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Deng C, Wang X, Wang T, Liu W, Yuan X, Huang Y, Cao S. Virtual screening and molecular growth guide the design of inhibitors for the influenza virus drug-resistant mutant M2-V27A/S31N. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5253-5267. [PMID: 37424098 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2233026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The influenza A virus matrix protein 2 (AM2) protein is a proton-gated, proton-selective ion channel essential for influenza replication that has been identified as an antiviral target. The drug-resistance of the M2-V27A/S31N strain, which has been growing more prevalent in recent years and has the potential to spread globally, prevents current amantadine inhibitors from having the desired impact. In this study, we compiled the most common influenza A virus strains from 2001-2020 from the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information database and hypothesized that M2-V27A/S31N would become a common strain. The lead compound ZINC299830590 was screened for M2-V27A/S31N in the ZINC15 database using a pharmacophore model and molecular descriptors. This lead compound was then optimized by molecular growth, which allowed us to identify important amino acid residues and create interactions with them to produce compound 4. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the complex of compound 4 and M2-V27A/S31N had certain degrees of stability and flexibility. The binding free energy of compound 4 was calculated using the MM/PB(GB)SA method and totaled -106.525 kcal/mol. Finally, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles were predicted using the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity model, which indicated the good bioavailability of compound 4. These results provide the basis for further in vivo and in vitro studies to demonstrate that compound 4 is a promising drug candidate against M2-V27A/S31N.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Tangle Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ding S, Pu Y, Lin J, Zhao H, Tang Q, Wang J. Electrophile-Controlled Regiodivergent Palladium-Catalyzed Imidoylative Spirocyclization of Cyclic Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1908-1913. [PMID: 38407073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
An intermolecular controllable Pd-catalyzed spirocyclization of isocyano cycloalkenes has been developed, offering efficient and selective approaches toward spirocyclic hydropyrrole scaffolds. 2-Azaspiro-1,7-dienes could be obtained through a "chain-walking" process with aryl/vinyl iodides as electrophiles, while the normal Heck product 2-azaspiro-1,6-dienes were selectively generated when aryl triflates were used as the coupling partner of isocyanides. Mechanistic studies suggested that the counteranion of the Pd(II) intermediate played a crucial role in the regioselectivity control. Dihydropyrrole-fused 5,6,7-membered spirocycles were switchably accessed under mild conditions with wide functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yue Pu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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3
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Zhang M, Feng S, Chen S, Zhou Y, Gong C, Xue W. Synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activity of myricetin derivatives containing piperidine and amide fragments. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4795-4808. [PMID: 37477984 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous use of synthetic bactericides and fungicides is causing pathogens to develop resistance, resulting in increased use of pesticides and affecting food security. The green pesticides derived from natural products could reduce or avoid 'pesticide hazards' caused by synthetic pesticides as a result of their unique mechanism of action. Therefore, it is of great significance to create green pesticides with novel structures. RESULTS Herein, 30 novel myricetin derivatives containing piperidine and amide fragments were designed and synthesized using active group splicing. Among them, compound Z30 had excellent inhibitory effect against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo) with the half effective concentration (EC50 ) of 2.7 μg mL-1 . Compound Z26 not only exhibited better antibacterial activity against Xaxonopodis pv. Citri (Xac) with EC50 of 3.9 μg mL-1 , but also displayed higher antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani (Rs) with EC50 of 8.3 μg mL-1 . In vivo experiments proved that Z30 against bacterial blight of rice and Z26 against rice blast exhibits significant protective and curative effect. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that Z26 and Z30 could change the integrity of cell wall and membrane of pathogen Xoo, Xac and Rs, resulting in cytoplasmic leakage and eventually death. Enzymatic assay, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) indicated that Z26 could be used as a potential succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI). CONCLUSION Z26 and Z30 significantly reduced the pathogenicity of the pathogens, which provided a new idea and direction for the development of green pesticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaohe Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuanxiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Chenyu Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
