1
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Jakhar VK, Shen YH, Yadav R, Nadif SS, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Lester DW, Veige AS. Tethered Alkylidenes for REMP from Carbon Disulfide Cleavage. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12207-12217. [PMID: 38888279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Reactions between tungsten alkylidyne [tBuOCO]W≡CtBu(THF)2 1 and sulfur containing small molecules are reported. Complex 1 reacts with CS2 to produce intermediate η2 bound CS2 complex [O2C(tBuC═)W(η2-(S,C)-CS2)(THF)] 8. Heating complex 8 provides a mixture of a monomeric tungsten sulfido complex 9 and a dimeric complex 10 in a 4:1 ratio, respectively. Heating the mixture does not perturb the ratio. Addition of excess THF in a solution of 9 and 10 (4:1) converts 10 to 9 (>96%) with concomitant loss of (CS)x. Both 9 and 10 can be selectively crystallized from the mixture. An alternative synthesis of exclusively monomeric 9 involves the reaction between 1 and PhNCS. Demonstrating ring expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP), tethered tungsten alkylidene 8 polymerizes norbornene to produce cis-selective syndiotactic cyclic polynorbornene (c-poly(NBE)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet K Jakhar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yu-Hsuan Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Rinku Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Soufiane S Nadif
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel W Lester
- Polymer Characterization Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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2
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Zhou L, Reilly LT, Shi C, Quinn EC, Chen EYX. Proton-triggered topological transformation in superbase-mediated selective polymerization enables access to ultrahigh-molar-mass cyclic polymers. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01511-2. [PMID: 38649467 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The selective synthesis of ultrahigh-molar-mass (UHMM, >2 million Da) cyclic polymers is challenging as an exceptional degree of spatiotemporal control is required to overcome the possible undesired reactions that can compete with the desired intramolecular cyclization. Here we present a counterintuitive synthetic methodology for cyclic polymers, represented here by polythioesters, which proceeds via superbase-mediated ring-opening polymerization of gem-dimethylated thiopropiolactone, followed by macromolecular cyclization triggered by protic quenching. This proton-triggered linear-to-cyclic topological transformation enables selective, linear polymer-like access to desired cyclic polythioesters, including those with UHMM surpassing 2 MDa. In addition, this method eliminates the need for stringent conditions such as high dilution to prevent or suppress linear polymer contaminants and presents the opposite scenario in which protic-free conditions are required to prevent cyclic polymer formation, which is capitalized to produce cyclic polymers on demand. Furthermore, such UHMM cyclic polythioester exhibits not only much enhanced thermostability and mechanical toughness, but it can also be quantitatively recycled back to monomer under mild conditions due to its gem-disubstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Liam T Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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3
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Lessard JJ, Mejia EB, Kim AJ, Zhang Z, Berkey MG, Medina-Barreto ZS, Ewoldt RH, Sottos NR, Moore JS. Unraveling Reactivity Differences: Room-Temperature Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) versus Frontal ROMP. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7216-7221. [PMID: 38441481 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we explore the distinct reactivity patterns between frontal ring-opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) and room-temperature solventless ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Despite their shared mechanism, we find that FROMP is less sensitive to inhibitor concentration than room-temperature ROMP. By increasing the initiator-to-monomer ratio for a fixed inhibitor/initiator quantity, we find reduction in the ROMP background reactivity at room temperature (i.e., increased resin pot life). At elevated temperatures where inhibitor dissociation prevails, accelerated frontal polymerization rates are observed because of the concentrated presence of the initiator. Surprisingly, the strategy of employing higher initiator loading enhances both pot life and front speeds, which leads to FROMP rates exceeding prior reported values by over 5 times. This counterintuitive behavior is attributed to an increase in the proximity of the inhibitor to the initiator within the bulk resin and to whether the temperature favors coordination or dissociation of the inhibitor. A rapid method was developed for assessing resin pot life, and a straightforward model for active initiator behavior was established. Modified resin systems enabled direct ink writing of robust thermoset structures at rates much faster than previously possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Lessard
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
| | - Edgar B Mejia
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
| | - Abbie J Kim
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
| | - Mya G Berkey
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
| | - Zina S Medina-Barreto
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
