1
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Zhang Z, Qian X, Gu Y, Gui J. Controllable skeletal reorganizations in natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:251-272. [PMID: 38291905 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 2016 to 2023The synthetic chemistry community is always in pursuit of efficient routes to natural products. Among the many available general strategies, skeletal reorganization, which involves the formation, cleavage, and migration of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds, stands out as a particularly useful approach for the efficient assembly of molecular skeletons. In addition, it allows for late-stage modification of natural products for quick access to other family members or unnatural derivatives. This review summarizes efficient syntheses of steroid, terpenoid, and alkaloid natural products that have been achieved by means of this strategy in the past eight years. Our goal is to illustrate the strategy's potency and reveal the spectacular human ingenuity demonstrated in its use and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Jinghan Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Gui J. Bioinspired Skeletal Reorganization Approach for the Synthesis of Steroid Natural Products. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 38301249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusSteroids, termed "keys to life" by Rupert Witzmann, have a wide variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antishock, immunosuppressive, stress-response-enhancing, and antifertility activities, and steroid research has made great contributions to drug discovery and development. According to a chart compiled by the Njardarson group at the University of Arizona, 15 of the top 200 small-molecule drugs (by retail sales in 2022) are steroid-related compounds. Therefore, synthetic and medicinal chemists have long pursued the chemical synthesis of steroid natural products (SNPs) with diverse architectures, and vital progress has been achieved, especially in the twentieth century. In fact, several chemists have been rewarded with a Nobel Prize for original contributions to the isolation of steroids, the elucidation of their structures and biosynthetic pathways, and their chemical synthesis. However, in contrast to classical steroids, which have a 6/6/6/5-tetracyclic framework, rearranged steroids (i.e., abeo-steroids and secosteroids), which are derived from classical steroids by reorganization of one or more C-C bonds of the tetracyclic skeleton, have started to gain attention from the synthetic community only in the last two decades. These unique rearranged steroids have complex frameworks with high oxidation states, are rich in stereogenic centers, and have attractive biological activities, rendering them popular yet formidable synthetic targets.Our group has a strong interest in the efficient synthesis of SNPs and, drawing inspiration from nature, we have found that bioinspired skeletal reorganization (BSR) is an efficient strategy for synthesizing challenging rearranged steroids. Using this strategy, we recently achieved concise syntheses of five different kinds of SNPs (cyclocitrinols, propindilactone G, bufospirostenin A, pinnigorgiol B, and sarocladione) with considerably rearranged skeletons; our work also enabled us to reassign the originally proposed structure of sarocladione. In this Account, we summarize the proposed biosyntheses of these SNPs and describe our BSR approach for the rapid construction of their core frameworks. In the work described herein, information gleaned from the proposed biosyntheses allowed us to develop routes for chemical synthesis. However, in several cases, the synthetic precursors that we used for our BSR approach differed substantially from the intermediates in the proposed biosyntheses, indicating the considerable challenges we encountered during this synthetic campaign. It is worth mentioning that during our pursuit of concise and scalable syntheses of these natural products, we developed two methods for accessing synthetically challenging targets: a method for rapid construction of bridged-ring molecules by means of point-to-planar chirality transfer and a method for efficient construction of macrocyclic molecules via a novel ruthenium-catalyzed endoperoxide fragmentation. Our syntheses vividly demonstrate that consideration of natural product biosynthesis can greatly facilitate chemical synthesis, and we expect that the BSR approach will find additional applications in the efficient syntheses of other structurally complex steroid and terpenoid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinghan Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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Abstract
ConspectusSteroids continue to play a significant role in organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and drug discovery due to their important biological activities and diverse intriguing structures. Although synthetic organic chemists have successfully constructed and elaborated the classical [6-6-6-5] tetracyclic steroid skeleton for nearly a century, synthesis of the unusual rearranged steroids, particularly abeo-steroids with a medium-sized ring, remains a challenge in the synthetic community. Furthermore, the structures of abeo-steroids are complex and diverse, containing a seven-membered ring embedded in the fused or bridged A/B ring system and possessing numerous stereogenic centers. Besides their structural complexity, various abeo-steroids have shown remarkable biological activities. However, the relative scarcity of abeo-steroids in natural sources has impeded the systematic evaluation of their biological activities. In addition, direct strategies to build the core structures of abeo-steroids are very rare, partially because of the high ring-strain energies of their rearranged A/B ring systems. Therefore, the development of direct and efficient synthetic approaches to these complex molecules is highly desired.Our long-standing interest in the total synthesis of abeo-steroids and the development of new cycloaddition reactions for streamlining complex molecule synthesis have led us to develop a series of unique and powerful intramolecular cycloaddition strategies to access a diverse array of highly strained abeo-steroids. These strategies include Ru-catalyzed [5 + 2] cycloaddition, acid-promoted type I [5 + 2] cycloaddition, Rh-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition, and type II [5 + 2] cycloaddition. Since 2018, we have accomplished the first total syntheses of five synthetically challenging abeo-steroids, i.e., bufogargarizins A and B, phomarol, bufospirostenin A, and cyclocitrinol, thus facilitating the evaluation of their pharmacological potentials. In this Account, we summarize our laboratory's systematic efforts in the total synthesis of these abeo-steroids via cycloaddition strategies. We highlight the efficiency and versatility of each cycloaddition strategy for constructing structurally complex abeo-steroid cores by forming the A/B ring system. The evolution of each strategy and key lessons learned from the synthetic journey are also discussed. We believe that our unique perspective in this field will promote advances in the total synthesis of abeo- and related steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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4
