1
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Neumark DM. Spectroscopy of Radicals, Clusters, and Transition States Using Slow Electron Velocity-Map Imaging of Cryogenically Cooled Anions. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4207-4223. [PMID: 37094039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Slow electron velocity-map imaging of cryogenically cooled anions (cryo-SEVI) is a high-resolution variant of anion photoelectron spectroscopy that has been applied with considerable success over the years to the study of radicals, size-selected clusters, and transition states for unimolecular and bimolecular reactions. Cryo-SEVI retains the versatility of conventional anion photoelectron spectroscopy while offering sub-meV resolution, thereby enabling the resolution of vibrational structure in the photoelectron spectra of complex anions. This Feature Article describes recent experiments in our laboratory using cryo-SEVI, including a new research direction in which anions are vibrationally pre-excited with an infrared laser pulse prior to photodetachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Chen JJ, Liu YZ, Liu QY, Li XN, He SG. Single Ti 3+ Ion Catalyzes NO Reduction on Stoichiometric Titanium Oxide Cluster Anions (TiO 2) n– ( n = 1–11). ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yun-Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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Cheng X, Li ZY, Mou LH, Wei GP, Liu QY, He SG. Size-dependent Reactivity of Rhodium Deuteride Cluster Anions Rh3Dn¯ (n = 0-3) toward Dinitrogen: The Prominent Role of σ Donation. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:064303. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0077183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Li-Hui Mou
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Gong-Ping Wei
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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4
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Müller F, Sauer J, Song X, Asmis KR. The Chemical Nature of Ti 4O 10-: Vibrational Predissociation Spectroscopy Combined with Global Structure Optimization. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9571-9577. [PMID: 34709822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase infrared spectrum of Ti4O10- is studied in the spectral range from 400 cm-1 to 1250 cm-1 using cryogenic ion trap vibrational spectroscopy, in combination with density functional theory (DFT). The infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectrum of D2-tagged Ti4O10- provides evidence for a structure of lower symmetry that contains a superoxo group (1121 cm-1) and two terminal Ti=O moieties. DFT combined with a genetic algorithm for global structure optimization predicts two isomers which feature a superoxo group: the Cs symmetric global minimum-energy structure and a similar isomer (C1) that is slightly higher in energy. Coupled cluster calculations confirm the relative stability. Comparison of the harmonic DFT spectra (different functionals) with the IRPD spectrum suggests that both of these isomers contribute. Earlier assignments to the adamantane-like C3v isomer with three terminal Ti-O• - groups in a quartet state are not confirmed. They were based on the infrared multiple photon photodissociation (IRMPD) spectrum of bare Ti4O10- and local DFT structure optimizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Müller
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut R Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Babin MC, DeWitt M, DeVine JA, McDonald DC, Ard SG, Shuman NS, Viggiano AA, Cheng L, Neumark DM. Electronic structure of NdO via slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of NdO --. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:114305. [PMID: 34551540 DOI: 10.1063/5.0063307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronically excited NdO is a possible product of the chemistry associated with the release of Nd into the ionosphere, and emission from these states may contribute to the observations following such experiments. To better characterize the energetics and spectroscopy of NdO, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study using slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled NdO- anions (cryo-SEVI) supplemented by wave function-based quantum-chemical calculations. Using cryo-SEVI, we measure the electron affinity of NdO to be 1.0091(7) eV and resolve numerous transitions to low-lying electronic and vibrational states of NdO that are assigned with the aid of the electronic structure calculations. Additionally, temperature-dependent data suggest contributions from the (2)4.5 state of NdO- residing 2350 cm-1 above the ground anion state. Photodetachment to higher-lying excited states of NdO is also reported, which may help to clarify observations from prior release experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Babin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Martin DeWitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jessalyn A DeVine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David C McDonald
- NRC Postdoc at Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, USA
| | - Shaun G Ard
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, USA
| | - Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, USA
| | - Albert A Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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6
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Harb H, Hratchian HP. ΔSCF Dyson orbitals and pole strengths from natural ionization orbitals. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Harb
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Center for Chemical Computation and Theory, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Hrant P. Hratchian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Center for Chemical Computation and Theory, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
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7
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Abou Taka A, Babin MC, Sheng X, DeVine JA, Neumark DM, Hratchian HP. Unveiling the coexistence of cis- and trans-isomers in the hydrolysis of ZrO2: A coupled DFT and high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy study. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:244308. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0037636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abou Taka
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Center for Chemical Computation and Theory, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Mark C. Babin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Xianghai Sheng
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Center for Chemical Computation and Theory, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Jessalyn A. DeVine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Hrant P. Hratchian
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Center for Chemical Computation and Theory, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
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8
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Babin MC, DeWitt M, Weichman ML, DeVine JA, Neumark DM. High-resolution anion photoelectron spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled 4-atom silicon carbides. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1817596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Babin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Martin DeWitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marissa L. Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jessalyn A. DeVine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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9
