Adsorption and Desorption of Organic Vapor. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13662-13666. [PMID: 32693586 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A phenyl-substituted macrocyclic π-extended thiophene hexamer 1, composed of four thienylene-ethynylene and two thienylene-vinylene units, has a solid-state structure in which π-π, CH-π, and van der Waals interactions occur. Slow addition of acetone to a solution of 1 in CS2 produces a yellow nanostructured fiber 1-A containing a 1:1.5:1 ratio of 1, acetone, and CS2. Over a 2 min period at 25 °C, 1-A gradually changes to an orange fiber 1-B containing a 1:0.5:1 ratio of 1, acetone, and CS2. On exposure to acetone vapor, 1-B regenerates 1-A (vapochromism), and removal of all solvents from 1-A and 1-B generates a red-orange fiber 1-C, which upon brief immersion in acetone/CS2 produces 1-A. Furthermore, 1-C is converted to orange yellow fiber 1-D upon exposure to acetone vapor for 1 s at 25 °C. Analysis of the horizontal and vertical profiles of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns shows that removal of solvent from 1-A reversibly creates 1-B in conjunction with a shape and size change along with arching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masataka Takashika
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Otani
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Saori Mizuno
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhira Miwa
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - Wakana Kariya
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
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13
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Fujiwara T, Muranaka A, Nishinaga T, Aoyagi S, Kobayashi N, Uchiyama M, Otani H, Iyoda M. Preparation, Spectroscopic Characterization and Theoretical Study of a Three-Dimensional Conjugated 70 π-Electron Thiophene 6-mer Radical Cation π-Dimer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5933-5937. [PMID: 32105450 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A radical cation, generated from an extended π-conjugated thiophene 6-mer composed of four ethynylene-thienylene and two vinylene-thienylene units, was observed to form a stable three-dimensional π-dimer containing 70 π-electrons. The π-dimer prepared in solution was investigated by using magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), ESR spectroscopy, and UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. Probing the individual NIR absorption bands showed that the MCD signals can be assigned to the pseudo Faraday A term, indicating that the absorption bands are comprised of nearly degenerate electronic transitions. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the π-dimer has a three-dimensional face-to-face and continuous π-conjugated donutlike structure. Analysis of the UV-vis-NIR and ESR spectra of the π-dimer in the solid state confirmed that it possesses the dimer structure. The prediction made by using TD-DFT calculations that the dimer would have a 70 π-electron diatropic nature was confirmed by using solid state 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Otani
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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14
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Fujiwara T, Takashika M, Hasegawa M, Ie Y, Aso Y, Aoyagi S, Otani H, Iyoda M. Small Structural Changes in the Alkyl Substituents of Macrocyclic π-Extended Thiophene Oligomers Causes a Key Effect on Their Stacking and Functional Properties. Chempluschem 2020; 84:694-703. [PMID: 31944018 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three new macrocyclic π-extended thiophene hexamers composed of four thienylene-ethynylene and two thienylene-vinylene units with or without four alkyl substituents have been synthesized. Despite similar shape-persistent structures in solution, the alkyl substituents control the solid-state structures and morphologies. The unsubstituted hexamer exhibited a planar conformation with a theoretically predicted structure in the solid state; however, the planar hexamer with four ethyl substituents formed a closely stacked columnar crystal structure to exhibit π-π interactions. Interestingly, the hexamer with four butyl substituents adopted both planar and twisted conformations in the solid state, exhibiting polymorphism based on induced-fit stacking of molecules. Thus, the butyl-substituted hexamer produces a mixture of yellow, orange, and red single crystals from toluene/acetone, and X-ray analysis revealed six different conformations. Consequently, the small structural difference in the macrocycles causes a key effect on their functional properties in the solid state, and their morphology governs electrical conductivity and organic field-effect-transistor activity. The polymorphism of the hexamers was applied to the switching of film morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masataka Takashika
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- School of Science, Kitasato University Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Otani
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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15
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Si Y, Yang G. The photophysical properties of cycloparaphenylene-based compounds with figure-eight configurations. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02637a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nine macrocyclic compounds with figure-eight shape, containing different electron-donors or acceptors, were investigated to gain the viable strategy for improving the second-order NLO response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Si
- College of Resource and Environmental Science
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- China