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Hui C, Craggs L, Antonchick AP. Ring contraction in synthesis of functionalized carbocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8652-8675. [PMID: 36172989 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01080h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbocycles are a key and widely present structural motif in organic compounds. The construction of structurally intriguing carbocycles, such as highly-strained fused rings, spirocycles or highly-functionalized carbocycles with congested stereocenters, remains challenging in organic chemistry. Cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes within such carbocycles can be synthesized through ring contraction. These ring contractions involve re-arrangement of and/or small molecule extrusion from a parental ring, which is either a carbocycle or a heterocycle of larger size. This review provides an overview of synthetic methods for ring contractions to form cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes en route to structurally intriguing carbocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luke Craggs
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.,Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
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5
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Wu J, Liu J, Fan J, Xie Z, Qin H, Li C. Evolution of Routes for Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cyclocitrinol Enabled by Type
II
[5+2] Cycloaddition
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Junyang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Jian‐Hong Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Zhi‐Dong Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Hukun Qin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chuang‐Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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6
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Kaczanowska K, Trzaskowski B, Peszczyńska A, Tracz A, Gawin R, Olszewski TK, Skowerski K. Cross metathesis with acrylates:
N
‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐
versus
cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC)‐based ruthenium catalysts, an unanticipated influence of the carbene type on efficiency and selectivity of the reaction. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warszawa Poland
| | | | | | - Rafał Gawin
- Apeiron Synthesis SA Duńska 9 54-427 Wrocław Poland
| | - Tomasz K. Olszewski
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Faculty of Chemistry Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 29 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
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7
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Min L, Hu YJ, Fan JH, Zhang W, Li CC. Synthetic applications of type II intramolecular cycloadditions. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7015-7043. [PMID: 32869796 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00365d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type II intramolecular cycloadditions ([4+2], [4+3], [4+4] and [5+2]) have emerged recently as an efficient and powerful strategy for the construction of bridged ring systems. In general, type II cycloadditions provide access to a wide range of bridged bicyclo[m.n.1] ring systems with high regio- and diastereoselectivity in an easy and straightforward manner. In each section of this review, an overview of the corresponding type II cycloadditions is presented, which is followed by highlights of method development and synthetic applications in natural product synthesis. The goal of this review is to provide a survey of recent advances in the field covering literature up to 2020. The review will serve as a useful reference for organic chemists engaged in the total synthesis of natural products containing bridged bicyclo[m.n.1] ring systems and provide strong stimulus for invention and further advances in this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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8
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Min L, Liu X, Li CC. Total Synthesis of Natural Products with Bridged Bicyclo[m.n.1] Ring Systems via Type II [5 + 2] Cycloaddition. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:703-718. [PMID: 32069021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural products containing bridged ring systems are widely identified and show significant biological activity. The development of efficient synthesis reactions and strategies to construct bridged ring systems is a long-standing but very significant challenge in organic chemistry. In 2014, our group developed a unique type II [5 + 2] cycloaddition reaction that provides a facile and direct methodology for constructing highly functionalized bridged bicyclo[4.3.1], bicyclo[4.4.1], bicyclo[5.4.1], bicyclo[6.4.1], and other bicyclo[m.n.1] systems containing a strained bridgehead double bond. In this Account, we summarize the methodology development and report the results of application of our unique strategy for the total synthesis of several natural products with bridged ring systems (i.e., cyclocitrinol, cerorubenic acid-III, and vinigrol) during the past 5 years in our laboratory. In the first part, we introduce the logic behind the design and discovery of type II [5 + 2] cycloadditions. The substrates can be easily synthesized by a modular approach, followed by base-promoted group elimination under heat to form an oxidopyrylium ylide, which can undergo cycloaddition under relatively mild conditions with a variety of double bonds to generate bridged bicyclo[m.n.1] frameworks in high yield. The diastereocontrol and unique endo selectivity of this methodology are favorable for further application to the synthesis of complex natural products. In the second part, we highlight our endeavors in the total synthesis of several different types of molecules bearing bridged ring systems using our methodology. The bridged bicyclo[4.4.1] system is the core structure of two different types of natural products, cyclocitrinol and cerorubenic acid-III, that can be efficiently constructed by type II [5 + 2] cycloadditions. The development of suitable strategies and methods for site-selective cleavage of the C-O bond of the oxa-[3.2.1] ring system in the products of type II [5 + 2] cycloadditions is also discussed and highlighted during the syntheses. Moreover, the bridged bicyclo[5.3.1] system is the core structure of vinigrol, which can be constructed through a novel ring contraction sequence of the bicyclo[5.4.1] system formed by a type II [5 + 2] cycloaddition. By combining with a ring contraction cascade, we believe that type II [5 + 2] cycloadditions have the potential to be used as a unified approach to constructing natural products containing bridged bicyclo[m.n.1] frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