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Dick B. MELEXIR: maximum entropy Legendre expanded image reconstruction. A fast and efficient method for the analysis of velocity map imaging or photoelectron imaging data. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19499-19512. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03353j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The MELEXIR program obtains a Legendre expansion of the 3D velocity distribution from 2D images of ions or photoelectrons. The maximum entropy algorithm avoids inverse Abel transforms, is fast and applicable to low-intensity images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Dick
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
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10
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The low-lying triplet electronic excited states of TiO2 and ZrO2: A symmetry adapted cluster–configuration interaction (SAC-CI) study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Topolski JE, Kafader JO, Marrero-Colon V, Iyengar SS, Hratchian HP, Jarrold CC. Exotic electronic structures of SmxCe3−xOy (x = 0-3; y = 2-4) clusters and the effect of high neutral density of low-lying states on photodetachment transition intensities. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:054305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5043490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josey E. Topolski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Jared O. Kafader
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Vicmarie Marrero-Colon
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Srinivasan S. Iyengar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Hrant P. Hratchian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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12
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DeVine JA, Abou Taka A, Babin MC, Weichman ML, Hratchian HP, Neumark DM. High-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy of TiO3H2−: Probing the TiO2− + H2O dissociative adduct. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:222810. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5018414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn A. DeVine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ali Abou Taka
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, California 05343, USA
| | - Mark C. Babin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Marissa L. Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Hrant P. Hratchian
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, California 05343, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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13
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Klawohn S, Kaupp M, Karton A. MVO-10: A Gas-Phase Oxide Benchmark for Localization/Delocalization in Mixed-Valence Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3512-3523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Klawohn
- Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Australia
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14
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Hübner O, Himmel HJ. Metal Cluster Models for Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Matrix-Isolation Perspective. Chemistry 2018; 24:8941-8961. [PMID: 29457854 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal cluster models are of high relevance for establishing new mechanistic concepts for heterogeneous catalysis. The high reactivity and particular selectivity of metal clusters is caused by the wealth of low-lying electronically excited states that are often thermally populated. Thereby the metal clusters are flexible with regard to their electronic structure and can adjust their states to be appropriate for the reaction with a particular substrate. The matrix isolation technique is ideally suited for studying excited state reactivity. The low matrix temperatures (generally 4-40 K) of the noble gas matrix host guarantee that all clusters are in their electronic ground-state (with only a very few exceptions). Electronically excited states can then be selectively populated and their reactivity probed. Unfortunately, a systematic research in this direction has not been made up to date. The purpose of this review is to provide the grounds for a directed approach to understand cluster reactivity through matrix-isolation studies combined with quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Woodard MP, Akin ST, Dibble CJ, Duncan MA. Laser Synthesis and Spectroscopy of Ligand-Coated Chromium Oxide Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem A 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Woodard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - S. T. Akin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - C. J. Dibble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - T. B. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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17
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Abstract
Slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled anions (cryo-SEVI) is a powerful technique for elucidating the vibrational and electronic structure of neutral radicals, clusters, and reaction transition states. SEVI is a high-resolution variant of anion photoelectron spectroscopy based on photoelectron imaging that yields spectra with energy resolution as high as 1-2 cm-1. The preparation of cryogenically cold anions largely eliminates hot bands and dramatically narrows the rotational envelopes of spectral features, enabling the acquisition of well-resolved photoelectron spectra for complex and spectroscopically challenging species. We review the basis and history of the SEVI method, including recent experimental developments that have improved its resolution and versatility. We then survey recent SEVI studies to demonstrate the utility of this technique in the spectroscopy of aromatic radicals, metal and metal oxide clusters, nonadiabatic interactions between excited states of small molecules, and transition states of benchmark bimolecular reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; , .,Current affiliation: JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; , .,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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18
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Lapere KML, McKinley AJ, Wild D. Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and High Level Ab Initio Calculations of the Halide–Nitric Oxide Dimer Complexes. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch17581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anion photoelectron spectra are presented for gas phase complexes formed between halide anions and nitric oxide, X−⋯NO where X− = Cl−, Br−, and I−. Electron binding energies are experimentally determined to be 3.82, 3.51, and 3.17 eV. Results from CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations are presented for the anion species, whereby a single minimum of Cs symmetry is predicted. Binding energies (D0) of 15.3, 13.3, and 11.7 kJ mol−1 are predicted from complete basis set limit extrapolation, and are found to be in line with previous experimental studies.