| | - Randy H Ewoldt
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
| | - Nancy R Sottos
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
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4
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Jafari MG, Russell JB, Lee H, Pudasaini B, Pal D, Miao Z, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Sumerlin BS, Veige AS, Baik MH, Mindiola DJ. Vanadium Alkylidyne Initiated Cyclic Polymer Synthesis: The Importance of a Deprotiovanadacyclobutadiene Moiety. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2997-3009. [PMID: 38272018 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Reported is the catalytic cyclic polymer synthesis by a 3d transition metal complex: a V(V) alkylidyne, [(dBDI)V≡CtBu(OEt2)] (1-OEt2), supported by the deprotonated β-diketiminate dBDI2- (dBDI2- = ArNC(CH3)CHC(CH2)NAr, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3). Complex 1-OEt2 is a precatalyst for the polymerization of phenylacetylene (PhCCH) to give cyclic poly(phenylacetylene) (c-PPA), whereas its precursor, complex [(BDI)V≡CtBu(OTf)] (2-OTf; BDI- = [ArNC(CH3)]2CH, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3, OTf = OSO2CF3), and the zwitterion [((C6F5)3B-dBDI)V≡CtBu(OEt2)] (3-OEt2) exhibit low catalytic activity despite having a neopentylidyne ligand. Cyclic polymer topologies were verified by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and intrinsic viscosity studies. A component of the mechanism of the cyclic polymerization reaction was probed by isolation and full characterization of 4- and 6-membered metallacycles as model intermediates. Metallacyclobutadiene (MCBD) and deprotiometallacyclobutadiene (dMCBD) complexes (dBDI)V[C(tBu)C(H)C(tBu)] (4-tBu) and (BDI)V[C(tBu)CC(Mes)] (5-Mes), respectively, were synthesized upon reaction with bulkier alkynes, tBu- (tBuCCH) and Mes-acetylene (MesCCH), with 1-OEt2. Furthermore, the reaction of the conjugate acid of 1-OEt2, [(BDI)V≡CtBu(OTf)] (2-OTf), with the conjugated base of phenylacetylene, lithium phenylacetylide (LiCCPh), yields the doubly deprotio-metallacycle complex, [Li(THF)4]{(BDI)V[C(Ph)CC(tBu)CC(Ph)]} (6). Protonation of the doubly deprotio-metallacycle complex 6 yields 6-H+, a catalytically active species toward the polymerization of PhCCH, for which the polymers were also confirmed to be cyclic by SEC studies. Computational mechanistic studies complement the experimental observations and provide insight into the mechanism of cyclic polymer growth. The noninnocence of the supporting dBDI2- ligand and its role in proton shuttling to generate deprotiometallacyclobutadiene (dMCBD) complexes that proposedly culminate in the formation of catalytically active V(III) species are also discussed. This work demonstrates how a dMCBD moiety can react with terminal alkynes to form cyclic polyalkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrafshan G Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John B Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hanna Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bimal Pudasaini
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Digvijayee Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Zhihui Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Beauchamp AM, Chakraborty J, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Lester DW, Veige AS. Ring Expansion Alkyne Metathesis Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22796-22802. [PMID: 37812163 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and preliminary activity of an unprecedented tethered alkylidyne tungsten complex for ring expansion alkyne metathesis polymerization (REAMP) are reported. The tethered alkylidyne 7 is generated rapidly by combining alkylidyne W(CtBu)(CH2tBu)(O-2,6-i-Pr2C6H3)2 (6) with 1 equiv of an yne-ol proligand (5). Characterized by NMR studies and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, complex 7 is a dimer. Each metal center contains a tungsten-carbon triple bond tethered to the metal center via an alkoxide ligand. The polymerization of the strained cycloalkyne 3,8-didodecyloxy-5,6-dihydro-11,12-didehydrodibenzo[a,e]-[8]annulene, 8, to generate cyclic polymers was demonstrated. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and intrinsic viscosity (η) measurements confirm the polymer's cyclic topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Beauchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jhonti Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NMR Spectroscopy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel W Lester
- Polymer Characterization Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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6
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Levenson AM, Morrison CM, Huang PR, Wang TW, Carter-Schwendler Z, Golder MR. Ancillary Ligand Lability Improves Control in Cyclic Ruthenium Benzylidene Initiated Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1286-1292. [PMID: 37695322 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of well-defined cyclic polymers is crucial to exploring applications spanning engineering, energy, and biomedicine. These materials lack chain-ends and are therefore imbued with unique bulk properties. Despite recent advancements, the general methodology for controlled cyclic polymer synthesis via ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) remains challenging. Low initiator activity leads to high molar mass polymers at short reaction times that subsequently "evolve" to smaller polymeric products. In this work, we demonstrate that in situ addition of pyridine to the tethered ruthenium-benzylidene REMP initiator CB6 increases ancillary ligand lability to synthesize controlled and low dispersity cyclic poly(norbornene) on a short time scale without relying on molar mass evolution events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide M Levenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christine M Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Pin-Ruei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Teng-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Zak Carter-Schwendler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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7
