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Chu MJ, Li M, Zhao Y. Dimeric pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids: sources, structures, bioactivities and biosynthesis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106332. [PMID: 36773454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids (PIAs) constitute a highly diverse and densely functionalized subclass of marine natural products. Among them, the uncommon dimeric PIAs with ornate molecular architectures, attractive biological properties and interesting biosynthetic origin have spurred a considerable interest of chemists and biologists. The present review comprehensively summarized 84 dimeric PIAs discovered during the period from 1981 to September 2022, covering their source organisms, chemical structures, biological activities as well as biosynthesis. For a better understanding, these structurally intricate PIA dimers are firstly classified and presented according to their carbon skeleton features as well as biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, relevant summaries focusing on the source organisms and the associated bioactivities of these compounds belonging to different chemical classes are also provided, which will help elucidate the fascinating chemistry and biology of these unusual PIA dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jun Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yongda Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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2
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Fisher JF, Mobashery S. β-Lactams from the Ocean. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:86. [PMID: 36827127 PMCID: PMC9963991 DOI: 10.3390/md21020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The title of this essay is as much a question as it is a statement. The discovery of the β-lactam antibiotics-including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems-as largely (if not exclusively) secondary metabolites of terrestrial fungi and bacteria, transformed modern medicine. The antibiotic β-lactams inactivate essential enzymes of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis. Moreover, the ability of the β-lactams to function as enzyme inhibitors is of such great medical value, that inhibitors of the enzymes which degrade hydrolytically the β-lactams, the β-lactamases, have equal value. Given this privileged status for the β-lactam ring, it is therefore a disappointment that the exemplification of this ring in marine secondary metabolites is sparse. It may be that biologically active marine β-lactams are there, and simply have yet to be encountered. In this report, we posit a second explanation: that the value of the β-lactam to secure an ecological advantage in the marine environment might be compromised by its close structural similarity to the β-lactones of quorum sensing. The steric and reactivity similarities between the β-lactams and the β-lactones represent an outside-of-the-box opportunity for correlating new structures and new enzyme targets for the discovery of compelling biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 354 McCourtney Hall, University of Note Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46656-5670, USA
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 354 McCourtney Hall, University of Note Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46656-5670, USA
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3
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An JM, Kang S, Koh CW, Park S, Oh MS, Kim D. Sceptrin-Au nano-aggregates (SANA) for overcoming drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:873-882. [PMID: 35818999 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the recent advances in medical nanotechnology has been the development of nanoformulations to overcome drug-resistant bacterial infections. Herein, we disclose a new nano-antibiotic formulation based on sceptrin-Au nano-aggregates (SANA), which are drug-metal ion multiple complexes. Sceptrin is a natural compound from a marine organism (sponge) and was reported as a potential compound with drug activities. SANA consists of a sceptrin-Au ion and is a self-assembled nano-formation with electrostatic interaction. Interestingly, SANA showed superior antibiotic/antibiofilm activity toward carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria with low toxicity to red blood cells and endothelial cells. The working mechanism of SANA was identified with analysis of the extracellular reactive oxygen species level and membrane depolarization of bacteria. The feasibility of SANA as a new nano-antibiotic was demonstrated in CRPA-contaminated medical supplies where SANA inhibited the formation of biofilms as well as the growth of CRPA. This work presents a new concept for the development of next-generation nano-antibiotics and a more feasible clinical translational pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min An
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangrim Kang
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, 28459, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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4
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Wagh SB, Maslivetc VA, La Clair JJ, Kornienko A. Lessons in Organic Fluorescent Probe Discovery. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3109-3139. [PMID: 34062039 PMCID: PMC8595615 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes have gained profound use in biotechnology, drug discovery, medical diagnostics, molecular and cell biology. The development of methods for the translation of fluorophores into fluorescent probes continues to be a robust field for medicinal chemists and chemical biologists, alike. Access to new experimental designs has enabled molecular diversification and led to the identification of new approaches to probe discovery. This review provides a synopsis of the recent lessons in modern fluorescent probe discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin B Wagh
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, USA
| | - Vladimir A Maslivetc
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, USA
| | - James J La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute, P. O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA, 92163-1062, USA