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9
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10
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Bartolo ND, Read JA, Valentín EM, Woerpel KA. Reactions of Allylmagnesium Reagents with Carbonyl Compounds and Compounds with C═N Double Bonds: Their Diastereoselectivities Generally Cannot Be Analyzed Using the Felkin-Anh and Chelation-Control Models. Chem Rev 2020; 120:1513-1619. [PMID: 31904936 PMCID: PMC7018623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the additions of allylmagnesium reagents to carbonyl compounds and to imines, focusing on the differences in reactivity between allylmagnesium halides and other Grignard reagents. In many cases, allylmagnesium reagents either react with low stereoselectivity when other Grignard reagents react with high selectivity, or allylmagnesium reagents react with the opposite stereoselectivity. This review collects hundreds of examples, discusses the origins of stereoselectivities or the lack of stereoselectivity, and evaluates why selectivity may not occur and when it will likely occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Bartolo
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100
Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Jacquelyne A. Read
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100
Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Valentín
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100
Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514
University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100
Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
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11
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Wang Y, Ju W, Tian H, Sun S, Li X, Tian W, Gui J. Facile Access to Bridged Ring Systems via Point-to-Planar Chirality Transfer: Unified Synthesis of Ten Cyclocitrinols. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5021-5033. [PMID: 30827095 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bridged ring systems are found in a wide variety of biologically active molecules including pharmaceuticals and natural products. However, the development of practical methods to access such systems with precise control of the planar chirality presents considerable challenges to synthetic chemists. In the context of our work on the synthesis of cyclocitrinols, a family of steroidal natural products, we herein report the development of a point-to-planar chirality transfer strategy for preparing bridged ring systems from readily accessible fused ring systems. Inspired by the proposed pathway for biosynthesis of cyclocitrinols from ergosterol, our strategy involves a bioinspired cascade rearrangement, which enabled the gram-scale synthesis of a common intermediate in nine steps and subsequent unified synthesis of 10 cyclocitrinols in an additional one to three steps. Our work provides experimental support for the proposed biosynthetic pathway and for the possible interrelationships between members of the cyclocitrinol family. In addition to being a convenient route to 5(10→19) abeo-steroids, our strategy also offers a generalized approach to bridged ring systems via point-to-planar chirality transfer. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the key cascade rearrangement involves a regioselective ring scission of a cyclopropylcarbinyl cation rather than a direct Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Wei Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Hailong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Suyun Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xinghui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Weisheng Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jinghan Gui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
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12
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Gao X, Xia M, Yuan C, Zhou L, Sun W, Li C, Wu B, Zhu D, Zhang C, Zheng B, Wang D, Guo H. Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Medium-Sized Cyclic Compounds via Tandem Cycloaddition/Cope Rearrangement Strategy. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Miaoren Xia
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chunhao Yuan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Leijie Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Dongyu Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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13
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Zhang J, Liao Z, Chen L, Jiang H, Zhu S. Construction of polycyclic bridged indene derivatives by a tandem 1,3-rearrangement/intramolecular Friedel-Crafts cyclization of propargyl acetates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7382-7385. [PMID: 31173008 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03715b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented Lewis acid-catalyzed cascade 1,3-rearrangement/Friedel-Crafts cyclization of propargyl acetates is developed for the construction of polycyclic bridged indene derivatives in moderate to good yields. This practical procedure features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and easy operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
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14
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Gao K, Zhang YG, Wang Z, Ding H. Recent development on the [5+2] cycloadditions and their application in natural product synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1859-1878. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09077g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The recent developments on the [5+2] cycloadditions and their application in the synthesis of complex natural products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Natural Products
- School of Advanced Study
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Natural Products
- School of Advanced Study
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Natural Products
- School of Advanced Study
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000
- P. R. China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Natural Products
- School of Advanced Study
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000