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19
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Dissociative Water Adsorption on Gas-Phase Titanium Dioxide Cluster Anions Probed with Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy. Top Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-017-0863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Li HF, Zhao YX, Yuan Z, Liu QY, Li ZY, Li XN, Ning CG, He SG. Methane Activation by Tantalum Carbide Cluster Anions Ta 2C 4. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:605-610. [PMID: 28088857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Methane activation by transition metals is of fundamental interest and practical importance, as this process is extensively involved in the natural gas conversion to fuels and value-added chemicals. While single-metal centers have been well recognized as active sites for methane activation, the active center composed of two or more metal atoms is rarely addressed and the detailed reaction mechanism remains unclear. Here, by using state-of-the-art time-of-flight mass spectrometry, cryogenic anion photoelectron imaging spectroscopy, and quantum-chemical calculations, the cooperation of the two Ta atoms in a dinuclear carbide cluster Ta2C4- for methane activation has been identified. The C-H bond activation takes place predominantly around one Ta atom in the initial stage of the reaction and the second Ta atom accepts the delivered H atom from the C-H bond cleavage. The well-resolved vibrational spectra of the cryogenically cooled anions agree well with theoretical simulations, allowing the clear characterization of the structure of Ta2C4- cluster. The reactivity comparison between Ta2C4- cluster and the carbon-less analogues (Ta2C3- and Ta2C2-) demonstrated that the cooperative effect of the two metal atoms can be well tuned by the carbon ligands in terms of methane activation and transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Fang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Gang Ning
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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21
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Ohshimo K, Norimasa N, Moriyama R, Misaizu F. Stable compositions and geometrical structures of titanium oxide cluster cations and anions studied by ion mobility mass spectrometry. J Chem Phys 2017; 144:194305. [PMID: 27208947 DOI: 10.1063/1.4949269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Geometrical structures of titanium oxide cluster cations and anions have been investigated by ion mobility mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory. Stable cluster compositions with respect to collision induced dissociation were also determined by changing ion injection energy to an ion drift cell for mobility measurements. The TinO2n-1 (+) cations and TinO2n (-) anions were predominantly observed at high injection energies, in addition to TinO2n (+) for cations and TinO2n+1 (-) for anions. Collision cross sections of TinO2n (+) and TinO2n+1 (-) for n = 1-7, determined by ion mobility mass spectrometry, were compared with those obtained theoretically as orientation-averaged cross sections for the optimized structures by quantum chemical calculations. All of the geometrical structures thus assigned have three-dimensional structures, which are in marked contrast with other oxides of late transition metals. One-oxygen atom dissociation processes from TinO2n (+) and TinO2n+1 (-) by collisions were also explained by analysis of spin density distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keijiro Ohshimo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Naoya Norimasa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Moriyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Fuminori Misaizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Song X, Fagiani MR, Debnath S, Gao M, Maeda S, Taketsugu T, Gewinner S, Schöllkopf W, Asmis KR, Lyalin A. Excess charge driven dissociative hydrogen adsorption on Ti2O4−. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:23154-23161. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03798h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of dissociative D2 adsorption on Ti2O4− is studied using infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Leipzig
- D-04103 Leipzig
- Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
| | - Matias R. Fagiani
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Leipzig
- D-04103 Leipzig
- Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
| | - Sreekanta Debnath
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Leipzig
- D-04103 Leipzig
- Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Sandy Gewinner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | - Knut R. Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Leipzig
- D-04103 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Andrey Lyalin
- Global Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials Science (GREEN)
- National Institute for Material Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
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23
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Weichman ML, DeVine JA, Neumark DM. High-resolution photoelectron imaging spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled Fe4O− and Fe5O−. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:054302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4960176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jessalyn A. DeVine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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24
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Thompson LM, Harb H, Hratchian HP. Natural ionization orbitals for interpreting electron detachment processes. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:204117. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4951738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lee M. Thompson
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Hassan Harb
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Hrant P. Hratchian
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
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25