| | - Guochun Yang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research
- Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
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16
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Miki K, Ohe K. π‐Conjugated Macrocycles Bearing Angle‐Strained Alkynes. Chemistry 2019; 26:2529-2575. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
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17
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Sajid H, Ayub K, Mahmood T. A comprehensive DFT study on the sensing abilities of cyclic oligothiophenes (nCTs). NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01894h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Linear conducting polymers are extensively studied as sensors for various analytes, whereas studies on cyclic analogues are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Sajid
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS University Islamabad
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS University Islamabad
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS University Islamabad
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
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18
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Cojal González JD, Iyoda M, Rabe JP. Reversible Photoisomerization of Monolayers of π-Expanded Oligothiophene Macrocycles at Solid-Liquid Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17038-17042. [PMID: 30378740 PMCID: PMC6582435 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Self‐assembled monolayers of a π‐expanded oligothiophene macrocycle undergo photoisomerization between their Z,Z and E,E diastereomers at the interface between octanoic acid solutions and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The switching process proceeds in situ at the solid–liquid interface and was followed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Upon illumination with light at 365 nm (546 nm), a monolayer of Z,Z‐8mer (E,E‐8mer) photoisomerizes to the E,E‐8mer (Z,Z‐8mer) form with changes in 2D hexagonal packing. These findings provide insight towards the design of photoresponsive surfaces with desirable optoelectronic and structural (host–guest) properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- José D Cojal González
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jürgen P Rabe
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Cojal González JD, Iyoda M, Rabe JP. Reversible Photoisomerization of Monolayers of π‐Expanded Oligothiophene Macrocycles at Solid–Liquid Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José D. Cojal González
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Newtonstr. 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Jürgen P. Rabe
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Newtonstr. 15 12489 Berlin Germany
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20
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Hasegawa M, Takahashi K, Inoue R, Haga S, Mazaki Y. Selenacalix[4]dithienothiophene: Synthesis, Structure, and Complexation of a Cyclic Tetramer of Selenide‐Bridging Dithienothiophene. Chem Asian J 2018; 14:1647-1650. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKitasato University 1–15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKitasato University 1–15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Ryota Inoue
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKitasato University 1–15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Shiori Haga
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKitasato University 1–15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKitasato University 1–15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
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21
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Chiu ST, Chiang HY, Lin YJ, Lu YY, Tanaka H, Hosokai T, Horie M. Self-assembly and ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclic conjugated molecules on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5546-5549. [PMID: 29761181 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02224k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic conjugated monomers comprising cyclopentadithiophene-vinylene trimers and their polymers on HOPG are observed using STM and AFM. ROMP of the monomers is performed using a Grubbs catalyst. Their STM images exhibit single chains of planar polymers, whereas their AFM images show elongation of the polymer chains on HOPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ting Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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22
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Shimizu H, Park KH, Otani H, Aoyagi S, Nishinaga T, Aso Y, Kim D, Iyoda M. A Saturn-Like Complex Composed of Macrocyclic Oligothiophene and C 60 Fullerene: Structure, Stability, and Photophysical Properties in Solution and the Solid State. Chemistry 2018; 24:3793-3801. [PMID: 29315942 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A Saturn-like 1:1 complex composed of macrocyclic oligothiophene E-8T7A and C60 fullerene (C60 ) was synthesized to investigate the interaction between macrocyclic oligothiophenes and C60 in solution and the solid state. Because the Saturn-like 1:1 complex E-8T7A⋅C60 is mainly stabilized by van der Waals interactions between C60 and the sulfur atoms of the E-8T7A macrocycle, C60 is rather weakly incorporated inside the macro-ring in solution. However, in the solid state the Saturn-like 1:1 complex preferentially formed single crystals or nanostructured polymorphs. Interestingly, X-ray analysis and theoretical calculations exhibited hindered rotation of C60 in the Saturn-like complex due to interactions between C60 and the sulfur atoms. Furthermore, the photoinduced charge transfer (CT) interaction between E-8T7A and C60 in solution was investigated by using femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The ultrafast TA spectral changes in the photoinduced absorption bands were attributed to the CT process in the Saturn-like structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for, Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hiroyuki Otani
