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Song L, Huang X, Chen X, Zhong L, Jiang X, Zhang X. Anisotropic Hexagonal Particles Induced by the Double-Solvent Swelling Method. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15315-15319. [PMID: 31702935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonspherical anisotropic particles, as basic building blocks, have been catching much attention in recent decades. However, it is still a challenge to produce nonspherical particles by traditional approaches. Here, we reported a facile method to fabricate hexagonal particles via the double-solvent swelling method. When the crystal arrays were immersed in the double-solvent system of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), the particles were swollen and squeezed into hexagonal particles. The concave size of hexagonal particles was controlled by tuning the mass ratio of the solvent and the swelling time. In addition, the particles with novel morphology were also prepared by swelling the arrays with a distinct lattice structure. The monodispersed particle possesses a well-defined hexagonal morphology and the liquid crystal phenomenon, which has promising applications in the fields of photonics, optical devices, and toners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , People's Republic of China
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2
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Yu B, Cong H, Peng Q, Gu C, Tang Q, Xu X, Tian C, Zhai F. Current status and future developments in preparation and application of nonspherical polymer particles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 256:126-151. [PMID: 29705026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonspherical polymer particles (NPPs) are nano/micro-particulates of macromolecules that are anisotropic in shape, and can be designed anisotropic in chemistry. Due to shape and surface anisotropies, NPPs bear many unique structures and fascinating properties which are distinctly different from those of spherical polymer particles (SPPs). In recent years, the research on NPPs has surprisingly blossomed in recent years, and many practical materials based on NPPs with potential applications in photonic device, material science and biomedical engineering have been generated. In this review, we give a systematic, balanced and comprehensive summary of the main aspects of NPPs related to their preparation and application, and propose perspectives for the future developments of NPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qiaohong Peng
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chuantao Gu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Feng Zhai
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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3
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Wu Y, Wang K, Tan H, Xu J, Zhu J. Emulsion Solvent Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers Containing pH-Sensitive Block. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:9889-9896. [PMID: 28836788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple yet efficient method is developed to manipulate the self-assembly of pH-sensitive block copolymers (BCPs) confined in emulsion droplets. Addition of acid induces significant variation in morphological transition (e.g., structure and surface composition changes) of the polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) assemblies, due to the hydrophobic-hydrophilic transition of the pH-sensitive P4VP block via protonation. In the case of pH > pKa(P4VP) (pKa (P4VP) = 4.8), the BCPs can self-assemble into pupa-like particles because of the nearly neutral wetting of PS and P4VP blocks at the oil/water interface. As expected, onion-like particles obtained when pH is slightly lower than pKa(P4VP) (e.g., pH = 3.00), due to the interfacial affinity to the weakly hydrophilic P4VP block. Interestingly, when pH was further decreased to ∼2.5, interfacial instability of the emulsion droplets was observed, and each emulsion droplet generated nanoscale assemblies including vesicles, worm-like and/or spherical micelles rather than a nanostructured microparticle. Furthermore, homopolymer with different molecular weights and addition ratio are employed to adjust the interactions among copolymer blocks. By this means, particles with hierarchical structures can be obtained. Moreover, owing to the kinetically controlled processing, we found that temperature and stirring speed, which can significantly affect the kinetics of the evaporation of organic solvent and the formation of particles, played a key role in the morphology of the assemblies. We believe that manipulation of the property for the aqueous phase is a promising strategy to rationally design and fabricate polymeric assemblies with desirable shapes and internal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jintao Zhu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of HUST , Shenzhen 518000, China
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4
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Zhong K, Li J, Van Cleuvenbergen S, Clays K. Direct fabrication of complex 3D hierarchical nanostructures by reactive ion etching of hollow sphere colloidal crystals. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:15845-15849. [PMID: 27545098 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05365c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Direct reactive ion etching (RIE) of hollow SiO2 sphere colloidal crystals (HSCCs) is employed as a facile, low-cost method to fabricate complex three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical nanostructures. These multilayered structures are gradually transformed into nanostructures of increasing complexity by controlling the etching time, without complicated procedures (no mask needed). The resulting 3D topologies are unique, and cannot be obtained through traditional approaches. The formation mechanism of these structures is explained in detail by geometrical modeling during the different etching stages, through shadow effects of the higher layers. SEM images confirm the modeled morphological changes. The nanostructures obtained by our approach show very fine features as small as ∼30 nm. Our approach opens new avenues to directly obtain complex 3D nanostructures from colloidal crystals and can find applications in sensing, templating, and catalysis where fine tuning the specific surface might be critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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5
