1
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Maitra C, Jadhav PD, Barik D, Ho YS, Cheng CC, Cheng MJ, Chiang YW, Liu RS. Nitrosoarenes Implement Cascade Cyclization of 1-Allenyl-2-alkynylbenzenes through Diradical Mechanism. Org Lett 2023; 25:82-86. [PMID: 36573784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This work reports cascade cyclization between 1-allenyl-2-alkynylbenzenes and nitrosoarenes. When these two components reacted alone under N2, N,O-functionalized indane-fused isoxazolidines 3 were obtained selectively. DFT calculations verify that this reaction sequence involves unprecedented nitrone/alkyne cycloadditions, followed by diradical rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrima Maitra
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Science of Matter, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Prakash D Jadhav
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Science of Matter, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Debashis Barik
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Science of Matter, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Yeu-Shiuan Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701, Republic of China
| | - Chu-Chun Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701, Republic of China
| | - Yun-Wei Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Science of Matter, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
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2
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Zhang M, Lu H, Li B, Ma H, Wang W, Cheng X, Ding Y, Hu A. Experimental and Computational Study on the Intramolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions of Maleimide-Based Enediynes After Cycloaromatization. J Org Chem 2020; 86:1549-1559. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haotian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hailong Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Aiguo Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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3
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Danilkina NA, D'yachenko AS, Govdi AI, Khlebnikov AF, Kornyakov IV, Bräse S, Balova IA. Intramolecular Nicholas Reactions in the Synthesis of Heteroenediynes Fused to Indole, Triazole, and Isocoumarin. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9001-9014. [PMID: 32506914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of an intramolecular Nicholas reaction for the preparation of 10-membered O- and N-enediynes fused to indole, 1,2,3-triazole, and isocoumarin was investigated. The general approach to acyclic enediyne precursors fused to heterocycles includes inter- and intramolecular buta-1,3-diyne cyclizations with the formation of iodoethynylheterocycles, followed by Sonogashira coupling. The nature of both a heterocycle and a nucleophilic group affects the possibility of a 10-membered ring closure by the Nicholas reaction. Among oxacycles, an isocoumarin-fused enediyne was obtained. In the case of O-enediyne annulated with indole, instead of the formation of a 10-membered cycle, BF3-promoted addition of an OH-group to the proximal triple bond at the C3 position afforded dihydrofuryl-substituted indole. For 1,2,3-triazole-fused analogues, using NH-Ts as a nucleophilic functional group allowed obtaining 10-membered azaenediyne, while the substrate with a hydroxyl group gave only traces of the desired 10-membered oxacycle. An improved method for the deprotection of Co-complexes of cyclic enediynes using tetrabutylammonium fluoride in an acetone/water mixture and the investigation of the 10-membered enediynes' reactivity in the Bergman cyclization are also reported. In the solid state, all synthesized iodoethynylheterocycles were found to be involved in halogen bond (XB) formation with either O or N atoms as XB acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Danilkina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander S D'yachenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia I Govdi
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya V Kornyakov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Irina A Balova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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4
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Lu H, Ma H, Li B, Zhang M, Chen H, Wang Y, Li X, Ding Y, Hu A. Facilitating Myers–Saito cyclization through acid-triggered tautomerization for the development of maleimide-based antitumor agents. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1971-1979. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02589h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Enyne-allene compounds undergo Myers–Saito cyclization at physiological temperature to generate diradical intermediates that are capable of inducing DNA damage and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Hailong Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Baojun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Mengsi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yun Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Aiguo Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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5
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Yan B, Fu Y, Zhu H, Chen Z. Synthesis of Divergent Benzo[b]fluorenones through Cycloaromatization Reactions of 1,5-Enynols and 1,5-Diynols. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4246-4262. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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6
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Tan J, Wang Z, Yuan J, Peng Y, Chen Z. Iron
III
‐catalyzed Chemoselective Cycloaromatization Reactions for the synthesis of 5‐Brominated Benzo[
b
]fluorenones. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
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7
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Cr(II)-promoted internal cyclization of acyclic enediynes fused to benzo[b]thiophene core: Macrocycles versus 2-methylenecycloalkan-1-ols formation. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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8
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Danilkina NA, Kulyashova AE, Khlebnikov AF, Bräse S, Balova IA. Electrophilic Cyclization of Aryldiacetylenes in the Synthesis of Functionalized Enediynes Fused to a Heterocyclic Core. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9018-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501396s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Danilkina
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. E. Kulyashova
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. F. Khlebnikov
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - S. Bräse
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - I. A. Balova
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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9
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Irie R, Furusawa M, Arita K, Igawa K, Tomooka K. New Synthetic Approaches to Fused Polyheterocyclic Compounds by Using Domino Cyclization Reactions of Aromatic Diyne and Enyne Systems. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2014. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.72.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Base-catalyzed Schmittel cycloisomerization of o-phenylenediyne-linked bis(arenol)s to indeno[1,2-c]chromenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University (HIRODAI), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima,
Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787,
Japan
- JST-CREST, 5
Sanbancho,
Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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12
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Mohamed RK, Peterson PW, Alabugin IV. Concerted Reactions That Produce Diradicals and Zwitterions: Electronic, Steric, Conformational, and Kinetic Control of Cycloaromatization Processes. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7089-129. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana K. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Paul W. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