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 767-0047, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for, Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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23
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Sakamaki D, Ito A, Tsutsui Y, Seki S. Tetraaza[14]- and Octaaza[18]paracyclophane: Synthesis and Characterization of Their Neutral and Cationic States. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13348-13358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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24
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Takahashi N, Kato SI, Yamaji M, Ueno M, Iwabuchi R, Shimizu Y, Nitani M, Ie Y, Aso Y, Yamanobe T, Uehara H, Nakamura Y. Tetraalkoxyphenanthrene-Fused Hexadecadehydro[20]- and Tetracosadehydro[30]annulenes: Syntheses, Aromaticity/Antiaromaticity, Electronic Properties, and Self-Assembly. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8882-8896. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Takahashi
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kato
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamaji
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ueno
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Iwabuchi
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yui Shimizu
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masashi Nitani
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamanobe
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroki Uehara
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakamura
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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25
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Templated bilayer self-assembly of fully conjugated π-expanded macrocyclic oligothiophenes complexed with fullerenes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14717. [PMID: 28281557 PMCID: PMC5353715 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fully conjugated macrocyclic oligothiophenes exhibit a combination of highly attractive structural, optical and electronic properties, and multifunctional molecular thin film architectures thereof are envisioned. However, control over the self-assembly of such systems becomes increasingly challenging, the more complex the target structures are. Here we show a robust self-assembly based on hierarchical non-covalent interactions. A self-assembled monolayer of hydrogen-bonded trimesic acid at the interface between an organic solution and graphite provides host-sites for the epitaxial ordering of Saturn-like complexes of fullerenes with oligothiophene macrocycles in mono- and bilayers. STM tomography verifies the formation of the templated layers. Molecular dynamics simulations corroborate the conformational stability and assign the adsorption sites of the adlayers. Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy determines their rectification characteristics. Current–voltage characteristics reveal the modification of the rectifying properties of the macrocycles by the formation of donor–acceptor complexes in a densely packed all-self-assembled supramolecular nanostructure. Controlling the self-assembly of oligothiophene complexes that are used in multi-functional thin films can be challenging. Here the authors show a hierarchy of non-covalent interactions for robust self-assembly that orders Saturn-like complexes of fullerenes with oligothiophene macrocycles.
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26
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Iyoda M, Shimizu H, Aoyagi S, Okada H, Zhou B, Matsuo Y. Structures and properties of Saturn-like complexes composed of oligothiophene macrocycle with methano[60]fullerene and [70]fullerene. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
π-Expanded oligothienylene macrocycle with a large inner cavity incorporates fullerenes such as methano[60]fullerene (C61H2) and [70]fullerene (C70) inside to form Saturn-like complexes. Although the oligothiophene macrocycle weakly interacts with fullerenes in solution, it forms stable Saturn-like fullerene complexes in the solid state. X-ray analysis of the Saturn-like complexes exhibited short contacts between the sulfur atoms of the oligothiophene macrocycle and fullerene carbons, which hinder the rotation of fullerenes. As a result, the non-covalent interaction between the oligothiophene macrocycle and fullerenes was employed in crystal structure determination of fullerenes. UV–vis–NIR spectra of the Saturn-like complexes showed weak donor–acceptor interaction between the oligothiophene macrocycle and fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Biao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajosui 3-25-40, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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27
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Quartapelle Procopio E, Benincori T, Appoloni G, Mussini PR, Arnaboldi S, Carbonera C, Cirilli R, Cominetti A, Longo L, Martinazzo R, Panigati M, Pò R. A family of solution-processable macrocyclic and open-chain oligothiophenes with atropoisomeric scaffolds: structural and electronic features for potential energy applications. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic and linear inherently chiral oligothiophenes have been employed as donors in bulk heterojunction solar cells with fullerenes as acceptors.