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4
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Liu C, Hu L, Dong G, Zhang Y, Ferreira da Silva-Júnior E, Liu X, Menéndez-Arias L, Zhan P. Emerging drug design strategies in anti-influenza drug discovery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4715-4732. [PMID: 38045039 PMCID: PMC10692392 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses (IFV), According to the World Health Organization (WHO), seasonal IFV epidemics result in approximately 3-5 million cases of severe illness, leading to about half a million deaths worldwide, along with severe economic losses and social burdens. Unfortunately, frequent mutations in IFV lead to a certain lag in vaccine development as well as resistance to existing antiviral drugs. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop anti-IFV drugs with high efficiency against wild-type and resistant strains, needed in the fight against current and future outbreaks caused by different IFV strains. In this review, we summarize general strategies used for the discovery and development of antiviral agents targeting multiple IFV strains (including those resistant to available drugs). Structure-based drug design, mechanism-based drug design, multivalent interaction-based drug design and drug repurposing are amongst the most relevant strategies that provide a framework for the development of antiviral drugs targeting IFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lide Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guanyu Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Luis Menéndez-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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5
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Abstract
The M1 of influenza A virus (IAV) is important for the virus life cycle, especially for the assembly and budding of viruses, which is a multistep process that requires host factors. Identifying novel host proteins that interact with M1 and understanding their functions in IAV replication are of great interest in antiviral drug development. In this study, we identified 19 host proteins in DF1 cells suspected to interact with the M1 protein of an H5N6 virus through immunoprecipitation (IP)/mass spectrometry. Among them, PSMD12, a 26S proteasome regulatory subunit, was shown to interact with influenza M1, acting as a positive host factor in IAV replication in avian and human cells. The data showed that PSMD12 promoted K63-linked ubiquitination of M1 at the K102 site. H5N6 and PR8 with an M1-K102 site mutant displayed a significantly weaker replication ability than the wild-type viruses. Mechanistically, PSMD12 promoted M1-M2 virus-like particle (VLP) release, and an M1-K102 mutation disrupted the formation of supernatant M1-M2 VLPs. An H5N6 M1-K102 site mutation or knockdown PSMD12 disrupted the budding release of the virus in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Further study confirmed that M1-K102 site mutation significantly affected the virulence of H5N6 and PR8 viruses in mice. In conclusion, we report the novel host factor PSMD12 which affects the replication of influenza virus by mediating K63-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102. These findings provide novel insight into the interactions between IAV and host cells, while suggesting an important target for anti-influenza virus drug research. IMPORTANCE M1 is proposed to play multiple biologically important roles in the life cycle of IAV, which relies largely on host factors. This study is the first one to identify that PSMD12 interacts with M1, mediates K63-linked ubiquitination of M1 at the K102 site, and thus positively regulates influenza virus proliferation. PSMD12 promoted M1-M2 VLP egress, and an M1-K102 mutation affected the M1-M2 VLP formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the importance of this site to the morphology and budding of influenza viruses by obtaining mutant viruses, and the M1 ubiquitination regulator PSMD12 has a similar function to the M1 K102 mutation in regulating virus release and virus morphology. Additionally, we confirm the reduced virulence of H5N6 and PR8 (H1N1) viruses carrying the M1-K102 site mutation in mice. These findings provide novel insights into IAV interactions with host cells and suggest a valid and highly conserved candidate target for antiviral drug development.