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13
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14
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Danilkina N, Nieger M, Selivanov S, Bräse S, Balova I. Electrophilic Cyclization and Ring-Closing Metathesis as Key Steps in the Synthesis of a 12-Membered Cyclic Enediyne. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Breiner B, Kaya K, Roy S, Yang WY, Alabugin IV. Hybrids of amino acids and acetylenic DNA-photocleavers: optimising efficiency and selectivity for cancer phototherapy. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3974-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob00052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Yang WY, Roy S, Phrathep B, Rengert Z, Kenworthy R, Zorio DAR, Alabugin IV. Engineering pH-Gated Transitions for Selective and Efficient Double-Strand DNA Photocleavage in Hypoxic Tumors. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8501-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Saumya Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Boondaniwon Phrathep
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Zach Rengert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Rachael Kenworthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Diego A. R. Zorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
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17
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Allen AD, Tidwell TT. New Directions in Ketene Chemistry: The Land of Opportunity. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annette D. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6, Fax: +1‐416978‐5325
| | - Thomas T. Tidwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6, Fax: +1‐416978‐5325
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18
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Schmittel M, Vavilala C, Cinar ME. The thermal C2
-C6
(Schmittel)/ene cyclization of enyne-allenes - crossing the boundary between classical and nonstatistical kinetics. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmittel
- FB 8 (Chemie-Biologie); Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. D-57068 Siegen Germany
| | | | - Mehmet Emin Cinar
- FB 8 (Chemie-Biologie); Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. D-57068 Siegen Germany
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19
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Vinogradova OV, Balova IA, Popik VV. Synthesis and Reactivity of Cinnoline-Fused Cyclic Enediyne. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6937-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201148h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Vinogradova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Irina A. Balova
- Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V. Popik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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20
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Zhegalova NG, Popik VV. Wolff rearrangement of β-alkynyl-α-diazo-β-ketoesters: light-induced acetylene-allene isomerization and its use for activation of enediynes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Presset M, Coquerel Y, Rodriguez J. Microwave-Assisted Domino and Multicomponent Reactions with Cyclic Acylketenes: Expeditious Syntheses of Oxazinones and Oxazindiones. Org Lett 2009; 11:5706-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9024056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Presset
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, iSm2 - UMR CNRS 6263, Centre Saint Jérôme, Service 531, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, iSm2 - UMR CNRS 6263, Centre Saint Jérôme, Service 531, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, iSm2 - UMR CNRS 6263, Centre Saint Jérôme, Service 531, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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22
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Yang WY, Breiner B, Kovalenko SV, Ben C, Singh M, LeGrand SN, Sang QXA, Strouse GF, Copland JA, Alabugin IV. C-lysine conjugates: pH-controlled light-activated reagents for efficient double-stranded DNA cleavage with implications for cancer therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11458-70. [PMID: 19637922 PMCID: PMC2771568 DOI: 10.1021/ja902140m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Double-stranded DNA cleavage of light-activated lysine conjugates is strongly enhanced at the slightly acidic pH (<7) suitable for selective targeting of cancer cells. This enhancement stems from the presence of two amino groups of different basicities. The first amino group plays an auxiliary role by enhancing solubility and affinity to DNA, whereas the second amino group, which is positioned next to the light-activated DNA cleaver, undergoes protonation at the desired pH threshold. This protonation results in two synergetic effects which account for the increased DNA-cleaving ability at the lower pH. First, lysine conjugates show tighter binding to DNA at the lower pH, which is consistent with the anticipated higher degree of interaction between two positively charged ammonium groups with the negatively charged phosphate backbone of DNA. Second, the unproductive pathway which quenches the excited state of the photocleaver through intramolecular electron transfer is eliminated once the donor amino group next to the chromophore is protonated. Experiments in the presence of traps for diffusing radicals show that reactive oxygen species do not contribute significantly to the mechanism of DNA cleavage at the lower pH, which is indicative of tighter binding to DNA under these conditions. This feature is valuable not only because many solid tumors are hypoxic but also because cleavage which does not depend on diffusing species is more localized and efficient. Sequence-selectivity experiments suggest combination of PET and base alkylation as the chemical basis for the observed DNA damage. The utility of these molecules for phototherapy of cancer is confirmed by the drastic increase in toxicity of five conjugates against cancer cell lines upon photoactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Boris Breiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Serguei V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Chi Ben
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Mani Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Shauna N. LeGrand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Geoffrey F. Strouse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - John A. Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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23
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Pandithavidana DR, Poloukhtine A, Popik VV. Photochemical generation and reversible cycloaromatization of a nine-membered ring cyclic enediyne. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:351-6. [PMID: 19053819 DOI: 10.1021/ja8077076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation of the nine-membered ring enediyne precursor, which has one of its triple bonds masked as cyclopropenone, efficiently (Phi = 0.34) generates the reactive 4,5-benzocyclonona-2,6-diynol. The latter rapidly equilibrates with the corresponding 1,4-didehydronaphthalene diradical and then undergoes rate-limiting hydrogen abstraction to produce the ultimate product of the Bergman cyclization, benz[f]indanol.
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24
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Kuzmin AV, Popik VV. Dual reactivity of a photochemically-generated cyclic enyne–allene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5707-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b911871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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