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, USA
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5
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Ambrose AJ, Pham NT, Sivinski J, Guimarães L, Mollasalehi N, Jimenez P, Abad MA, Jeyaprakash AA, Shave S, Costa-Lotufo LV, La Clair JJ, Auer M, Chapman E. A two-step resin based approach to reveal survivin-selective fluorescent probes. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:181-186. [PMID: 34458780 PMCID: PMC8342005 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00122h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of modulators for proteins without assayable biochemical activity remains a challenge in chemical biology. The presented approach adapts a high-throughput fluorescence binding assay and functional chromatography, two protein-resin technologies, enabling the discovery and isolation of fluorescent natural product probes that target proteins independently of biochemical function. The resulting probes also suggest targetable pockets for lead discovery. Using human survivin as a model, we demonstrate this method with the discovery of members of the prodiginine family as fluorescent probes to the cancer target survivin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ambrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Nhan T Pham
- School of Biological Sciences and Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh The King's Buildings CH Waddington Building 3.07 Max Born Crescent Edinburgh EH9 3BF UK
| | - Jared Sivinski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Larissa Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Niloufar Mollasalehi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Paula Jimenez
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo Santos SP 11.070-100 Brazil
| | - Maria A Abad
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3BF UK
| | | | - Steven Shave
- School of Biological Sciences and Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh The King's Buildings CH Waddington Building 3.07 Max Born Crescent Edinburgh EH9 3BF UK
| | | | - James J La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute P. O. Box 3052 San Diego CA 92163-1052 USA
| | - Manfred Auer
- School of Biological Sciences and Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh The King's Buildings CH Waddington Building 3.07 Max Born Crescent Edinburgh EH9 3BF UK
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of the Efficacy of Bromoageliferin, an Alkaloid Isolated from the Sponge Agelas dilatata, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060326. [PMID: 32585891 PMCID: PMC7345159 DOI: 10.3390/md18060326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyrrole-imidazoles, a group of alkaloids commonly found in marine sponges belonging to the genus Agelas, display a wide range of biological activities. Herein, we report the first chemical study of the secondary metabolites of the sponge A. dilatata from the coastal area of the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico). In this study, we isolated eight known alkaloids from an organic extract of the sponge. We used NMR and MS analysis and comparison with existing databases to characterize the alkaloids: ageliferin (1), bromoageliferin (2), dibromoageliferin (3), sceptrin (4), nakamuric acid (5), 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (6), 4,5-dibromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (7) and 3,7-dimethylisoguanine (8). We also evaluated, for the first time, the activity of these alkaloids against the most problematic multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, i.e., the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. Bromoageliferin (2) displayed significant activity against P. aeruginosa. Comparison of the antibacterial activity of ageliferins 1–3 (of similar structure) against P. aeruginosa revealed some relationship between structure and activity. Furthermore, in in vitro assays, 2 inhibited growth and biofilm production in clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. Moreover, 2 increased the survival time in an in vivo Galleria mellonella model of infection. The findings confirm bromoageliferin (2) as a potential lead for designing new antibacterial drugs.
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7
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Awuni E. Status of Targeting MreB for the Development of Antibiotics. Front Chem 2020; 7:884. [PMID: 31998684 PMCID: PMC6965359 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many prospective antibiotic targets are known, bacterial infections and resistance to antibiotics remain a threat to public health partly because the druggable potentials of most of these targets have yet to be fully tapped for the development of a new generation of therapeutics. The prokaryotic actin homolog MreB is one of the important antibiotic targets that are yet to be significantly exploited. MreB is a bacterial cytoskeleton protein that has been widely studied and is associated with the determination of rod shape as well as important subcellular processes including cell division, chromosome segregation, cell wall morphogenesis, and cell polarity. Notwithstanding that MreB is vital and conserved in most rod-shaped bacteria, no approved antibiotics targeting it are presently available. Here, the status of targeting MreB for the development of antibiotics is concisely summarized. Expressly, the known therapeutic targets and inhibitors of MreB are presented, and the way forward in the search for a new generation of potent inhibitors of MreB briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Awuni
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, CANS, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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8
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Rizk SA, Shaban S, Sallam HA. A facile synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of conjugated 8‐azacoumarins based on DFT parameters. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh A. Rizk
- Chemistry Department, Science FacultyAin Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Safa Shaban
- Chemistry Department, Science FacultyAin Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Sallam
- Chemistry Department, Science FacultyAin Shams University Cairo Egypt
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9