- P. R. China
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15
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Abstract
A 10-step synthesis of the C25 steroid natural product cyclocitrinol from inexpensive, commercially available pregnenolone is reported. This synthesis features a biomimetic cascade rearrangement to efficiently construct the challenging bicyclo[4.4.1] A/B ring system, which enabled a gram-scale synthesis of the bicyclo[4.4.1] enone intermediate 18 in only nine steps. This work also provides experimental support for the biosynthetic origin of cyclocitrinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Wei Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Hailong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Weisheng Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jinghan Gui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
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16
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Liu J, Wu J, Fan JH, Yan X, Mei G, Li CC. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cyclocitrinol. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5365-5369. [PMID: 29617567 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The first and asymmetric total synthesis of cyclocitrinol, an unusual C25 steroid, has been accomplished in a linear sequence of 18 steps from commercially available compound 11. The synthetically challenging bicyclo[4.4.1] A/B ring system with a strained bridgehead (anti-Bredt) double bond of cyclocitrinol was constructed efficiently and diastereoselectively via a type II intramolecular [5 + 2] cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Jianlei Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Jian-Hong Fan
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Guangjian Mei
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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17
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Theunissen C, Métayer B, Lecomte M, Henry N, Chan HC, Compain G, Gérard P, Bachmann C, Mokhtari N, Marrot J, Martin-Mingot A, Thibaudeau S, Evano G. Cationic polycyclization of ynamides: building up molecular complexity. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:4399-4416. [PMID: 28485455 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00850c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclization reactions are among the most efficient synthetic tools for the synthesis of complex, polycyclic molecules in a single operation from simple starting materials. We report in this manuscript a full account on the discovery and development of a novel cationic polycyclization from readily available ynamides. Simple activation of these building blocks under acidic conditions enables the generation of highly reactive activated keteniminium ions, which triggers an unprecedented cationic polycyclization yielding highly substituted polycyclic nitrogen heterocycles possessing up to seven fused cycles and three contiguous stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Theunissen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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18
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Liu J, Zou Y, Zhou L, Chai A, Wang C, Dang HS, Wang Q, Goeke A. A Practical Domino-Claisen-CopeSequence in the Synthesis of New Blooming Citrus and Potent Floral Rose Alcohols. Helv Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201700200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Fragrance Ingredients Research; Givaudan Fragrances (Shanghai) Ltd.; 298 Li Shi Zhen Road Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zou
- Fragrance Ingredients Research; Givaudan Fragrances (Shanghai) Ltd.; 298 Li Shi Zhen Road Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Fragrance Ingredients Research; Givaudan Fragrances (Shanghai) Ltd.; 298 Li Shi Zhen Road Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - An Chai
- Fragrance Ingredients Research; Givaudan Fragrances (Shanghai) Ltd.; 298 Li Shi Zhen Road Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Fragrance Ingredients Research; Givaudan Fragrances (Shanghai) Ltd.; 298 Li Shi Zhen Road Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Shan Dang
- Fragrance Ingredients Research; Givaudan Fragrances (Shanghai) Ltd.; 298 Li Shi Zhen Road Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Quanrui Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Andreas Goeke
- Fragrance Ingredients Research; Givaudan Schweiz AG; Überlandstrasse 138 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
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19
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Fereyduni E, Grenning AJ. Factors Governing and Application of the Cope Rearrangement of 3,3-Dicyano-1,5-dienes and Related Studies. Org Lett 2017; 19:4130-4133. [PMID: 28723219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cope and co-workers reported the [3,3] rearrangement of 3,3-dicyano-1,5-dienes in the early 1940s ("The Cope rearrangement"). However, these original substrates have remained largely unstudied until recently. Herein we explore styrene-deconjugating Cope rearrangements, a diastereoselective Cope rearrangement/deconjugative α-allylation sequence, and factors governing α- vs γ-allylation regioselectivity of Knoevenagel adduct allyl anions. Ultimately, these studies result in the synthesis of diverse and functionally dense polycycloalkane frameworks from abundant reagents using simple chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Fereyduni
- University of Florida , Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Alexander J Grenning
- University of Florida , Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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20
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Boon BA, Green AG, Liu P, Houk KN, Merlic CA. Using Ring Strain to Control 4π-Electrocyclization Reactions: Torquoselectivity in Ring Closing of Medium-Ring Dienes and Ring Opening of Bicyclic Cyclobutenes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4613-4624. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byron A. Boon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Aaron G. Green
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260-3900, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Craig A. Merlic
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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21