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28
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Phulwale BV, Mishra SK, Nečas M, Mazal C. Phenanthrylene-butadiynylene and Phenanthrylene-thienylene Macrocycles: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6244-52. [PMID: 27398717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of macrocycles consisting of 9,10-substituted phenanthrenes connected by butadiynylene linkers in positions 3 and 6 has been described as well as their transformation into the corresponding phenanthrylene-thienylene macrocycles. Structure and properties of the macrocycles, such as self-association in solution and optical and electrochemical properties, were studied and reported in a comparative manner with respect to the effects of the different sizes and shapes of the macrocycles and the character and length of their side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhimrao Vaijnath Phulwale
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Sushil Kumar Mishra
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Nečas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Ctibor Mazal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
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29
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Kayahara E, Fukayama K, Nishinaga T, Yamago S. Size Dependence of [n]Cycloparaphenylenes (n=5-12) in Electrochemical Oxidation. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1793-7. [PMID: 27137132 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation processes of [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) (n=5-12) were systematically investigated by cyclic and rotating disk electrode voltammetry. All CPPs underwent pseudo-reversible two-electron oxidation irrespective of ring size, forming the corresponding radical cations and then dications. The results were in sharp contrast to those observed for linear oligoparaphenylenes, which only undergo one-electron oxidation. The difference in the first and second oxidation potentials in the CPP oxidation was affected by the ring size and became more significant as the decrease of CPP size. In other words, while the first oxidation from neutral CPP to the radical cation occurred faster as the size of CPP becomes smaller, the second oxidation from the radical cation to dication exhibited opposite size dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611 0011, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Fukayama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611 0011, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611 0011, Japan. .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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Alvarez MP, Ruiz Delgado MC, Taravillo M, Baonza VG, López Navarrete JT, Evans P, Jasti R, Yamago S, Kertesz M, Casado J. The Raman fingerprint of cyclic conjugation: the case of the stabilization of cations and dications in cycloparaphenylenes. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3494-3499. [PMID: 29997841 PMCID: PMC6007183 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic conjugation and Biradical formation in charged cycloparaphenylenes are described by Raman spectroscopy and DFT.
Radical cations and dications of [n]CPP from n = 5 to n = 12 have been studied by Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory. Small [n]CPP dications owe their stability to the closed-shell electronic structure imposed by cyclic conjugation surpassing the destabilizing effect of ring strain and of the electron deficiency of the charged states. Large [n]CPP dications mitigate cyclic strain by forming diradicals. The Raman spectra reflect the balance among cyclic conjugation, cyclic strain and biradicaloid stabilization by finding an unexpected turning point in the frequency behavior of the G vibrational modes as a function of size. These Raman data represent the vibrational fingerprint of this rare form of conjugation which is central to stabilize both cations and dications of [n]CPP macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Peña Alvarez
- Malta Consolider Team , Department of Physical Chemistry , Complutense University of Madrid , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Taravillo
- Malta Consolider Team , Department of Physical Chemistry , Complutense University of Madrid , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Valentín G Baonza
- Malta Consolider Team , Department of Physical Chemistry , Complutense University of Madrid , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Paul Evans
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute 1253 , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute 1253 , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , USA
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Soft Matter , Georgetown University , Washington , D.C. 20057-1227 , USA .
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Málaga , 29071 Málaga , Spain .
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31
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Bildirir H, Osken I, Schmidt J, Ozturk T, Thomas A. Chemical RedOx Properties of a Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Microporous Dithienothiophene-Benzene co-Polymer FormedviaSuzuki-Miyaura Cross-coupling. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Bildirir
- Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; Technische Universtät Berlin; Hardenbergstr. 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Ipek Osken
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; Technische Universtät Berlin; Hardenbergstr. 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
- Chemistry Group Laboratories; TUBITAK UME; PO Box: 54 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Arne Thomas
- Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; Technische Universtät Berlin; Hardenbergstr. 40 10623 Berlin Germany
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32
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Huang W, Zhu H, Huang Y, Yang J, Wang W. Controllable synthesis of conjugated thio-phenylethyne-based compounds with different chain lengths. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05709h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of compounds consisting of alternating thiophene and acetylene units were designed and synthesized. Some were applied as the semiconductor in FETs to show excellent performance. 2D-GIXRD was employed to study the molecular orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Haoyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Yuli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Junwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Weizhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