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Pathway-Directed Screen for Inhibitors of the Bacterial Cell Elongation Machinery. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 63:AAC.01530-18. [PMID: 30323039 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01530-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
New antibiotics are needed to combat the growing problem of resistant bacterial infections. An attractive avenue toward the discovery of such next-generation therapies is to identify novel inhibitors of clinically validated targets, like cell wall biogenesis. We have therefore developed a pathway-directed whole-cell screen for small molecules that block the activity of the Rod system of Escherichia coli This conserved multiprotein complex is required for cell elongation and the morphogenesis of rod-shaped bacteria. It is composed of cell wall synthases and membrane proteins of unknown function that are organized by filaments of the actin-like MreB protein. Our screen takes advantage of the conditional essentiality of the Rod system and the ability of the beta-lactam mecillinam (also known as amdinocillin) to cause a toxic malfunctioning of the machinery. Rod system inhibitors can therefore be identified as molecules that promote growth in the presence of mecillinam under conditions permissive for the growth of Rod- cells. A screen of ∼690,000 compounds identified 1,300 compounds that were active against E. coli Pathway-directed screening of a majority of this subset of compounds for Rod inhibitors successfully identified eight analogs of the MreB antagonist A22. Further characterization of the A22 analogs identified showed that their antibiotic activity under conditions where the Rod system is essential was strongly correlated with their ability to suppress mecillinam toxicity. This result combined with those from additional biological studies reinforce the notion that A22-like molecules are relatively specific for MreB and suggest that the lipoprotein transport factor LolA is unlikely to be a physiologically relevant target as previously proposed.
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10
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A key function for microtubule-associated-protein 6 in activity-dependent stabilisation of actin filaments in dendritic spines. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3775. [PMID: 30224655 PMCID: PMC6141585 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are implicated in synaptic function; in particular, mice deficient for MAP6 exhibit striking deficits in plasticity and cognition. How MAP6 connects to plasticity mechanisms is unclear. Here, we address the possible role of this protein in dendritic spines. We find that in MAP6-deficient cortical and hippocampal neurons, maintenance of mature spines is impaired, and can be restored by expressing a stretch of the MAP6 sequence called Mc modules. Mc modules directly bind actin filaments and mediate activity-dependent stabilisation of F-actin in dendritic spines, a key event of synaptic plasticity. In vitro, Mc modules enhance actin filament nucleation and promote the formation of stable, highly ordered filament bundles. Activity-induced phosphorylation of MAP6 likely controls its transfer to the spine cytoskeleton. These results provide a molecular explanation for the role of MAP6 in cognition, enlightening the connection between cytoskeletal dysfunction, synaptic impairment and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6) is known to be important for synaptic plasticity and cognition, supposedly via interaction with microtubules. Here, the authors found that MAP6 is crucial for the stabilisation of enlarged synapses through its association with a different cytoskeletal element, actin.
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11
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Barra L, Barac P, König GM, Crüsemann M, Dickschat JS. Volatiles from the fungal microbiome of the marine sponge Callyspongia cf. flammea. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:7411-7421. [PMID: 28872169 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The volatiles emitted by five fungal strains previously isolated from the marine sponge Callyspongia cf. flammea were captured with a closed-loop stripping apparatus (CLSA) and analyzed by GC-MS. Besides several widespread compounds, a series of metabolites with interesting bioactivities were found, including the quorum sensing inhibitor protoanemonin, the fungal phytotoxin 3,4-dimethylpentan-4-olide, and the insect attractant 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene. In addition, the aromatic polyketides isotorquatone and chartabomone that are both known from Eucalyptus and a new O-desmethyl derivative were identified. The biosynthesis of isotorquatone was studied by feeding experiments with isotopically labeled precursors and its absolute configuration was determined by enantioselective synthesis of a reference compound. Bioactivity testings showed algicidal activity for some of the identified compounds, suggesting a potential ecological function in sponge defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Barra
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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12
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Barra L, Dickschat JS. Sceptrin - Enantioselective Synthesis of a Tetrasubstituted all-trans
Cyclobutane Key Intermediate. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Barra
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University of Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University of Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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13