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Jakhar VK, Shen YH, Hyun SM, Esper AM, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Lester DW, Veige AS. Improved Trianionic Pincer Ligand Synthesis for Cyclic Polymer Catalysts. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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8
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Zhang H, Zha H, Liu C, Hong C. Scalable preparation and direct visualization of cyclic polymers via self-folding cyclization technique. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Yoon KY, Noh J, Gan Q, Edwards JP, Tuba R, Choi TL, Grubbs RH. Scalable and continuous access to pure cyclic polymers enabled by 'quarantined' heterogeneous catalysts. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1242-1248. [PMID: 36064971 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic polymers are topologically interesting and envisioned as a lubricant material. However, scalable synthesis of pure cyclic polymers remains elusive. The most straightforward way is to recover a used catalyst after the synthesis of cyclic polymers and reuse it. Unfortunately, this is demanding because of the catalyst's vulnerability and inseparability from polymers, which reduce the practicality of the process. Here we develop a continuous circular process, where polymerization, polymer separation and catalyst recovery happen in situ, to dispense a pure cyclic polymer after bulk ring-expansion metathesis polymerization of cyclopentene. It is enabled by introducing silica-supported ruthenium catalysts and newly designed glassware. Different depolymerization kinetics of the cyclic polymer from its linear analogue are also discussed. This process minimizes manual labour, maximizes the security of vulnerable catalysts and guarantees the purity of cyclic polymers, thereby showcasing a prototype of a scalable access to cyclic polymers with increased turnovers (≥415,000) of precious catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Young Yoon
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | - Jinkyung Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Quan Gan
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Julian P Edwards
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robert Tuba
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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10
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Golder MR, Morrison CM. Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization Initiator Design for the Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1737802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCyclic polymers are of increasing interest to the synthetic and physical polymer communities due to their unique structures that lack chain ends. This topological distinction results in decreased chain entanglement, lower intrinsic viscosity, and smaller hydrodynamic radii. Many methods for the production of cyclic polymers exist, however, large-scale production of architecturally pure cyclic polymers is challenging. Ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) is an increasingly promising method to produce cyclic polymers because of the mild and scalable reaction conditions. Herein, a brief history of REMP for the synthesis of cyclic polymers with both ruthenium and non-ruthenium initiators is discussed. Even though REMP is a promising method for synthesizing cyclic polymers, state-of-the-art methods still struggle with poor molar mass control, slow polymerization rates, low conversion, and poor initiator stability. To combat these challenges, our group has developed a tethered ruthenium-benzylidene initiator, CB6, which utilizes design features from ubiquitous Grubbs-type initiators used in linear polymerizations. These structural modifications are shown to improve initiator kinetics, enhance initiator stability, and increase control over the molar mass of the resulting cyclic polymers.1 Introduction2 Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization (REMP) with Ruthenium Initiators3 New Developments in Ruthenium Ring-Expansion Metathesis (REMP) Initiator Design4 Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization (REMP) with Non-Ruthenium Initiators5 Conclusions
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11
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Xie M, Ma C, Quan Y, Sun R, Song W, Liao X. Synthesis of conjugated segments-based cyclic polymers for direct imaging of cyclic molecular topology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4340-4343. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07223d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polyacetylene-based monocyclic and bicyclic polymers were synthesized by blocking-cyclization metathesis polymerization using the short ladderphanes as the intial motif and multi-cyclizing unit, and fully characterized to elucidate the cyclic...