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6
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Liu X, Liang J, Yu Y, Han X, Yu L, Chen F, Xu Z, Chen Q, Jin M, Dong C, Zhou HB, Lan K, Wu S. Discovery of Aryl Benzoyl Hydrazide Derivatives as Novel Potent Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp). J Med Chem 2022; 65:3814-3832. [PMID: 35212527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses possess a high antigenic shift, and the approved anti-influenza drugs are extremely limited, which makes the development of novel anti-influenza drugs for the clinical treatment and prevention of influenza outbreaks imperative. Herein, we report a series of novel aryl benzoyl hydrazide analogs as potent anti-influenza agents. Particularly, analogs 10b, 10c, 10g, 11p, and 11q exhibited potent inhibitory activity against the avian H5N1 flu strain with EC50 values ranging from 0.009 to 0.034 μM. Moreover, compound 11q exhibited nanomolar antiviral effects against both the H1N1 virus and Flu B virus and possessed good oral bioavailability and inhibitory activity against influenza A virus in a mouse model. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that these compounds exert anti-influenza virus effects mainly by interacting with the PB1 subunit of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). These results revealed that 11q has the potential to become a potent clinical candidate to combat seasonal influenza and influenza pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jinsen Liang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yongshi Yu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Han
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mengyu Jin
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chune Dong
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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7
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Kulkarni A, Ramesh R, Walia S, Sayyad SI, Gathalkar GB, Balamkundu S, Joshi M, Sen A, Reddy DS. Identification of a Novel Series of Potent Organosilicon Mosquito Repellents. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31236-31243. [PMID: 34841167 PMCID: PMC8613865 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito control by personal protection is one of the most efficient ways of curtailing deadly diseases such as malaria and dengue with the potential to save millions of lives per year. DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methyl benzamide) is currently considered as the gold standard for mosquito repellents, being used for the past several decades. Control by DEET, however, is being threatened by emerging resistance among mosquitoes. To address this concern and also to improve protection times, we synthesized a novel series of 25 silicon-containing acyl piperidines using acid-amine coupling protocol and tested their activity against Aedes aegypti in mosquito-repellent assays. Several compounds from this series appear to possess good mosquito-repellent properties. Most notably, at 0.5 mg/cm2 concentrations, the mean protection time for NDS100100 was 756 min, which was higher than that of DEET (616 min). The details of design, synthesis, and biological evaluation are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay
S. Kulkarni
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, CSIR−National
Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Remya Ramesh
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, CSIR−National
Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Safal Walia
- Bioinformatics
Centre, S. P. Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Shahebaz I. Sayyad
- Laboratory
of Entomology, CSIR−National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ganesh B. Gathalkar
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Laboratory
of Entomology, CSIR−National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Seetharamsing Balamkundu
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, CSIR−National
Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manali Joshi
- Bioinformatics
Centre, S. P. Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Avalokiteswar Sen
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Laboratory
of Entomology, CSIR−National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - D. Srinivasa Reddy
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, CSIR−National
Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-Indian
Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
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Mtambo SE, Amoako DG, Somboro AM, Agoni C, Lawal MM, Gumede NS, Khan RB, Kumalo HM. Influenza Viruses: Harnessing the Crucial Role of the M2 Ion-Channel and Neuraminidase toward Inhibitor Design. Molecules 2021; 26:880. [PMID: 33562349 PMCID: PMC7916051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses, influenza viruses (IVs) are known causative agents of respiratory infection in vertebrates. They remain a major global threat responsible for the most virulent diseases and global pandemics in humans. The virulence of IVs and the consequential high morbidity and mortality of IV infections are primarily attributed to the high mutation rates in the IVs' genome coupled with the numerous genomic segments, which give rise to antiviral resistant and vaccine evading strains. Current therapeutic options include vaccines and small molecule inhibitors, which therapeutically target various catalytic processes in IVs. However, the periodic emergence of new IV strains necessitates the continuous development of novel anti-influenza therapeutic options. The crux of this review highlights the recent studies on the biology of influenza viruses, focusing on the structure, function, and mechanism of action of the M2 channel and neuraminidase as therapeutic targets. We further provide an update on the development of new M2 channel and neuraminidase inhibitors as an alternative to existing anti-influenza therapy. We conclude by highlighting therapeutic strategies that could be explored further towards the design of novel anti-influenza inhibitors with the ability to inhibit resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sphamadla E. Mtambo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Daniel G. Amoako
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