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33
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Maier SK, Poluektov G, Jester SS, Möller HM, Höger S. Fast Oxidative Cyclooligomerization towards Low- and High-Symmetry Thiophene Macrocycles. Chemistry 2015; 22:1379-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan K. Maier
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany), Fax
| | - Georgiy Poluektov
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany), Fax
| | - Stefan-S. Jester
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany), Fax
| | - Heiko M. Möller
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25 14476 Golm Germany), Fax
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany), Fax
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34
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Asai K, Fukazawa A, Yamaguchi S. A cyclic octithiophene containing β,β'-linkages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6096-9. [PMID: 25744219 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic octithiophene containing two β,β'-linkages was synthesized. Due to the large structural change in the excited state, this compound exhibited bathochromically shifted fluorescence. It also showed a small difference between the first and second oxidation potentials, indicative of spin delocalization through the β,β'-linkage in the one electron-oxidized state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Asai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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35
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Xiao D, Zhang D, Chen B, Xie D, Xiang Y, Li X, Jin W. Size-selective recognition by a tubular assembly of phenylene-pyrimidinylene alternated macrocycle through hydrogen-bonding interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10649-10655. [PMID: 26375477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Study of artificial tubular assemblies as a useful host scaffold for size-selective recognition and release of guest molecules is an important subject in host-guest chemistry. We describe well-defined self-assembled nanotubes (NT6mer) formed from π-conjugated m-phenylene-pyrimidinylene alternated macrocycle 16mer that exhibit size-selective recognition toward a specific aromatic acid. In a series of guest molecules, a size-matched trimesic acid (G3) gives inclusion complexes (NT6mer⊃G3) in dichloromethane resulting in an enhanced and red-shifted fluorescence. (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration experiments indicated that the complex was formed in a 1:1 molar ratio. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the binding constant value (K = 1.499 × 10(5) M(-1)) of NT6mer with G3 suggested that the complex involved triple hydrogen-bonding interactions. The encapsulated guest G3 molecules can be readily released from the tubular channel through the dissociation of hydrogen bonding by the addition of a polar solvent such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). In contrast, 16mer could not form self-assembled nanotubes in CHCl3 or tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution, leading to weak or no size-selective recognizability, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Beihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahai Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianying Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Wusong Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
This tutorial review summarizes recent progress in the design, synthesis, and multifunctional properties of fully conjugated macrocyclic π-systems. We focus on the π-expanded oligothiophene macrocycles after a short survey of macrocyclic conjugated loops and belts such as [n]cycloparaphenylenes, cyclic[n]para-phenylacetylenes, [4]cyclo-2,8-crysenylenes, and cyclo[n]thiophenes. Fully conjugated π-expanded oligothiophene macrocycles possess shape-persistent but sometimes pliable π-frames, and the electronic and optoelectronic properties of the macrocycles largely depend on the π-systems inserted into the oligothiophene macrocycles. Among them, the π-expanded oligothiophene macrocycle composed of 2,5-thienylenes, ethynylenes, and vinylenes is one of the most widely applicable macrocycles for constructing multifunctional π-systems. These π-expanded oligothiophene macrocycles from small to very large ring sizes can be prepared via a short step procedure, and their various solid state structures can be determined by X-ray analysis. Since these macrocycles have inner and outer domains, specific information concerning structural, electronic, and optical properties is expected. Furthermore, π-expanded oligothiophene macrocycles with alkyl substituents exhibit various morphologies depending on nanophase separation of molecules, and a morphological change is observed for the molecular switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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37
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Reversible Doping of a Dithienothiophene-Based Conjugated Microporous Polymer. Chemistry 2015; 21:9306-11. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Shimizu H, Cojal González JD, Hasegawa M, Nishinaga T, Haque T, Takase M, Otani H, Rabe JP, Iyoda M. Synthesis, structures, and photophysical properties of π-expanded oligothiophene 8-mers and their Saturn-like C₆₀ complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3877-85. [PMID: 25699988 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two isomers of a multifunctional π-expanded macrocyclic oligothiophene 8-mer, E,E-1 and Z,Z-1, were synthesized using a McMurry coupling of a dialdehyde composed of four 2,5-thienylene and three ethynylene units under high dilution conditions. On the other hand, cyclo[8](2,5-thienylene-ethynylene) 2 was synthesized by intramolecular Sonogashira cyclization of ethynyl bromide 5. From STM measurements, both E,E-1 and Z,Z-1 formed self-assembled monolayers at the solid-liquid interface to produce porous networks, and from X-ray analyses of E,E-1 and 2, both compounds had a round shape with a honeycomb stacked structure. E,E-1 formed various fibrous polymorphs due to nanophase separation of the macrorings. E,E-1 and Z,Z-1 in solution exhibited photochromism upon irradiation with visible and UV light, respectively, and this photoisomerization was confirmed by using STM. Furthermore, amorphous films of Z,Z-1 and E,E-1 showed photoisomerization, although single crystals, fibers, and square tubes of E,E-1 remained unchanged under similar conditions. E,E-1 with a 12.5-14.7 Å inner cavity incorporated fullerene C60 in the cavity in solution and the solid state to produce a Saturn-like complex, whose structure was determined by X-ray analysis. 