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12
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13
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Wang TW, Huang PR, Chow JL, Kaminsky W, Golder MR. A Cyclic Ruthenium Benzylidene Initiator Platform Enhances Reactivity for Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7314-7319. [PMID: 33960766 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) has shown potential as an efficient strategy to access cyclic macromolecules. Current approaches that utilize cyclic olefin feedstocks suffer from poor functional group tolerance, low initiator stability, and slow reaction kinetics. Improvements to current initiators will address these issues in order to develop more versatile and user-friendly technologies. Herein, we report a reinvigorated tethered ruthenium-benzylidene initiator, CB6, that utilizes design features from ubiquitous Grubbs-type initiators that are regularly applied in linear polymerizations. We report the controlled synthesis of functionalized cyclic poly(norbornene)s and demonstrate that judicious ligand modifications not only greatly improve kinetics but also lead to enhanced initiator stability. Overall, CB6 is an adaptable platform for the study and application of cyclic macromolecules via REMP.
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14
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Hou X, Chen X, Gao X, Xu L, Zou H, Zhou L, Wu Z. Synthesis of Cyclic Polyolefin:
Ring‐Opening
Metathesis Polymerization by Binuclear Vanadium Complexes
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Hou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology 193 Tunxi Road Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Xiaojian Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology 193 Tunxi Road Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology 193 Tunxi Road Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology 193 Tunxi Road Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Hui Zou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology 193 Tunxi Road Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology 193 Tunxi Road Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Zong‐Quan Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology 193 Tunxi Road Hefei Anhui 230009 China
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15
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Jakhar V, Pal D, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Lester DW, Sumerlin BS, Veige AS. Tethered Tungsten-Alkylidenes for the Synthesis of Cyclic Polynorbornene via Ring Expansion Metathesis: Unprecedented Stereoselectivity and Trapping of Key Catalytic Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1235-1246. [PMID: 33417768 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This report describes an approach for preparing tethered tungsten-imido alkylidene complexes featuring a tetra-anionic pincer ligand. Treating the tungsten alkylidyne [tBuOCO]W≡CtBu(THF)2 (1) with isocyanates (RNCO; R = tBu, Cy, and Ph) leads to cycloaddition occurring exclusively at the C═N bond to generate the tethered tungsten-imido alkylidenes (6-NR). Unanticipated intermediates reveal themselves, including the discovery of [(O2CtBuC═)W(η2-(N,C)-RNCO)(THF)] (11-R) and an unprecedented decarbonylation product [(tBuOCO)W(≡NR)(tBuCCO)] (14-R), on the pathway to the formation of 6-NR. Complex 11-R is kinetically stable for sterically bulky isocyanate R = tBu (11-tBu) and is isolated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Finally, adding to the short list of catalysts capable of ring expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP), complexes 6-NR and 11-tBu are active for the stereoselective synthesis of cyclic polynorbornene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Jakhar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Digvijayee Pal
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel W Lester
- Polymer Characterization Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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16
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Wang TW, Golder MR. Advancing macromolecular hoop construction: recent developments in synthetic cyclic polymer chemistry. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic methodology to access cyclic macromolecules continues to develop via two distinct mechanistic classes: ring-expansion of macrocyclic initiators and ring-closure of functionalized linear polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
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17
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18
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Takashima R, Aoki D, Otsuka H. Rational Entry to Cyclic Polymers via Thermally Induced Radical Ring-Expansion Polymerization of Macrocycles with One Bis(hindered amino)disulfide Linkage. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikito Takashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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19
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Haque FM, Grayson SM. The synthesis, properties and potential applications of cyclic polymers. Nat Chem 2020; 12:433-444. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Xue X, Chen Y, Liang K, Huang W, Yang H, Jiang L, Jiang Q, Jiang B, Pu H. A facile approach for preparing tadpole and barbell-shaped cyclic polymers through combining ATRP and atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC) reactions. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile strategy was developed to prepare active tadpole-shaped cyclic polystyrene, which was then used to fabricate symmetrical barbell polystyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
| | - Yangjing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
| | - Kang Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
| | - Wenyan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
| | - Li Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
| | - QiMin Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
| | - Bibiao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
| | - Hongting Pu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
- China
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21