| | - Anou M. Somboro
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
| | - Clement Agoni
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Monsurat M. Lawal
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Nelisiwe S. Gumede
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Rene B. Khan
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Hezekiel M. Kumalo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
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9
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Jalily PH, Duncan MC, Fedida D, Wang J, Tietjen I. Put a cork in it: Plugging the M2 viral ion channel to sink influenza. Antiviral Res 2020; 178:104780. [PMID: 32229237 PMCID: PMC7102647 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing threat of seasonal and pandemic influenza to human health requires antivirals that can effectively supplement existing vaccination strategies. The M2 protein of influenza A virus (IAV) is a proton-gated, proton-selective ion channel that is required for virus replication and is an established antiviral target. While licensed adamantane-based M2 antivirals have been historically used, M2 mutations that confer major adamantane resistance are now so prevalent in circulating virus strains that these drugs are no longer recommended. Here we review the current understanding of IAV M2 structure and function, mechanisms of inhibition, the rise of drug resistance mutations, and ongoing efforts to develop new antivirals that target resistant forms of M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria H Jalily
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maggie C Duncan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - David Fedida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Ian Tietjen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Tomar PPS, Oren R, Krugliak M, Arkin IT. Potential Viroporin Candidates From Pathogenic Viruses Using Bacteria-Based Bioassays. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070632. [PMID: 31324045 PMCID: PMC6669592 DOI: 10.3390/v11070632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viroporins are a family of small hydrophobic proteins found in many enveloped viruses that are capable of ion transport. Building upon the ability to inhibit influenza by blocking its archetypical M2 H+ channel, as a family, viroporins may represent a viable target to curb viral infectivity. To this end, using three bacterial assays we analyzed six small hydrophobic proteins from biomedically important viruses as potential viroporin candidates. Our results indicate that Eastern equine encephalitis virus 6k, West Nile virus MgM, Dengue virus 2k, Dengue virus P1, Variola virus gp170, and Variola virus gp151 proteins all exhibit channel activity in the bacterial assays, and as such may be considered viroporin candidates. It is clear that more studies, such as patch clamping, will be needed to characterize the ionic conductivities of these proteins. However, our approach presents a rapid procedure to analyze open reading frames in other viruses, yielding new viroporin candidates for future detailed investigation. Finally, if conductivity is proven vital to their cognate viruses, the bio-assays presented herein afford a simple approach to screen for new channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Pratap Singh Tomar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Rivka Oren
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Miriam Krugliak
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Isaiah T Arkin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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11
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Schroeder R, Grenning AJ. Accessing the decarboxylative allylation–divinylcyclopropane-cycloheptadiene rearrangement from the ketone/aldehyde substrate pool. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Yan RJ, Xiao BX, Ouyang Q, Liang HP, Du W, Chen YC. Asymmetric Dearomative Formal [4 + 2] Cycloadditions of N,4-Dialkylpyridinium Salts and Enones To Construct Azaspiro[5.5]undecane Frameworks. Org Lett 2018; 20:8000-8003. [PMID: 30525703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric dearomative formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of activated N,4-dialkylpyridinium salts and acyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones was developed by the cascade iminium ion-enamine catalysis of a cinchona-derived amine. A spectrum of valuable azaspiro[5.5]undecane architectures was efficiently constructed with high to excellent diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Ben-Xian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, and College of Pharmacy , Third Military Medical University , Shapingba, Chongqing 400038 , China
| | - Hua-Ping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, and College of Pharmacy , Third Military Medical University , Shapingba, Chongqing 400038 , China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, and College of Pharmacy , Third Military Medical University , Shapingba, Chongqing 400038 , China
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13
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Zhao X, Li R, Zhou Y, Xiao M, Ma C, Yang Z, Zeng S, Du Q, Yang C, Jiang H, Hu Y, Wang K, Mok CKP, Sun P, Dong J, Cui W, Wang J, Tu Y, Yang Z, Hu W. Discovery of Highly Potent Pinanamine-Based Inhibitors against Amantadine- and Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A Viruses. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5187-5198. [PMID: 29799746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Influenza pandemic is a constant major threat to public health caused by influenza A viruses (IAVs). IAVs are subcategorized by the surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), in which they are both essential targets for drug discovery. While it is of great concern that NA inhibitor oseltamivir resistant strains are frequently identified from human or avian influenza virus, structural and functional characterization of influenza HA has raised hopes for new antiviral therapies. In this study, we explored a structure-activity relationship (SAR) of pinanamine-based antivirals and discovered a potent inhibitor M090 against amantadine-resistant viruses, including the 2009 H1N1 pandemic strains, and oseltamivir-resistant viruses. Mechanism of action studies, particularly hemolysis inhibition, indicated that M090 targets influenza HA and it occupied a highly conserved pocket of the HA2 domain and inhibited virus-mediated membrane fusion by "locking" the bending state of HA2 during the conformational rearrangement process. This work provides new binding sites within the HA protein and indicates that this pocket may be a promising target for broad-spectrum anti-influenza A drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , The University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Runfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology , Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center , Stockholm SE-100 44 , Sweden