2 also formed a Saturn-like complex with C60 in the solid state. These Saturn-like complexes are stabilized by van der Waals interactions between the sulfur atoms of 8-mer and C60. The complexes exhibited charge-transfer interactions in the solid state. Like E,E-1, Saturn-like complex E,E-1⊃C60 formed small cube and fiber structures depending on the solvent used, whereas those of Saturn-like complex 2⊃C60 were limited due to the rigidity of the macroring of 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Shimizu
- †Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Hasegawa
- §Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- †Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tahmina Haque
- †Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- †Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Otani
- ∥Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | | | - Masahiko Iyoda
- †Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Nishiuchi T, Iyoda M. Bent π-conjugated systems composed of three-dimensional benzoannulenes. CHEM REC 2015; 15:329-46. [PMID: 25612235 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This article describes bent π-conjugated systems composed of alternating o-phenylene and Z-vinylene units. all-Z-[n]Benzo[4n]annulenes are higher homologues of dibenzocyclooctatetraene (DBCOT) with a concave π system, and attempts were made to convert [20]- and [24]annulenes having partial belt structures of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes into [10]- and [12]phenacenes. A bent π-conjugated system composed of two DBCOT units showed dynamic syn-anti equilibrium in solution and behaved as dynamic molecular tweezers (DMTs). The syn isomers of the DMTs formed blue charge-transfer complexes with DDQ in solution, and this complexation and color change were applied to thermochromism. Furthermore, DMTs having two CN groups on each COT ring exhibited crystalline-state emission in the presence of solvent molecules, although almost no emission was observed in solution or the solid state. Based on this crystalline-state emission, a vapochromic system was established. The multifunctional properties of DMTs caused by the flexibility of the nonplanar π system are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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40
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Inoue R, Hasegawa M, Nishinaga T, Yoza K, Mazaki Y. Efficient Synthesis, Structure, and Complexation Studies of Electron-Donating Thiacalix[n]dithienothiophene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Inoue R, Hasegawa M, Nishinaga T, Yoza K, Mazaki Y. Efficient Synthesis, Structure, and Complexation Studies of Electron-Donating Thiacalix[n]dithienothiophene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2734-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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42
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Ito H, Mitamura Y, Segawa Y, Itami K. Thiophene‐Based, Radial π‐Conjugation: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Cyclo‐1,4‐phenylene‐2′,5′‐thienylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Yukari Mitamura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
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43
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Ito H, Mitamura Y, Segawa Y, Itami K. Thiophene‐Based, Radial π‐Conjugation: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Cyclo‐1,4‐phenylene‐2′,5′‐thienylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:159-63. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Yukari Mitamura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
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44
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Gońka E, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Stępień M. Expanded Hexapyrrolohexaazacoronenes. Near-Infrared Absorbing Chromophores with Interrupted Peripheral Conjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16399-410. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508963v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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45
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Nishiuchi T, Iyoda M. Bent π-Conjugated System Composed of Two Dibenzocyclooctatetraene Units: Multifunctional Properties of Dynamic Molecular Tweezers in Solution and the Solid State. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University
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46
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Gopalakrishna TY, Reddy JS, Anand VG. An Amphoteric Switch to Aromatic and Antiaromatic States of a Neutral Air-Stable 25π Radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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47
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Gopalakrishna TY, Reddy JS, Anand VG. An Amphoteric Switch to Aromatic and Antiaromatic States of a Neutral Air-Stable 25π Radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10984-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Gopalakrishna TY, Anand VG. Reversible Redox Reaction Between Antiaromatic and Aromatic States of 32π-Expanded Isophlorins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6678-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Gopalakrishna TY, Anand VG. Reversible Redox Reaction Between Antiaromatic and Aromatic States of 32π-Expanded Isophlorins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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