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Lyapkov AA, Soroka LS, Ashirov RV, Zemlyakov DI, Rusakov DA, Verpoort F. Kinetics of Dicyclopentadiene Polymerization in the Presence of the Second Generation Hoveyda-Grubbs Catalyst with N-Chelating Ligand. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238219010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Haque FM, Schexnayder CM, Matxain JM, Barroso-Bujans F, Grayson SM. MALDI-ToF MS Study of Macrocyclic Polyethers Generated by Electrophilic Zwitterionic Ring Expansion Polymerization of Monosubstituted Epoxides with B(C6F5)3. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farihah M. Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Ca’ra M. Schexnayder
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Jon M. Matxain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, Donostia—San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, 20018 Donostia—San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fabienne Barroso-Bujans
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, Donostia—San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, Donostia—San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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23
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Lin Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Craig SL. Dynamic Memory Effects in the Mechanochemistry of Cyclic Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10943-10947. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangju Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Stephen L. Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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24
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Abstract
An unstrained palladium-containing macrocycle was expanded by a ring-opening metathesis strategy. This reaction was driven by coordination of a bulky ligand, 2,6-lutidine, to the palladium center, enabling a monometallic macrocycle to transform into a bimetallic dimeric macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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25
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Roland CD, Zhang T, VenkatRamani S, Ghiviriga I, Veige AS. A catalytically relevant intermediate in the synthesis of cyclic polymers from alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13697-13700. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05612b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A tungsten metallacyclopentadiene complex is generated upon treating a trianionic pincer tungsten alkylidyne with dipropargyl fluorene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- University of Florida
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Catalysis
- Gainesville
- USA
| | | | - Ion Ghiviriga
- University of Florida
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Catalysis
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Adam S. Veige
- University of Florida
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Catalysis
- Gainesville
- USA
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26
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Edwards JP, Wolf WJ, Grubbs RH. The synthesis of cyclic polymers by olefin metathesis: Achievements and challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian P. Edwards
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125
- 1200 E California Blvd MC 164‐30 Pasadena California 91101
| | - William J. Wolf
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125
- 1200 E California Blvd MC 164‐30 Pasadena California 91101
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125
- 1200 E California Blvd MC 164‐30 Pasadena California 91101
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27
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Si G, Zhang S, Pang W, Wang F, Tan C. Stereoselective zwitterionic ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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28
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Ogba OM, Warner NC, O'Leary DJ, Grubbs RH. Recent advances in ruthenium-based olefin metathesis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4510-4544. [PMID: 29714397 PMCID: PMC6107346 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts, known for their functional group tolerance and broad applicability in organic synthesis and polymer science, continue to evolve as an enabling technology in these areas. A discussion of recent mechanistic investigations is followed by an overview of selected applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Ogba
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91775, USA.
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29
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Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Wang D, Hadjichristidis N. An Efficient and General Strategy toward the Synthesis of Polyethylene-Based Cyclic Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - De Wang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Lidster BJ, Hirata S, Matsuda S, Yamamoto T, Komanduri V, Kumar DR, Tezuka Y, Vacha M, Turner ML. Macrocyclic poly( p-phenylenevinylene)s by ring expansion metathesis polymerisation and their characterisation by single-molecule spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2934-2941. [PMID: 29732077 PMCID: PMC5915795 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03945j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring expansion metathesis polymerisation (REMP) has proven to be a viable approach to prepare high purity macrocyclic phenylenevinylene polymers.
Ring expansion metathesis polymerisation (REMP) has proven to be a viable approach to prepare high purity cyclic polymers. Macrocyclic polymers with a fully conjugated defect free backbone are of particular interest as these polymers have no end groups that can act as charge traps. In this work soluble macrocyclic poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s (cPPVs) have been prepared directly via the REMP of substituted paracyclophanedienes. Single-molecule spectroscopy of the two topological forms of PPV i.e., linear (lPPV) and cyclic (cPPV) revealed that lPPV exists in an extended conformation whereas the cPPV adopts a restricted ring-like conformation. Despite such large differences in the chain conformation, the spectral properties of the two compounds are unexpectedly very similar, and are dominated by torsional deformations in relatively short conjugated segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin John Lidster
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Shuzo Hirata
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan .
| | - Shoki Matsuda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan .