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , P. R. China
| | - Chunlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , The University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States.,BIO5 Institute , The University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Zhongjin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China
| | - Shaogao Zeng
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , P. R. China
| | - Qiuling Du
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Haiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , The University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States.,BIO5 Institute , The University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Kefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China
| | - Chris Ka Pun Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China.,HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, HKU Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , 5 Sassoon Road , Pokfulam , Hong Kong
| | - Ping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China
| | - Jianghong Dong
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , The University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States.,BIO5 Institute , The University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Yaoquan Tu
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology , Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center , Stockholm SE-100 44 , Sweden
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530 , P. R. China
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14
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Safaei-Ghomi J, Lashkari MR, Shahbazi-Alavi H. Synthesis of bis-spiropiperidines using nano-CuFe2O4@chitosan as a robust and retrievable heterogeneous catalyst. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/174751917x14967701767067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient pseudo six-component synthesis of bis-spiropiperidines is described by one-pot condensation of formaldehyde, aromatic amine and dimedone or N,N-dimethyl-barbituric acid using nano-CuFe2O4@chitosan at room temperature. This method provides several advantages including mild reaction conditions, applicability to wide range of substrates, reusability of the catalyst and little catalyst loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Safaei-Ghomi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, PO Box 87317-51167, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rasool Lashkari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, PO Box 87317-51167, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahbazi-Alavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, PO Box 87317-51167, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kashan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashan, Iran
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15
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Barniol-Xicota M, Gazzarrini S, Torres E, Hu Y, Wang J, Naesens L, Moroni A, Vázquez S. Slow but Steady Wins the Race: Dissimilarities among New Dual Inhibitors of the Wild-Type and the V27A Mutant M2 Channels of Influenza A Virus. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3727-3738. [PMID: 28418242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
New insights on the amantadine resistance mechanism of the V27A mutant were obtained through the study of novel, easily accessible 4-(1- and 2-adamantyl)piperidines, identified as dual binders of the wild-type and V27A mutant M2 channels of influenza A virus. Their antiviral activity and channel blocking ability were determined using cell-based assays and two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) technique on M2 channels, respectively. In addition, electrophysiology experiments revealed two interesting findings: (i) these inhibitors display a different behavior against the wild-type versus V27A mutant A/M2 channels, and (ii) the compounds display antiviral activity when they have kd equal or smaller than 10-6 while they do not exhibit antiviral activity when kd is 10-5 or higher although they may show blocking activity in the TEV assay. Thus, caution must be taken when predicting antiviral activity based on percent channel blockage in electrophysiological assays. These findings provide experimental evidence of the resistance mechanism of the V27A mutation to wild-type inhibitors, previously predicted in silico, offer an explanation for the lack of antiviral activity of compounds active in the TEV assay, and may help design new and more effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barniol-Xicota
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Sabrina Gazzarrini
- Department of Biosciences and National Research Council (CNR) Biophysics Institute (IBF), University of Milan , Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Torres
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,BI05 Institute, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,BI05 Institute, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Moroni
- Department of Biosciences and National Research Council (CNR) Biophysics Institute (IBF), University of Milan , Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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16