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Weichman ML, Song X, Fagiani MR, Debnath S, Gewinner S, Schöllkopf W, Neumark DM, Asmis KR. Gas phase vibrational spectroscopy of cold (TiO2)n− (n = 3–8) clusters. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:124308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4942194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Plank-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matias R. Fagiani
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Plank-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sreekanta Debnath
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Plank-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandy Gewinner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Plank-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Plank-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Knut R. Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Isomer-specific vibronic structure of the 9-, 1-, and 2-anthracenyl radicals via slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1698-705. [PMID: 26792521 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1520862113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in various charge and protonation states, are key compounds relevant to combustion chemistry and astrochemistry. Here, we probe the vibrational and electronic spectroscopy of gas-phase 9-, 1-, and 2-anthracenyl radicals (C14H9) by photodetachment of the corresponding cryogenically cooled anions via slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging (cryo-SEVI). The use of a newly designed velocity-map imaging lens in combination with ion cooling yields photoelectron spectra with <2 cm(-1) resolution. Isomer selection of the anions is achieved using gas-phase synthesis techniques, resulting in observation and interpretation of detailed vibronic structure of the ground and lowest excited states for the three anthracenyl radical isomers. The ground-state bands yield electron affinities and vibrational frequencies for several Franck-Condon active modes of the 9-, 1-, and 2-anthracenyl radicals; term energies of the first excited states of these species are also measured. Spectra are interpreted through comparison with ab initio quantum chemistry calculations, Franck-Condon simulations, and calculations of threshold photodetachment cross sections and anisotropies. Experimental measures of the subtle differences in energetics and relative stabilities of these radical isomers are of interest from the perspective of fundamental physical organic chemistry and aid in understanding their behavior and reactivity in interstellar and combustion environments. Additionally, spectroscopic characterization of these species in the laboratory is essential for their potential identification in astrochemical data.
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27
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Lapere KML, Kettner M, Watson PD, McKinley AJ, Wild DA. Halide–Nitrogen Gas-Phase Clusters: Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and High Level ab Initio Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9722-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim M. L. Lapere
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Marcus Kettner
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Peter D. Watson
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Allan J. McKinley
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Duncan A. Wild
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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28
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29
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Liu QY, Hu L, Li ZY, Ning CG, Ma JB, Chen H, He SG. Photoelectron imaging spectroscopy of MoC(-) and NbN(-) diatomic anions: A comparative study. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:164301. [PMID: 25933758 DOI: 10.1063/1.4918589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoeletronic diatomic MoC(-) and NbN(-) anions have been prepared by laser ablation and studied by photoelectron imaging spectroscopy combined with quantum chemistry calculations. The photoelectron spectra of NbN(-) can be very well assigned on the basis of literature reported optical spectroscopy of NbN. In contrast, the photoelectron spectra of MoC(-) are rather complex and the assignments suffered from the presence of many electronically hot bands and limited information from the reported optical spectroscopy of MoC. The electron affinities of NbN and MoC have been determined to be 1.450 ± 0.003 eV and 1.360 ± 0.003 eV, respectively. The good resolution of the imaging spectroscopy provided a chance to resolve the Ω splittings of the X(3)Σ(-) (Ω = 0 and 1) state of MoC and the X(4)Σ(-) (Ω = 1/2 and 3/2) state of MoC(-) for the first time. The spin-orbit splittings of the X(2)Δ state of NbN(-) and the a(2)Δ state of MoC(-) were also determined. The similarities and differences between the electronic structures of the NbN and MoC systems were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianrui Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Gang Ning
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, The Institute for Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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30
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Thompson LM, Hratchian HP. Modeling the Photoelectron Spectra of MoNbO2– Accounting for Spin Contamination in Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:8744-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee M. Thompson
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Hrant P. Hratchian
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
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31
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Beckham D, Conran S, Lapere K, Kettner M, McKinley A, Wild D. Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and high level ab initio calculations of the halide–acetylene dimer complexes. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Kim JB, Weichman ML, Neumark DM. Slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of the Fe3O– and Co3O– anions. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:174307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4900646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jongjin B. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Marissa L. Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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