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Zhong K, Li J, Liu L, Brullot W, Bloemen M, Volodin A, Song K, Van Dorpe P, Verellen N, Clays K. Direct Fabrication of Monodisperse Silica Nanorings from Hollow Spheres - A Template for Core-Shell Nanorings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10451-10458. [PMID: 27031364 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a new type of nanosphere colloidal lithography to directly fabricate monodisperse silica (SiO2) nanorings by means of reactive ion etching of hollow SiO2 spheres. Detailed TEM, SEM, and AFM structural analysis is complemented by a model describing the geometrical transition from hollow sphere to ring during the etching process. The resulting silica nanorings can be readily redispersed in solution and subsequently serve as universal templates for the synthesis of ring-shaped core-shell nanostructures. As an example we used silica nanorings (with diameter of ∼200 nm) to create a novel plasmonic nanoparticle topology, a silica-Au core-shell nanoring, by self-assembly of Au nanoparticles (<20 nm) on the ring's surface. Spectroscopic measurements and finite difference time domain simulations reveal high quality factor multipolar and antibonding surface plasmon resonances in the near-infrared. By loading different types of nanoparticles on the silica core, hybrid and multifunctional composite nanoring structures could be realized for applications such as MRI contrast enhancement, catalysis, drug delivery, plasmonic and magnetic hyperthermia, photoacoustic imaging, and biochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jiaqi Li
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liwang Liu
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ward Brullot
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Bloemen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Volodin
- Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Song
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pol Van Dorpe
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels Verellen
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Xu J, Wang Y, He X. Self-assembly of Janus ellipsoids: a Brownian dynamics simulation with a quantitative nonspherical-particle model. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:7433-9. [PMID: 26270738 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01667c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Janus ellipsoids as mesoscale building blocks can aggregate into various micelle-like structures in solution that have potential applications in many fields such as novel surfactants, photonic crystals, drug delivery and biochemical sensors. In this work, we present a novel nonspherical-particle model to investigate the self-assembly of Janus ellipsoids, which quantitatively reflects interaction dependence on the particle shape. The phase diagrams of Janus ellipsoids depending on the aspect ratio and the component ratio are achieved and various aggregates are observed such as a sandwich-type structure, columnar aggregates, vesicles, liquid crystals, random aggregation structures, spherical micelles and wormlike micelles. The specific heat capacity curves and temperature evolutions illustrate the formation processes of assembled superstructures detailedly. We analyze the potential energy surfaces (PESs) of interaction between two Janus ellipsoids and the minimum energy paths (MEPs) between saddle points on the PESs. It is found that the number of metastable conformation and the activation energy along MEPs rely not only on the ellipsoidal shape but also on the component ratio. This work provides rich and valuable information for a deep understanding of the self-assembly mechanism of Janus ellipsoids and design of new mesoscale building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China.
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7
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Synthesis and property of polystyrene particle with smart surface by emulsion polymerization using “giant” surfactant. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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8
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Liu X, Choi B, Gozubenli N, Jiang P. Periodic arrays of metal nanorings and nanocrescents fabricated by a scalable colloidal templating approach. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 409:52-8. [PMID: 23978286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a scalable bottom-up approach for fabricating periodic arrays of metal nanorings and nanocrescents. Wafer-scale monolayer silica colloidal crystals with an unusual non-close-packed structure prepared by a simple and rapid spin-coating technology are used as both etching and shadowing masks to create nanoring-shaped trenches in between templated polymer posts and sacrificial nanoholes. Directional deposition of metals in the trenches followed by liftoff of the polymer posts and the sacrificial nanoholes results in forming ordered metal nanorings. The inner and outer radii of the final nanorings are determined by the sizes of the templated polymer posts and the silica microspheres which can be easily adjusted by tuning the spin-coating and templating conditions. Most importantly, by simply controlling the tilt angle of the substrate toward the directional metal beams, continuous geometric transition from concentric nanorings to eccentric nanorings to nanocrescents can be achieved. This new colloidal templating approach is compatible with standard semiconductor microfabrication, promising for mass-production and on-chip integration of periodic nanorings and nanocrescents for a wide spectrum of technological applications ranging from nanooptical devices and ultrasensitive biosensing to magnetic memories and logic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Liu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, jiangsu 214122, China.