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van Teeseling MCF, de Pedro MA, Cava F. Determinants of Bacterial Morphology: From Fundamentals to Possibilities for Antimicrobial Targeting. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1264. [PMID: 28740487 PMCID: PMC5502672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial morphology is extremely diverse. Specific shapes are the consequence of adaptive pressures optimizing bacterial fitness. Shape affects critical biological functions, including nutrient acquisition, motility, dispersion, stress resistance and interactions with other organisms. Although the characteristic shape of a bacterial species remains unchanged for vast numbers of generations, periodical variations occur throughout the cell (division) and life cycles, and these variations can be influenced by environmental conditions. Bacterial morphology is ultimately dictated by the net-like peptidoglycan (PG) sacculus. The species-specific shape of the PG sacculus at any time in the cell cycle is the product of multiple determinants. Some morphological determinants act as a cytoskeleton to guide biosynthetic complexes spatiotemporally, whereas others modify the PG sacculus after biosynthesis. Accumulating evidence supports critical roles of morphogenetic processes in bacteria-host interactions, including pathogenesis. Here, we review the molecular determinants underlying morphology, discuss the evidence linking bacterial morphology to niche adaptation and pathogenesis, and examine the potential of morphological determinants as antimicrobial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel C F van Teeseling
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Miguel A de Pedro
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Cava
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
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14
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Lindel T. Chemistry and Biology of the Pyrrole–Imidazole Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2017; 77:117-219. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Daletos G, Ancheeva E, Chaidir C, Kalscheuer R, Proksch P. Antimycobacterial Metabolites from Marine Invertebrates. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:763-773. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Daletos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology; Heinrich-Heine-University; Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Elena Ancheeva
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology; Heinrich-Heine-University; Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Chaidir Chaidir
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology; Agency for the Assessment and Application Technology; Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology; Heinrich-Heine-University; Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology; Heinrich-Heine-University; Duesseldorf Germany
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16
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Kang M, Wu T, Wijeratne EMK, Lau EC, Mason DJ, Mesa C, Tillotson J, Zhang DD, Gunatilaka AAL, La Clair JJ, Chapman E. Functional chromatography reveals three natural products that target the same protein with distinct mechanisms of action. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2125-31. [PMID: 25125376 PMCID: PMC4187115 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Access to lead compounds with defined molecular targets continues to be a barrier to the translation of natural product resources. As a solution, we developed a system that uses discrete, recombinant proteins as the vehicles for natural product isolation. Here, we describe the use of this functional chromatographic method to identify natural products that bind to the AAA+ chaperone, p97, a promising cancer target. Application of this method to a panel of fungal and plant extracts identified rheoemodin, 1-hydroxydehydroherbarin, and phomapyrrolidone A as distinct p97 modulators. Excitingly, each of these molecules displayed a unique mechanism of p97 modulation. This discovery provides strong support for the application of functional chromatography to the discovery of protein modulators that would likely escape traditional high-throughput or phenotypic screening platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJin Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, United States
| | - Tongde Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, United States
| | - E. M. Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85706-6800, United States
| | - Eric C. Lau
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, United States
| | - Damian J. Mason
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, United States
| | - Celestina Mesa
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, United States
| | - Joseph Tillotson
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, United States
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, United States
| | - A. A. Leslie Gunatilaka
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85706-6800, United States
| | - James J. La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute, P. O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA 92163-1052, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, United States
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17
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Eey STC, Lear MJ. Total Synthesis of (−)-Platensimycin by Advancing Oxocarbenium- and Iminium-Mediated Catalytic Methods. Chemistry 2014; 20:11556-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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La Clair JJ, Loveridge ST, Tenney K, O'Neil–Johnson M, Chapman E, Crews P. In situ natural product discovery via an artificial marine sponge. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100474. [PMID: 25004127 PMCID: PMC4086721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is continuing international interest in exploring and developing the therapeutic potential of marine–derived small molecules. Balancing the strategies for ocean based sampling of source organisms versus the potential to endanger fragile ecosystems poses a substantial challenge. In order to mitigate such environmental impacts, we have developed a deployable artificial sponge. This report provides details on its design followed by evidence that it faithfully recapitulates traditional natural product collection protocols. Retrieving this artificial sponge from a tropical ecosystem after deployment for 320 hours afforded three actin–targeting jasplakinolide depsipeptides that had been discovered two decades earlier using traditional sponge specimen collection and isolation procedures. The successful outcome achieved here could reinvigorate marine natural products research, by producing new environmentally innocuous sources of natural products and providing a means to probe the true biosynthetic origins of complex marine–derived scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJL); (PC); (EC)