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 060-8628 , Japan
| | - Venukrishnan Komanduri
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Dharam Raj Kumar
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Yasuyuki Tezuka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan .
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan .
| | - Michael L Turner
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
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31
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Zhang S, Tezuka Y, Zhang Z, Li N, Zhang W, Zhu X. Recent advances in the construction of cyclic grafted polymers and their potential applications. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01544e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Three main strategies used for the construction of cyclic grafted polymers, “grafting through”, “grafting onto”, and “grafting from”, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Yasuyuki Tezuka
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Na Li
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Wei Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
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32
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Zhang S, Cheng X, Wang J, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhu X. Synthesis of a cyclic-brush polymer with a high grafting density using activated ester chemistry via the “grafting onto” approach. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01014e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A concept for preparing cyclic-brush polymers with high grafting densities combining a ring-closure strategy and activated ester chemistry as a post-modification method via the grafting onto approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Xiaoxiao Cheng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Junzhi Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Wei Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
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33
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Xiao L, Qu L, Zhu W, Wu Y, Liu Z, Zhang K. Donut-Shaped Nanoparticles Templated by Cyclic Bottlebrush Polymers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Xiao
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy
Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Qu
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy
Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy
Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhengping Liu
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy
Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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34
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Chaimongkolkunasin S, Hou X, Nomura K. Ring opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene and tetracyclododecene with cyclooctene by using (arylimido)vanadium(V)-alkylidene catalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
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35
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Nomura K, Hou X. Synthesis of vanadium–alkylidene complexes and their use as catalysts for ring opening metathesis polymerization. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03757g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of vanadium–alkylidene complexes and some reactions have been reviewed; highly active, thermally robust, cis specific ROMP of cyclic olefins has been attained by ligand modification in (imido)vanadium(v)–alkylidene catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
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36
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Sinclair F, Alkattan M, Prunet J, Shaver MP. Olefin cross metathesis and ring-closing metathesis in polymer chemistry. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00340d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of olefin cross metathesis in preparing functional polymers, through either pre-functionalisation of monomers or post-polymerisation functionalisation is growing in both scope and breadth, as discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fern Sinclair
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry
- Joseph Black Building
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3FJ
- UK
| | - Mohammed Alkattan
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry
- Joseph Black Building
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3FJ
- UK
| | - Joëlle Prunet
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry
- Joseph Black Building
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3FJ
- UK
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37
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Josse T, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Coulembier O. Synthese cyclischer Polymere durch Ringschluss-Strategien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Josse
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM); Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgien
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S MOS); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgien
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S MOS); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgien
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S MOS); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgien
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM); Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgien
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38
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Josse T, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Coulembier O. Cyclic Polymers by Ring-Closure Strategies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13944-13958. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Josse
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM); Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgium
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S MOS); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S MOS); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S MOS); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM); Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgium
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39
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Roland CD, Li H, Abboud KA, Wagener KB, Veige AS. Cyclic polymers from alkynes. Nat Chem 2016; 8:791-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Gonsales SA, Kubo T, Flint MK, Abboud KA, Sumerlin BS, Veige AS. Highly Tactic Cyclic Polynorbornene: Stereoselective Ring Expansion Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene Catalyzed by a New Tethered Tungsten-Alkylidene Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4996-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stella A. Gonsales
- Center for Catalysis and ‡George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- Center for Catalysis and ‡George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Madison K. Flint
- Center for Catalysis and ‡George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Center for Catalysis and ‡George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- Center for Catalysis and ‡George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Adam S. Veige
- Center for Catalysis and ‡George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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41
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Tu XY, Liu MZ, Wei H. Recent progress on cyclic polymers: Synthesis, bioproperties, and biomedical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