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9
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Li JN, Liu TZ, Zheng HR, Gao F, Dong J, Zhang ZL, Zhang ZY. Plasmon resonances and strong electric field enhancements in side-by-side tangent nanospheroid homodimers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:17176-17185. [PMID: 23938564 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.017176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The plasmon resonance and electric field enhancement in a side-by-side tangent nanospheroid homodimer (TNSHD) have been investigated theoretically by using DDA and FDTD methods, respectively. The simulation results indicate that this side-by-side TNSHD has its novel optical properties. We find that the plasmon resonance with a distinct Fano lineshape can be achieved and the electric field intensity can be enhanced strongly. The tunability of the Fano resonance could provide important applications in biosensing. The obtained electric field enhancement might open a promising pathway for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and light trapping in solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Li
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
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10
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Yang H, Gozubenli N, Fang Y, Jiang P. Generalized fabrication of monolayer nonclose-packed colloidal crystals with tunable lattice spacing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7674-7681. [PMID: 23734581 DOI: 10.1021/la4011554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a simple colloidal transfer technology that enables scalable fabrication of monolayer nonclose-packed silica colloidal crystals on a large variety of substrates. Two-dimensional colloidal crystals with an unusual nonclose-packed structure are first assembled on silicon wafers by a spin-coating technique. A poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film cast upon the spin-coated colloidal crystal is used to transfer the nonclose-packed particle arrays onto various substrates. The lattice spacing of the transferred monolayer colloidal crystal can easily be adjusted by thermally treating the PVA-silica spheres composite film for varied durations. We also have demonstrated the templating fabrication of periodic arrays of gold nanodots using a transferred monolayer nonclose-packed colloidal crystal as a structural template. The resultant plasmonic array exhibits high surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement factor (~3.8 × 10(7)) for adsorbed benzenethiol molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongta Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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11
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Smith BD, Kirby DJ, Rivera IO, Keating CD. Self-assembly of segmented anisotropic particles: tuning compositional anisotropy to form vertical or horizontal arrays. ACS NANO 2013; 7:825-833. [PMID: 23244212 DOI: 10.1021/nn305394s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Columnar arrays of anisotropic nano- and microparticles, in which the long axes of the particles are oriented perpendicular to the substrate, are of interest for photovoltaics and other applications. Array assembly typically requires applied electric or magnetic fields and/or controlled drying, which are challenging over large areas. Here, we describe a scalable approach to self-assemble multicomponent nanowires into columnar arrays. Self-assembly of partially etched nanowires (PENs) occurred spontaneously during sedimentation from suspension, without drying or applied fields. PENs, which have segments that are either gold or "empty" (solvent-filled) surrounded by a silica shell, were produced from striped metal nanowires by first coating with silica and then removing sacrificial segments by acid etching. Electrostatic repulsion between the particles was necessary for array assembly; however, details of PEN surface chemistry were relatively unimportant. The aspect ratio and relative center of mass (COM) of the PENs were important for determining whether the PEN long axes were vertically or horizontally aligned with respect to the underlying substrate. Arrays with predominantly vertically aligned particles were achieved for PENs with a large offset in COM relative to the geometric center, while other types of PENs formed horizontal arrays. Assemblies were formed over >10 cm(2) areas, with over 60% of particles standing. We assessed array uniformity and reproducibility by imaging many positions within each sample and performing multiple assemblies of differently segmented PENs. This work demonstrates the versatility of gravity-driven PEN array assembly and provides a framework for designing other anisotropic particle systems that self-assemble into columnar arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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12