| | - Steven T. Loveridge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Tenney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Mark O'Neil–Johnson
- Lead Discovery and Rapid Structure Elucidation Group, Sequoia Sciences, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJL); (PC); (EC)
| | - Phillip Crews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJL); (PC); (EC)
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Stout EP, Wang YG, Romo D, Molinski TF. Pyrrole aminoimidazole alkaloid metabiosynthesis with marine sponges Agelas conifera and Stylissa caribica. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4877-81. [PMID: 22473581 PMCID: PMC3917718 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Game-SET-match: Pyrrole aminoimidazole alkaloids (PAIs) are metabiosynthesized from chlorinated analogues of oroidin by cell-free enzyme preparations from PAI-producing sponges. Evidence and implications for the biosynthesis of PAIs include putative single-electron transfers (SETs) that promote C-C bond-forming reactions of precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Paige Stout
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Yong-Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842 (USA)
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842 (USA)
| | - Tadeusz F. Molinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
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20
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Pyrrole Aminoimidazole Alkaloid Metabiosynthesis with Marine Sponges Agelas conifera and Stylissa caribica. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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La Clair JJ, Rodríguez AD. Isolation of the β-galactosphingolipid coniferoside using a tumor cell proteome reverse affinity protocol. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6645-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Seiple IB, Su S, Young IS, Nakamura A, Yamaguchi J, Jørgensen L, Rodriguez RA, O’Malley DP, Gaich T, Köck M, Baran PS. Enantioselective total syntheses of (-)-palau'amine, (-)-axinellamines, and (-)-massadines. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14710-26. [PMID: 21861522 PMCID: PMC3173569 DOI: 10.1021/ja2047232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dimeric pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids represent a rich and topologically unique class of marine natural products. This full account will follow the progression of efforts that culminated in the enantioselective total syntheses of the most structurally ornate members of this family: the axinellamines, the massadines, and palau'amine. A bio-inspired approach capitalizing on the pseudo-symmetry of the members of this class is recounted, delivering a deschloro derivative of the natural product core. Next, the enantioselective synthesis of the chlorocyclopentane core featuring a scalable, catalytic, enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction of a 1-siloxydiene is outlined in detail. Finally, the successful divergent conversion of this core to each of the aforementioned natural products, and the ensuing methodological developments, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian B. Seiple
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | | | | | - Akifumi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Lars Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Rodrigo A. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Daniel P. O’Malley
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Tanja Gaich
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Matthias Köck
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037
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23
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Foss MH, Eun YJ, Weibel DB. Chemical-biological studies of subcellular organization in bacteria. Biochemistry 2011; 50:7719-34. [PMID: 21823588 DOI: 10.1021/bi200940d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The subcellular organization of biological molecules is a critical determinant of many bacterial processes, including growth, replication of the genome, and division, yet the details of many mechanisms that control intracellular organization remain unknown. Decoding this information will impact the field of bacterial physiology and can provide insight into eukaryotic biology, including related processes in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Small molecule probes provide unique advantages in studying these mechanisms and manipulating the organization of biomolecules in live bacterial cells. In this review, we describe small molecules that are available for investigating subcellular organization in bacteria, specifically targeting FtsZ, MreB, peptidoglycan, and lipid bilayers. We discuss how these probes have been used to study microbiological questions and conclude by providing suggestions about important areas in which chemical-biological approaches will have a revolutionary impact on the study of bacterial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie H Foss
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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24
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Vera B, Rodríguez AD, La Clair JJ. Aplysqualenol A binds to the light chain of dynein type 1 (DYNLL1). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8134-8. [PMID: 21744448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A bidirectional affinity system has been developed for the identification of cancer-related natural products and their biological targets. Aplysqualenol A is thus selectively identified as a ligand of the dynein light chain. The use of forward and reverse affinity methods suggests that both small-molecule isolation and target identification can be conducted using conventional molecular biological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunilda Vera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, UPR Station, San Juan, 00931-3346, USA
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25
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26