| | - Ming-Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
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Dewaele A, Renders T, Yu B, Verpoort F, Sels BF. Depolymerization of 1,4-polybutadiene by metathesis: high yield of large macrocyclic oligo(butadiene)s by ligand selectivity control. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00933f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a practical high yield preparation of large macrocyclic oligo(butadiene)s, preferably the C16 to C44 fraction, from commercial 1,4-polybutadiene by exploring intramolecular backbiting using a series of commercially available Ru catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Dewaele
- Center for Surface Science and Catalysis
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Tom Renders
- Center for Surface Science and Catalysis
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Baoyi Yu
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Universiteit Gent
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Francis Verpoort
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Universiteit Gent
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
- Laboratory of Organometallics
| | - Bert F. Sels
- Center for Surface Science and Catalysis
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
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43
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Equilibrium Effective Molarity As a Key Concept in Ring-Chain Equilibria, Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry, Cooperativity and Self-assembly. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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44
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Zhu Y, Hosmane NS. Advanced Developments in Cyclic Polymers: Synthesis, Applications, and Perspectives. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:408-17. [PMID: 26478835 PMCID: PMC4603400 DOI: 10.1002/open.201402172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the topological effect, cyclic polymers demonstrate different and unique physical and biological properties in comparison with linear counterparts having the same molecular-weight range. With advanced synthetic and analytic technologies, cyclic polymers with different topologies, e.g. multicyclic polymers, have been reported and well characterized. For example, various cyclic DNA and related structures, such as cyclic duplexes, have been prepared conveniently by click chemistry. These types of DNA have increased resistance to enzymatic degradation and have high thermodynamic stability, and thus, have potential therapeutic applications. In addition, cyclic polymers have also been used to prepare organic-inorganic hybrids for applications in catalysis, e.g. catalyst supports. Due to developments in synthetic technology, highly pure cyclic polymers could now be produced in large scale. Therefore, we anticipate discovering more applications in the near future. Despite their promise, cyclic polymers are still less explored than linear polymers like polyolefins and polycarbonates, which are widely used in daily life. Some critical issues, including controlling the molecular weight and finding suitable applications, remain big challenges in the cyclic-polymer field. This review briefly summarizes the commonly used synthetic methodologies and focuses more on the attractive functional materials and their biological properties and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghuai Zhu
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Narayan S Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalb, IL, 60115-2862, USA
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45
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Chang YA, Waymouth RM. Ion pairing effects in the zwitterionic ring opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00662g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of LiCl additive on the N-heterocyclic carbene mediated zwitterionic ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone was investigated.
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Lin Z, Lu P, Yu X, Zhang WB, Huang M, Wu K, Guo K, Wesdemiotis C, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Yue K, Cheng SZD. Sequential “Click” Synthesis of “Nano-Diamond-Ring-like” Giant Surfactants Based on Functionalized Hydrophilic POSS/C60 Tethered with Cyclic Polystyrenes. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500696h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Lin
- Department
of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Pengtao Lu
- Department
of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Xinfei Yu
- Department
of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Department
of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mingjun Huang
- Department
of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Kan Wu
- Department
of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Kai Guo
- Department
of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department
of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kan Yue
- Department
of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- Department
of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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Gupta SK, Ghorai D, Choudhury J. A New Type of Palladium-Pincer Complexes Generated via Hydrolytic Ring-Opening of Imidazole-2-ylidenes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500362x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj K. Gupta
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Indore By-pass Road, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Debasish Ghorai
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Indore By-pass Road, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Indore By-pass Road, Bhopal 462 066, India
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49
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Kaitz JA, Diesendruck CE, Moore JS. Divergent Macrocyclization Mechanisms in the Cationic Initiated Polymerization of Ethyl Glyoxylate. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500674c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Kaitz
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and
Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Charles E. Diesendruck
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and
Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and
Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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50
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Brown HA, Xiong S, Medvedev GA, Chang YA, Abu-Omar MM, Caruthers JM, Waymouth RM. Zwitterionic Ring-Opening Polymerization: Models for Kinetics of Cyclic Poly(caprolactone) Synthesis. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500395j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley A. Brown
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Silei Xiong
- Forney
Hall of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Grigori A. Medvedev
- Forney
Hall of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Young A. Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mahdi M. Abu-Omar
- Forney
Hall of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Brown
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval
Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - James M. Caruthers
- Forney
Hall of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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