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Li F, Hu Y, Wang Y, Ma C, Wang J. Expeditious Lead Optimization of Isoxazole-Containing Influenza A Virus M2-S31N Inhibitors Using the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1580-1590. [PMID: 28182419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The existence of multidrug-resistant influenza viruses, coupled with the continuously antigenic shift and antigenic drift of influenza viruses, necessitates the development of the next-generation of influenza antivirals. As the AM2-S31N mutant persists in more than 95% of current circulating influenza A viruses, targeting the AM2-S31N proton channel appears to be a logical and valid approach to combating drug resistance. Starting from compound 1, an isoxazole compound with potent AM2-S31N channel blockage and antiviral activity, in this study we report an expeditious synthetic strategy that allows us to promptly explore the structure-activity relationships of isoxazole-containing AM2-S31N inhibitors. Propelled by the convenient synthesis, the lead optimization effort yielded a number of potent antivirals with submicromolar efficacy against several human clinical isolates of influenza A viruses, including both oseltamivir-sensitive and -resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Chunlong Ma
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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17
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Wessig P, Schulze T, Pfennig A, Weidner SM, Prentzel S, Schlaad H. Thiol–ene polymerization of oligospiroketal rods. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01569k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The nucleophilic thiol–ene (thia-Michael) reaction between molecular rods bearing terminal thiols and bis-maleimides was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Wessig
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Tanja Schulze
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | | | - Steffen M. Weidner
- 1.3 Structure Analysis
- Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM)
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Sascha Prentzel
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
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18
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Llabrés S, Juárez-Jiménez J, Masetti M, Leiva R, Vázquez S, Gazzarrini S, Moroni A, Cavalli A, Luque FJ. Mechanism of the Pseudoirreversible Binding of Amantadine to the M2 Proton Channel. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15345-15358. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Llabrés
- Department
of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and
Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Avgda. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Jordi Juárez-Jiménez
- Department
of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and
Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Avgda. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Matteo Masetti
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotecnology (FaBit), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosana Leiva
- Laboratori
de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC),
Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació,
and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan
XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori
de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC),
Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació,
and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan
XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabrina Gazzarrini
- Department
of Biosciences and National Research Council (CNR) Biophysics Institute
(IBF), University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Moroni
- Department
of Biosciences and National Research Council (CNR) Biophysics Institute
(IBF), University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotecnology (FaBit), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova,Italy
| | - F. Javier Luque
- Department
of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and
Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Avgda. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
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19
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Li F, Ma C, Hu Y, Wang Y, Wang J. Discovery of Potent Antivirals against Amantadine-Resistant Influenza A Viruses by Targeting the M2-S31N Proton Channel. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:726-733. [PMID: 27657178 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the existence of flu vaccines and small-molecule antiviral drugs, influenza virus infection remains a public health concern that warrants immediate attention. As resistance to the only orally bioavailable drug, oseltamivir, has been continuously reported, there is a clear need to develop the next-generation of anti-influenza drugs. We chose the influenza A virus M2-S31N mutant proton channel as the drug target to address this need as it is one of the most conserved viral proteins and persist in >95% of currently circulating influenza A viruses. In this study, we report the development of a late-stage diversification strategy for the expeditious synthesis of M2-S31N inhibitors. The channel blockage and antiviral activity of the synthesized compounds were tested in two-electrode voltage clamp assays and antiviral assays, respectively. Several M2-S31N inhibitors were identified to have potent M2-S31N channel blockage and micromolar antiviral efficacy against several M2-S31N-containing influenza A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, and BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Chunlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, and BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, and BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, and BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, and BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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20