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Al-Mourabit A, Zancanella MA, Tilvi S, Romo D. Biosynthesis, asymmetric synthesis, and pharmacology, including cellular targets, of the pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole marine alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1229-60. [PMID: 21556392 PMCID: PMC5596510 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00013b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole (P-2-AI) alkaloids are a growing family of marine alkaloids, now numbering well over 150 members, with high topographical and biological information content. Their intriguing structural complexity, rich and compact stereochemical content, high N to C ratio (~1 : 2), and increasingly studied biological activities are attracting a growing number of researchers from numerous disciplines world-wide. This review surveys advances in this area with a focus on the structural diversity, biosynthetic hypotheses with increasing, but still rare, verifying experimental studies, asymmetric syntheses, and biological studies, including cellular target receptor isolation studies, of this stimulating and exciting alkaloid family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Mourabit
- Centre de Recherche de Gif-sur-Yvette, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Supriya Tilvi
- Bio-organic Chemistry laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India, 403 004
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M Universtiy College Station, TX 77842-3012
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27
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da Silva FR, Tessis AC, Ferreira PF, Rangel LP, Garcia-Gomes AS, Pereira FR, Berlinck RGS, Muricy G, Ferreira-Pereira A. Oroidin inhibits the activity of the multidrug resistance target Pdr5p from yeast plasma membranes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:279-282. [PMID: 21207971 DOI: 10.1021/np1006247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Oroidin was isolated from the marine sponge Agelassventres and inhibited the activity and function of Pdr5p, an enzyme responsible for the multidrug resistance phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This compound may help in the development of new drugs that reverse this dangerous phenotype of pathogenic yeast and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, IMPPG, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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28
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Zurwerra D, Wullschleger CW, Altmann KH. Wertvolles aus der Tiefe des Meeres: die Entdeckung und Totalsynthese der Ammosamide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Zurwerra D, Wullschleger CW, Altmann KH. Treasures from the Sea: Discovery and Total Synthesis of Ammosamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6936-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Abstract
Natural products have evolved to encompass a broad spectrum of chemical and functional diversity. It is this diversity, along with their structural complexity, that enables nature's small molecules to target a nearly limitless number of biological macromolecules and to often do so in a highly selective fashion. Because of these characteristics, natural products have seen great success as therapeutic agents. However, this vast pool of compounds holds much promise beyond the development of future drugs. These features also make them ideal tools for the study of biological systems. Recent examples of the use of natural products and their derivatives as chemical probes to explore biological phenomena and assemble biochemical pathways are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Carlson
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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31
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Cipres A, O’Malley DP, Li K, Finlay D, Baran PS, Vuori K. Sceptrin, a marine natural compound, inhibits cell motility in a variety of cancer cell lines. ACS Chem Biol 2010; 5:195-202. [PMID: 20030414 PMCID: PMC2825093 DOI: 10.1021/cb900240k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
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Sceptrin, a natural compound produced by various marine sponges, was tested for its effect on cell motility. We report for the first time that sceptrin inhibits cell motility in several cancer cell lines. The compound shows no toxicity at concentrations that are double the amount of sceptrin required for maximal inhibitory effect. Both random and factor-induced migration were impaired, suggesting that sceptrin targets a central process of cell motility machinery. Activity of de novo synthesized sceptrin was indistinguishable from sceptrin purified from Agelas nakamurai, and the inhibitory activity was found to be, at least partially, due to sceptrin’s capability to inhibit cell contractility. Additionally, sceptrin was found to bind to monomeric actin, further suggesting a mechanism involving the actin cytoskeleton. Close analogues of sceptrin were synthesized, tested for their effect on cell motility, and found to be either equimolar or less potent compared to the parental compound. Inadvertent cell motility is a key contributing factor in various human diseases, including cancer and chronic inflammation. Marine compounds isolated from sponges have been proven to be an excellent source of metabolites that show biological activities. Given the recently achieved total synthesis of sceptrin in multigram quantities, sceptrin could prove to be an attractive lead molecule for further preclinical testing and development for therapeutic purposes, as well as a useful research tool to elucidate the mechanisms involved in cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Cipres
- Cancer Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California
| | - Daniel P. O’Malley
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California
| | - Ke Li
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California
| | - Darren Finlay
- Cancer Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California
| | - Phil S. Baran
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- Cancer Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California
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32
