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Wang W, Balland V, Branca M, Limoges B. A Unified Charge Storage Mechanism to Rationalize the Electrochemical Behavior of Quinone-Based Organic Electrodes in Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15230-15250. [PMID: 38769770 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Due to their eco-sustainability and versatility, organic electrodes are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage in rechargeable aqueous batteries. This is notably the case of aqueous hybrid batteries that pair the low voltage of a zinc anode with the high voltage of a quinone-based (or analogue of quinone-based) organic cathode. However, the mechanisms governing their charge-discharge cycles remain poorly understood and are even a matter of debate and controversy. No consensus exists on the charge carrier in mild aqueous electrolytes, especially when working in an electrolyte containing a multivalent metal cation such as Zn2+. In this study, we comprehensively investigate the electrochemical reactivity of two model quinones, chloranil, and duroquinone, either diluted in solution or incorporated into carbon-based composite electrodes. We demonstrate that a common nine-member square scheme proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism allows us to fully describe and rationalize their electrochemical behavior in relation to the pH and chemical composition of the aqueous electrolyte. Additionally, we highlight the crucial role played by the pKas associated with the reduced states of quinones in determining the nature of the charge carrier that compensates for the negative charges reversibly injected in the active material. Finally, contrary to the widely reported findings for Zn/organic batteries, we unequivocally establish that the predominant solid-state charge carriers in Zn2+-based mild aqueous electrolytes are not multivalent Zn2+ cations but rather protons supplied by the weakly acidic hexaaqua metal ions (i.e., [Zn(H2O)6]2+]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkang Wang
- CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Balland
- CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Branca
- CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Limoges
- CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
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Ahn S, Son M, Singh V, Yun A, Baik MH, Byon HR. Stabilization of Naphthalene Diimide Anions by Ion Pair Formation in Nonaqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4521-4531. [PMID: 38346143 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In redox flow batteries, a compelling strategy for enhancing the charge capacity of redox-active organic molecules involves storing multiple electrons within a single molecule. However, this approach poses unique challenges such as chemical instability by forming radicals, elevated energy requirements, and unsustainable charge concentration. Ion pairing is a possible solution to achieve charge neutrality and engineer redox potential shifts but has received limited attention. In this study, we demonstrate that Li+ can stabilize naphthalene diimide (NDI) anions dissolved in acetonitrile and significantly shift the second cathodic potential close to the first. Our findings, supported by density functional theory calculations and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, indicate that dimeric NDI species form stable ion pairs with Li+. Conversely, K+ ions exhibit weak interactions, and cyclic voltammograms confirm significant potential shifts when stronger Lewis acids and solvents with lower donor numbers are employed. Galvanostatic examinations reveal a single voltage plateau with Li+, which indicates a rapid redox process involving doubly charged NDI2- with Li+. These aggregated ion pairs offer the additional benefits of hindering crossover events, contributing to excellent cyclability, and suppressing undesirable side reactions even after 1000 redox cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Son
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ariyeong Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryung Byon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Voltammetric kinetic discrimination of two sequential proton-coupled electron transfers in serotonin oxidation: Electrochemical interrogation of a serotonin intermediate. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Intermolecular Interactions Drive the Unusual Co-Crystallization of Different Calix[4]arene Conformations. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization of 5,17-dibromo-11,27,23,25-tetraone-26,28-dipropoxycalix[4]arene results in the rare observation of two different calix[4]arene conformations (partial cone and 1,3-alternate) co-crystallized within the same single crystal X-ray structure. Analysis using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy revealed that only a single conformation (the cone) was present in solution, and in contrast to the structures of other reported calix[4]arenes and calix[4]quinones, both conformations of the compound present in this crystal structure have a “pinched” shape, drastically reducing Br-Br separation and associated cavity sizes.
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Hofmann JD, Schröder D. Which Parameter is Governing for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries with Organic Active Material? CHEM-ING-TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201800162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas D. Hofmann
- Justus Liebig University GiessenInstitute of Physical Chemistry Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Justus Liebig University GiessenCenter for Materials Research (LaMa) Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Daniel Schröder
- Justus Liebig University GiessenInstitute of Physical Chemistry Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Justus Liebig University GiessenCenter for Materials Research (LaMa) Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
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Wang X, Wang S, Gu C, Zhang W, Zheng H, Zhang J, Lu G, Zhang YM, Li M, Zhang SXA. Reversible Bond/Cation-Coupled Electron Transfer on Phenylenediamine-Based Rhodamine B and Its Application on Electrochromism. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20196-20204. [PMID: 28535036 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A biomimetic system on reversible bond-coupled electron transfer (BCET) has been proposed and investigated in a switchable Rh-N molecule with redox active subunits. We discover that energy barrier of C-N bond breaking is reduced dramatically to less than 1/7 (from 40.4 to 5.5 kcal/mol), and 1/3 of the oxidation potential is simultaneously lowered (from 0.67 to 0.43 V) with the oxidation of Rh-N. The concept, cation-coupled electron transfer (CCET), is highly recommended by analyzing existing proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) and metal coupled electron transfer (MCET) along with aforementioned BCET, which have same characteristic of transferring positive charges, such as proton, metal ion, and organic cation. Molecular switch can be controlled directly by electricity through BCET process. Solid electrochromic device was fabricated with extremely high coloration efficiency (720 cm2/C), great reversibility (no degradation for 600 cycles), and quick respond time (30 ms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chang Gu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weiran Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Geyu Lu
- College of Electron Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Li
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College of Jilin University , Zhuhai, 519041, P. R. China
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Saito E, Ako T, Kobori Y, Tsuda A. Switching of the π-electronic conjugations in the reduction of a dithienylethene-fused p-benzoquinone. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27001h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Visible light unlocks the π-electronic conjugation of a dithienylethene-fused p-benzoquinone derivative to cause a light-driven oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Saito
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - Takumi Ako
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - Akihiko Tsuda
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
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Lavendomme R, Troian-Gautier L, Zahim S, Reinaud O, Jabin I. One Step Synthesis of Calix[n]quinones through the HClO4/PbO2-Mediated Oxidation of Calix[n]arenes. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lavendomme R, Cragg PJ, Marcos PM, Luhmer M, Jabin I. Synthesis of (Homooxa)calixarene-Monoquinones through the "All-but-One" Methodology. Org Lett 2015; 17:5690-3. [PMID: 26558889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The iteroselective "all-but-one" carbamatation methodology has been successfully extended to homooxacalixarenes and used for the selective and controlled synthesis of homooxacalixarene-monoquinones and calixarene-monoquinones. These moquinone derivatives constitute interesting molecular platforms that, until now, were inaccessible through any efficient means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Lavendomme
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/08, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter J Cragg
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton , Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Paula M Marcos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa , Edifício C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.,Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michel Luhmer
- Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/08, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Kim RS, Park W, Hong H, Chung TD, Kim S. Quinone electrochemistry altered by local hydrophobic environment and hydrogen bonding interactions. Electrochem commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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