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Schwarzwalder GM, Scott DR, Vanderwal CD. A Synthesis of Exiguaquinol Dessulfate. Chemistry 2016; 22:17953-17957. [PMID: 27673578 PMCID: PMC6028001 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A concise and stereoselective synthesis of exiguaquinol dessulfate is described. Sequential application of a Diels-Alder cycloaddition, a desymmetrizing aldol addition, and a reductive Heck cyclization established most of the architecture of exiguaquinol, and a carefully choreographed introduction of the polar substituents afforded the title compound; unfortunately, naphthoquinol sulfation could not be achieved to deliver exiguaquinol. Our hypothesis regarding the configurational preference of the N-acyl hemiaminal, which was based upon an analysis of internal hydrogen-bonding interactions with polar functional groups, was proven correct. A late-stage intermediate did not demonstrate bactericidal activity against H. pylori cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg M Schwarzwalder
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
| | - David R Scott
- Department of Physiology, UC Los Angeles/VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11310 Wilshire Blvd, Bldg. 113, Rm. 324, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Christopher D Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
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22
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Zhang Y, Xue Y, Li G, Yuan H, Luo T. Enantioselective synthesis of Iboga alkaloids and vinblastine via rearrangements of quaternary ammoniums. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5530-5536. [PMID: 30034694 PMCID: PMC6021789 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00932h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and novel strategy for the enantioselective syntheses of various iboga alkaloids has been developed. The salient features include a gold-catalyzed oxidation of a terminal alkyne followed by cyclization, a Stevens rearrangement and a tandem sequence that combines the gold-catalyzed oxidation, cyclization and [1,2]-shift. The catharanthine analogs provided by our approach were further converted to the vinca alkaloid vinblastine and its analogs, which confirmed the remarkable sensitivity of the cytotoxicity to the C20' substituent of vinblastine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Yibin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
| | - Haosen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
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23
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2014. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Yu X, Su F, Liu C, Yuan H, Zhao S, Zhou Z, Quan T, Luo T. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Various Amphilectane and Serrulatane Diterpenoids via Cope Rearrangements. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6261-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry
of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Su
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry
of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry
of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haosen Yuan
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry
of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry
of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiyao Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry
of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianfei Quan
- Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry
of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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25
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Ardkhean R, Caputo DFJ, Morrow SM, Shi H, Xiong Y, Anderson EA. Cascade polycyclizations in natural product synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1557-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00105f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cascade (domino) reactions have an unparalleled ability to generate molecular complexity from relatively simple starting materials; these transformations are particularly appealing when multiple rings are forged during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - H. Shi
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Y. Xiong
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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26
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Yang S, Yuan W, Xu Q, Shi M. Iron(III)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of Acetal–Vinylidenecyclopropanes: An Efficient Synthetic Route to 1,2‐Disubstituted Cyclobutenes. Chemistry 2015; 21:15964-9. [PMID: 26383049 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai, 200237 (P. R. China)
| | - Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032 (P. R. China)
| | - Qin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai, 200237 (P. R. China)
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai, 200237 (P. R. China)
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032 (P. R. China)
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27
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Otte DAL, Woerpel KA. Evidence that Additions of Grignard Reagents to Aliphatic Aldehydes Do Not Involve Single-Electron-Transfer Processes. Org Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A. L. Otte
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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28
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Bailey GA, Fogg DE. Acrylate metathesis via the second-generation Grubbs catalyst: unexpected pathways enabled by a PCy3-generated enolate. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7318-21. [PMID: 26030596 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diverse applications of acrylate metathesis range from synthesis of high-value α,β-unsaturated esters to depolymerization of unsaturated polymers. Examined here are unexpected side reactions promoted by the important Grubbs catalyst GII. Evidence is presented for attack of PCy3 on the acrylate olefin to generate a reactive carbanion, which participates in multiple pathways, including further Michael addition, proton abstraction, and catalyst deactivation. Related chemistry may be anticipated whenever labile metal-phosphine complexes are used to catalyze reactions of substrates bearing an electron-deficient olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A Bailey
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Deryn E Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
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29
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Mei G, Liu X, Qiao C, Chen W, Li CC. Type II Intramolecular [5+2] Cycloaddition: Facile Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Bridged Ring Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Mei G, Liu X, Qiao C, Chen W, Li CC. Type II Intramolecular [5+2] Cycloaddition: Facile Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Bridged Ring Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1754-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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