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Guizzunti G, Brady TP, Fischer D, Malhotra V, Theodorakis EA. Chemical biology studies on norrisolide. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2115-2122. [PMID: 20189813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cellular activity of norrisolide (7), a novel Golgi-vesiculating agent, was dissected as function of its chemical structure. This natural product induces irreversible vesiculation of the Golgi membranes and blocks protein transport at the level of the Golgi. The Golgi localization and fragmentation effects of 7 depend on the presence of the perhydroindane core, while the irreversibility of fragmentation depends on the acetyl group of 7. We show that fluorescent derivatives of norrisolide are able to localize to the Golgi apparatus and represent important tools for the study of the Golgi structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Guizzunti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas P Brady
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Derek Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emmanuel A Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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33
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La Clair JJ. Natural product mode of action (MOA) studies: a link between natural and synthetic worlds. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:969-95. [DOI: 10.1039/b909989c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Blunt JW, Copp BR, Munro MHG, Northcote PT, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:165-237. [DOI: 10.1039/b906091j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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35
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MreB drives de novo rod morphogenesis in Caulobacter crescentus via remodeling of the cell wall. J Bacteriol 2009; 192:1671-84. [PMID: 20023035 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01311-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MreB, the bacterial actin-like cytoskeleton, is required for the rod morphology of many bacterial species. Disruption of MreB function results in loss of rod morphology and cell rounding. Here, we show that the widely used MreB inhibitor A22 causes MreB-independent growth inhibition that varies with the drug concentration, culture medium conditions, and bacterial species tested. MP265, an A22 structural analog, is less toxic than A22 for growth yet equally efficient for disrupting the MreB cytoskeleton. The action of A22 and MP265 is enhanced by basic pH of the culture medium. Using this knowledge and the rapid reversibility of drug action, we examined the restoration of rod shape in lemon-shaped Caulobacter crescentus cells pretreated with MP265 or A22 under nontoxic conditions. We found that reversible restoration of MreB function after drug removal causes extensive morphological changes including a remarkable cell thinning accompanied with elongation, cell branching, and shedding of outer membrane vesicles. We also thoroughly characterized the composition of C. crescentus peptidoglycan by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry and showed that MreB disruption and recovery of rod shape following restoration of MreB function are accompanied by considerable changes in composition. Our results provide insight into MreB function in peptidoglycan remodeling and rod shape morphogenesis and suggest that MreB promotes the transglycosylase activity of penicillin-binding proteins.
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A submarine journey: the pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. Mar Drugs 2009; 7:705-53. [PMID: 20098608 PMCID: PMC2810223 DOI: 10.3390/md7040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In his most celebrated tale "The Picture of Dorian Gray", Oscar Wilde stated that "those who go beneath the surface do so at their peril". This sentence could be a prophetical warning for the practitioner who voluntarily challenges himself with trying to synthesize marine sponge-deriving pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. This now nearly triple-digit membered community has been growing exponentially in the last 20 years, both in terms of new representatives and topological complexity--from simple, achiral oroidin to the breathtaking 12-ring stylissadines A and B, each possessing 16 stereocenters. While the biosynthesis and the role in the sponge economy of most of these alkaloids still lies in the realm of speculations, significant biological activities for some of them have clearly emerged. This review will account for the progress in achieving the total synthesis of the more biologically enticing members of this class of natural products.
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Lear MJ, Simon O, Foley TL, Burkart MD, Baiga TJ, Noel JP, DiPasquale AG, Rheingold AL, La Clair JJ. Laetirobin from the parasitic growth of Laetiporus sulphureus on Robinia pseudoacacia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1980-1987. [PMID: 19842686 DOI: 10.1021/np9002838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
(+/-)-Laetirobin (1) was isolated as a cytostatic lead from Laetiporus sulphureus growing parasitically on the black locust tree, Robinia pseudoacacia, by virtue of a reverse-immunoaffinity system. Using an LC/MS procedure, milligram quantities of (+/-)-laetirobin (1) were obtained, and the structure of 1 was elucidated by X-ray crystallography and confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. Preliminary cellular studies indicated that (+/-)-laetirobin (1) rapidly enters in tumor cells, blocks cell division at a late stage of mitosis, and invokes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Lear
- Department of Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry Program of the Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543.
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38
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Lear MJ, Salmons B, Gunzburg WH, Dangerfield JA. Singapore R&D and globetrotting. Biotechnol J 2009; 4:179-85. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Song HY, Ngai MH, Song ZY, MacAry PA, Hobley J, Lear MJ. Practical synthesis of maleimides and coumarin-linked probes for protein and antibody labelling via reduction of native disulfides. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3400-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b904060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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