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Wang Y, Huang W, Huang L, Zhang S, Hua D, Zhu X. Synthesis of walnut-like polystyrene particles using a “giant” surfactant and its superhydrophobic property. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py21142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Dong JJ, Zhang XW, Yin ZG, Zhang SG, Wang JX, Tan HR, Gao Y, Si FT, Gao HL. Controllable growth of highly ordered ZnO nanorod arrays via inverted self-assembled monolayer template. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:4388-95. [PMID: 21967127 DOI: 10.1021/am2010288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a facile and effective approach to the controllable growth of highly ordered and vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays on the GaN substrate via a hydrothermal route by using the TiO(2) ring template deriving from the polystyrene microsphere self-assembled monolayer. The size of TiO(2) ring template can be flexibly tuned from 50 to 400 nm for the 500 nm polystyrene microspheres by varying the time of reactive ion etching and the concentration of TiO(2) sol. As a result, the diameter of the individual ZnO nanorods can be potentially tuned over a wide range. The combination of several characterization techniques has demonstrated that the ordered ZnO nanorods are highly uniform in diameter and height with perfect alignment and are epitaxially grown along [0001] direction. This work provides a novel and accessible route to prepare oriented and aligned ZnO nanorod arrays with high crystalline quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Dong
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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14
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Yang Q, Chen J, Wang L, Xu Q, He L. Morphology control and 2D self-assembly of poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) capsules. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 358:437-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Smith BD, Kirby DJ, Keating CD. Vertical arrays of anisotropic particles by gravity-driven self-assembly. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:781-787. [PMID: 21425463 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic particles assemble to spontaneously form columnar arrays. Hybrid nanotube/nanowire particles (silica nanotubes partially filled with metallic cores) deposit with their denser metallic ends towards the surface, orienting them vertically. Up to 84% are observed to be standing over a 0.64 cm(2) area within 15 min. Standing percentage is found to be dependent on particle surface concentration.
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16
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Zhang J, Li Y, Zhang X, Yang B. Colloidal self-assembly meets nanofabrication: from two-dimensional colloidal crystals to nanostructure arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:4249-69. [PMID: 20803529 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal microspheres or nanospheres is an effective strategy for fabrication of ordered nanostructures. By combination of colloidal self-assembly with nanofabrication techniques, two-dimensional (2D) colloidal crystals have been employed as masks or templates for evaporation, deposition, etching, and imprinting, etc. These methods are defined as "colloidal lithography", which is now recognized as a facile, inexpensive, and repeatable nanofabrication technique. This paper presents an overview of 2D colloidal crystals and nanostructure arrays fabricated by colloidal lithography. First, different methods for fabricating self-assembled 2D colloidal crystals and complex 2D colloidal crystal structures are summarized. After that, according to the nanofabrication strategy employed in colloidal lithography, related works are reviewed as colloidal-crystal-assisted evaporation, deposition, etching, imprinting, and dewetting, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhu Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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17
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Ding T, Song K, Clays K, Tung CH. Controlled directionality of ellipsoids in monolayer and multilayer colloidal crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:11544-11549. [PMID: 20527962 DOI: 10.1021/la101622d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a self-assembly approach for monolayer and multilayer deposition of ellipsoids with a controllable direction. The direction of the ellipsoids in the assembly can be conveniently tuned by external applied magnetic field. This level of control on positional and directional order suggests a way to build monolayer templates for lithography with two-dimensional patterns and three-dimensional anisotropic photonic crystals, which may open the way toward the complete photonic band gap in the visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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18
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Ding T, Liu ZF, Song K, Clays K, Tung CH. Photonic crystals of oblate spheroids by blown film extrusion of prefabricated colloidal crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:10218-10222. [PMID: 19441822 DOI: 10.1021/la901004m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional photonic crystals (or photonic band gap materials) have been fabricated with oblate spheroids as the photonic building block. The nonspherical shape was realized by the blown film extrusion process of a prefabricated colloidal photonic crystal of spherical polystyrene particles, with its voids infiltrated by polyvinyl alcohol. The extrusion was applied on the composite film at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of both polymers. The uniformly applied two-dimensional stretching retains the positional order in the prefabricated colloidal crystal; transforms the spheres into oblate spheroids; and results in orientational order between the spheroids. The morphology of the particles can be predictably changed from a sphere into an oblate spheroid with a specified aspect ratio by the extent of the blown film extrusion. Therefore, the concomitant photonic band gap properties can be tuned in a convenient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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