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Matuszek K, Kar M, Pringle JM, MacFarlane DR. Phase Change Materials for Renewable Energy Storage at Intermediate Temperatures. Chem Rev 2023; 123:491-514. [PMID: 36417460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thermal energy storage technologies utilizing phase change materials (PCMs) that melt in the intermediate temperature range, between 100 and 220 °C, have the potential to mitigate the intermittency issues of wind and solar energy. This technology can take thermal or electrical energy from renewable sources and store it in the form of heat. This is of particular utility when the end use of the energy is also as heat. For this purpose, the material should have a phase change between 100 and 220 °C with a high latent heat of fusion. Although a range of PCMs are known for this temperature range, many of these materials are not practically viable for stability and safety reasons, a perspective not often clear in the primary literature. This review examines the recent development of thermal energy storage materials for application with renewables, the different material classes, their physicochemical properties, and the chemical structural origins of their advantageous thermal properties. Perspectives on further research directions needed to reach the goal of large scale, highly efficient, inexpensive, and reliable intermediate temperature thermal energy storage technologies are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Matuszek
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Mega Kar
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Pringle
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Burwood, Burwood, Victoria3125, Australia
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2
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Yan Y, Zhang J, Ren G, Zhou L, Liu L, Zhang X, Chen L, Ouyang C, Han J. Monitoring MgCl 2 hydrate formation from aqueous solutions using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23490-23496. [PMID: 36128999 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03231g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of MgCl2 with H2O is heavily involved in biological and chemical processes. In this work, freezing-induced hydrate formation from MgCl2 aqueous solution was monitored using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. At low temperatures, two phase transitions from brine to hydrate formation could be clearly observed, and the formation of hydrate was accompanied by the emergence of new THz fingerprint peaks at 1.02, 1.56, and 1.84 THz, respectively. Integrating XRD and quantum chemical calculations, we attributed the absorption peaks to the vibrational modes of the formed MgCl2·12H2O. This demonstrates the potential of THz spectroscopy for application in the detection of biological processes in low-temperature environments, such as cell freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Yan
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, China.
| | - Guanhua Ren
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, China.
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, China.
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, China.
| | - Ligang Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Chunmei Ouyang
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, China.
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Kimizuka N. Formation of NaCl eutectics in water-in-oil emulsion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25630-25638. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03061f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It is shown by thermal analysis and optical microscopy observations that when an NaCl aqueous solution is cooled as a water-in-oil emulsion, a metastable eutectic is formed that has a eutectic point at around −28 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Kimizuka
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
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Chen L, Ren G, Liu L, Guo P, Wang E, Zhu Z, Yang J, Shen J, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Zhang J, Yang B, Zhang W, Gao Y, Zhao H, Han J. Probing NaCl hydrate formation from aqueous solutions by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17791-17797. [PMID: 32578603 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01571g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cooling-induced formation of a hydrate in aqueous NaCl solutions was probed using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). It was found that the NaCl hydrate formation is accompanied by the emergence of four new absorption peaks at 1.60, 2.43, 3.34 and 3.78 THz. Combining X-ray diffraction measurements with solid-state based density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we assign the observed terahertz absorption peaks to the vibrational modes of the formed NaCl·2H2O hydrate during cooling. This work shows that THz-TDS based analysis has great potential in studying ionic hydrates and the newly revealed collective vibrational modes could be sensitive indicators to achieve quantitative analysis in phase transitions and lattice dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China. and Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China. and Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Guanhua Ren
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China. and Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China. and Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pan Guo
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Endong Wang
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhu
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jinrong Yang
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jianxiong Shen
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Zongchang Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Lu Zhou
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China. and Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Chester, Thornton Science Park, Chester, CH2 4NU, UK
| | - Weili Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China. and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Yi Gao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China. and Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China. and Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
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Lovering KA, Chou KC. Insights into Ice Formation via Immersion Freezing from Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lützenkirchen J, Franks G, Plaschke M, Zimmermann R, Heberling F, Abdelmonem A, Darbha G, Schild D, Filby A, Eng P, Catalano J, Rosenqvist J, Preocanin T, Aytug T, Zhang D, Gan Y, Braunschweig B. The surface chemistry of sapphire-c: A literature review and a study on various factors influencing its IEP. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 251:1-25. [PMID: 29287789 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of isoelectric points (IEPs) has been reported in the literature for sapphire-c (α-alumina), also referred to as basal plane, (001) or (0001), single crystals. Interestingly, the available data suggest that the variation of IEPs is comparable to the range of IEPs encountered for particles, although single crystals should be much better defined in terms of surface structure. One explanation for the range of IEPs might be the obvious danger of contaminating the small surface areas of single crystal samples while exposing them to comparatively large solution reservoirs. Literature suggests that factors like origin of the sample, sample treatment or the method of investigation all have an influence on the surfaces and it is difficult to clearly separate the respective, individual effects. In the present study, we investigate cause-effect relationships to better understand the individual effects. The reference IEP of our samples is between 4 and 4.5. High temperature treatment tends to decrease the IEP of sapphire-c as does UV treatment. Increasing the initial miscut (i.e. the divergence from the expected orientation of the crystal) tends to increase the IEP as does plasma cleaning, which can be understood assuming that the surfaces have become less hydrophobic due to the presence of more and/or larger steps with increasing miscut or due to amorphisation of the surface caused by plasma cleaning. Pre-treatment at very high pH caused an increase in the IEP. Surface treatments that led to IEPs different from the stable value of reference samples typically resulted in surfaces that were strongly affected by subsequent exposure to water. The streaming potential data appear to relax to the reference sample behavior after a period of time of water exposure. Combination of the zeta-potential measurements with AFM investigations support the idea that atomically smooth surfaces exhibit lower IEPs, while rougher surfaces (roughness on the order of nanometers) result in higher IEPs compared to reference samples. Two supplementary investigations resulted in either surprising or ambiguous results. On very rough surfaces (roughness on the order of micrometers) the IEP lowered compared to the reference sample with nanometer-scale roughness and transient behavior of the rough surfaces was observed. Furthermore, differences in the IEP as obtained from streaming potential and static colloid adhesion measurements may suggest that hydrodynamics play a role in streaming potential experiments. We finally relate surface diffraction data from previous studies to possible interpretations of our electrokinetic data to corroborate the presence of a water film that can explain the low IEP. Calculations show that the surface diffraction data are in line with the presence of a water film, however, they do not allow to unambiguously resolve critical features of this film which might explain the observed surface chemical characteristics like the dangling OH-bond reported in sum frequency generation studies. A broad literature review on properties of related surfaces shows that the presence of such water films could in many cases affect the interfacial properties. Persistence or not of the water film can be crucial. The presence of the water film can in principle affect important processes like ice-nucleation, wetting behavior, electric charging, etc.
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Singla S, Anim-Danso E, Islam AE, Ngo Y, Kim SS, Naik RR, Dhinojwala A. Insight on Structure of Water and Ice Next to Graphene Using Surface-Sensitive Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4899-4906. [PMID: 28448717 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The water/graphene interface has received considerable attention in the past decade due to its relevance in various potential applications including energy storage, sensing, desalination, and catalysis. Most of our knowledge about the interfacial water structure next to graphene stems from simulations, which use experimentally measured water contact angles (WCAs) on graphene (or graphite) to estimate the water-graphene interaction strength. However, the existence of a wide spectrum of reported WCAs on supported graphene and graphitic surfaces makes it difficult to interpret the water-graphene interactions. Here, we have used surface-sensitive infrared-visible sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to probe the interfacial water structure next to graphene supported on a sapphire substrate. In addition, the ice nucleation properties of graphene have been explored by performing in situ freezing experiments as graphitic surfaces are considered good ice nucleators. For graphene supported on sapphire, we observed a strong SFG peak associated with highly coordinated, ordered water next to graphene. Similar ordering was not detected next to bare sapphire, implying that the observed ordering of water molecules in the former case is a consequence of the presence of graphene. Our analysis indicates that graphene behaves like a hydrophobic (or negatively charged) surface, leading to enhanced ordering of water molecules. Although liquid water orders next to graphene, the ice formed is proton disordered. This research sheds light on water-graphene interactions relevant in optimizing the performance of graphene in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranshu Singla
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Emmanuel Anim-Danso
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
- Solvay Speciality Polymers , 4500 McGinnis Ferry Road, Alpharetta, Georgia 30005, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Ali Dhinojwala
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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Lovering KA, Bertram AK, Chou KC. Transient Phase of Ice Observed by Sum Frequency Generation at the Water/Mineral Interface During Freezing. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:871-875. [PMID: 28151687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We observed a transient noncentrosymmetric phase of ice at water/mineral interfaces during freezing, which enhanced the intensity of the IR-visible sum frequency generation intensity by up to 20-fold. The lifetime of the transient phase was several minutes. Since the most stable form of ice, hexagonal and cubic ice, are centrosymmetric, our study suggests the transient existence of stacking-disordered ice during the freezing process at water/mineral interfaces. Stacking-disordered ice, which has only been observed in bulk ice at temperatures lower than -20 °C, is a random mixture of layers of hexagonal ice and cubic ice. However, the transient phase at the ice/mineral interface was observed at temperatures as high as -1 °C. It suggests that the mineral surface may play a role in promoting and stabilizing the formation of stacking-disordered ice at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A Lovering
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Allan K Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Keng C Chou
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Zhang Y, Anim-Danso E, Bekele S, Dhinojwala A. Effect of Surface Energy on Freezing Temperature of Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:17583-90. [PMID: 27314147 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that superhydrophobic surfaces are effective in delaying freezing of water droplets. However, the freezing process of water droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces depends on factors such as droplet size, surface area, roughness, and cooling rate. The role of surface energy, independent of any other parameters, in delaying freezing of water is not understood. Here, we have used infrared-visible sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) to study the freezing of water next to solid substrates with water contact angles varying from 5° to 110°. We find that the freezing temperature of water decreases with increasing surface hydrophobicity only when the sample volume is small (∼10 μL). For a larger volume of water (∼300 μL), the freezing temperature is independent of surface energy. For water next to the surfaces with contact angle ≥54°, we observe a strong SFG peak associated with highly coordinated water. This research sheds new light on understanding the key factors in designing new anti-icing coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Emmanuel Anim-Danso
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Selemon Bekele
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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