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Kwon B, Hong M. The Influenza M2 Ectodomain Regulates the Conformational Equilibria of the Transmembrane Proton Channel: Insights from Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5387-97. [PMID: 27571210 PMCID: PMC5257201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The influenza M2 protein is the target of the amantadine family of antiviral drugs, and its transmembrane (TM) domain structure and dynamics have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the structure of the highly conserved N-terminal ectodomain, which contains epitopes targeted by influenza vaccines. In this study, we synthesized an M2 construct containing the N-terminal ectodomain and the TM domain, to understand the site-specific conformation and dynamics of the ectodomain and to investigate the effect of the ectodomain on the TM structure. We incorporated (13)C- and (15)N-labeled residues into both domains and measured their chemical shifts and line widths using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. The data indicate that the entire ectodomain is unstructured and dynamic, but the motion is slower for residues closer to the TM domain. (13)C line shapes indicate that this ecto-TM construct undergoes fast uniaxial rotational diffusion, like the isolated TM peptide, but drug binding increases the motional rates of the TM helix while slowing the local motion of the ectodomain residues that are close to the TM domain. Moreover, (13)C and (15)N chemical shifts indicate that the ectodomain shifts the conformational equilibria of the TM residues toward the drug-bound state even in the absence of amantadine, thus providing a molecular structural basis for the lower inhibitory concentration of full-length M2 compared to that of the ectodomain-truncated M2. We propose that this conformational selection may result from electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged ectodomain residues in the tetrameric protein. Together with the recent study of the M2 cytoplasmic domain, these results show that intrinsically disordered extramembrane domains in membrane proteins can regulate the functionally relevant conformation and dynamics of the structurally ordered TM domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungsu Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 United States
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 United States
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21
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Wang J, Li F, Ma C. Recent progress in designing inhibitors that target the drug-resistant M2 proton channels from the influenza A viruses. Biopolymers 2016; 104:291-309. [PMID: 25663018 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are the causative agents for seasonal influenza, which results in thousands of deaths and millions of hospitalizations each year. Moreover, sporadic transmission of avian or swan influenza viruses to humans often leads to an influenza pandemic, as there is no preimmunity in the human body to fight against such novel strains. The metastable genome of the influenza viruses, coupled with the reassortment of different strains from a wide range of host origins, leads to the continuous evolution of the influenza virus diversity. Such characteristics of influenza viruses present a grand challenge in devising therapeutic strategies to combat influenza virus infection. This review summarizes recent progress in designing small molecule inhibitors that target the drug-resistant influenza A virus M2 proton channels and highlights the contribution of mechanistic studies of proton conductance to drug discovery. The lessons learned throughout the course of M2 drug discovery might provide insights for designing inhibitors that target other therapeutically important ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721
| | - Chunlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721
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22
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Arns S, Balgi AD, Shimizu Y, Pfeifer TA, Kumar N, Shidmoossavee FS, Sun S, Tai SSH, Agafitei O, Jaquith JB, Bourque E, Niikura M, Roberge M. Novel spirothiazamenthane inhibitors of the influenza A M2 proton channel. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 120:64-73. [PMID: 27187859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of treatments for influenza that inhibit the M2 proton channel without being susceptible to the widespread resistance mechanisms associated with the adamantanes is an ongoing challenge. Using a yeast high-throughput yeast growth restoration assay designed to identify M2 channel inhibitors, a single screening hit was uncovered. This compound (3), whose structure was incorrectly identified in the literature, is an inhibitor with similar potency to amantadine against WT M2. A library of derivatives of 3 was prepared and activity against WT M2 and the two principal mutant strains (V27A and S31N) was assessed in the yeast assay. The best compounds were further evaluated in an antiviral plaque reduction assay using engineered WT, V27A and S31N M2 influenza A strains with otherwise identical genetic background. Compound 63 was found to inhibit all three virus strains in this cell based antiviral assay at micromolar concentrations, possibly through a mechanism other than M2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Arns
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aruna D Balgi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yoko Shimizu
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tom A Pfeifer
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nag Kumar
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Sharon Sun
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheldon S-H Tai
- Faculty of Heath Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Olga Agafitei
- Faculty of Heath Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - James B Jaquith
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elyse Bourque
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Masahiro Niikura
- Faculty of Heath Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michel Roberge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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23
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Li F, Ma C, DeGrado WF, Wang J. Discovery of Highly Potent Inhibitors Targeting the Predominant Drug-Resistant S31N Mutant of the Influenza A Virus M2 Proton Channel. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1207-16. [PMID: 26771709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 and H5N1 strains, there is a pressing need to develop direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to combat such deadly viruses. The M2-S31N proton channel of the influenza A virus (A/M2) is one of the validated and most conserved proteins encoded by the current circulating influenza A viruses; thus, it represents a high-profile drug target for therapeutic intervention. We recently discovered a series of S31N inhibitors with the general structure of adamantyl-1-NH2(+)CH2-aryl, but they generally had poor physical properties and some showed toxicity in vitro. In this study, we sought to optimize both the adamantyl as well as the aryl/heteroaryl group. Several compounds from this study exhibited submicromolar EC50 values against S31N-containing A/WSN/33 influenza viruses in antiviral plaque reduction assays with a selectivity index greater than 100, indicating that these compounds are promising candidates for in-depth preclinical pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Chunlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - William F DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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24
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Abstract
Since the discovery that certain small viral membrane proteins, collectively termed as viroporins, can permeabilize host cellular membranes and also behave as ion channels, attempts have been made to link this feature to specific biological roles. In parallel, most viroporins identified so far are virulence factors, and interest has focused toward the discovery of channel inhibitors that would have a therapeutic effect, or be used as research tools to understand the biological roles of viroporin ion channel activity. However, this paradigm is being shifted by the difficulties inherent to small viral membrane proteins, and by the realization that protein-protein interactions and other diverse roles in the virus life cycle may represent an equal, if not, more important target. Therefore, although targeting the channel activity of viroporins can probably be therapeutically useful in some cases, the focus may shift to their other functions in following years. Small-molecule inhibitors have been mostly developed against the influenza A M2 (IAV M2 or AM2). This is not surprising since AM2 is the best characterized viroporin to date, with a well-established biological role in viral pathogenesis combined the most extensive structural investigations conducted, and has emerged as a validated drug target. For other viroporins, these studies are still mostly in their infancy, and together with those for AM2, are the subject of the present review.
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25
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Wu S, Huang J, Gazzarrini S, He S, Chen L, Li J, Xing L, Li C, Chen L, Neochoritis CG, Liao GP, Zhou H, Dömling A, Moroni A, Wang W. Isocyanides as Influenza A Virus Subtype H5N1 Wild-Type M2 Channel Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1837-45. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis & Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430071 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology of China; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430071 P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis & Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430071 P.R. China
| | - Sabrina Gazzarrini
- Department of Biosciences; University of Milan and; Institute of Biophysics (IBF) Milan, National Research Council (CNR); Via Celoria 26 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Si He
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis & Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430071 P.R. China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis & Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430071 P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis & Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430071 P.R. China
| | - Li Xing
- Worldwide Research & Development; Pfizer Inc.; 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02421 USA
| | - Chufang Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine & Health; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong 510530 P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine & Health; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong 510530 P.R. China
| | - Constantinos G. Neochoritis
- Department of Drug Design; University of Groningen; Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - George P. Liao
- Department of Drug Design; University of Groningen; Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Haibing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis & Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430071 P.R. China
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design; University of Groningen; Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Anna Moroni
- Department of Biosciences; University of Milan and; Institute of Biophysics (IBF) Milan, National Research Council (CNR); Via Celoria 26 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis & Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430071 P.R. China
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26
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Acetic acid-promoted eco-friendly one-pot pseudo six-component synthesis of bis-spiro-substituted piperidines. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Scott C, Griffin S. Viroporins: structure, function and potential as antiviral targets. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2000-2027. [PMID: 26023149 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The channel-forming activity of a family of small, hydrophobic integral membrane proteins termed 'viroporins' is essential to the life cycles of an increasingly diverse range of RNA and DNA viruses, generating significant interest in targeting these proteins for antiviral development. Viroporins vary greatly in terms of their atomic structure and can perform multiple functions during the virus life cycle, including those distinct from their role as oligomeric membrane channels. Recent progress has seen an explosion in both the identification and understanding of many such proteins encoded by highly significant pathogens, yet the prototypic M2 proton channel of influenza A virus remains the only example of a viroporin with provenance as an antiviral drug target. This review attempts to summarize our current understanding of the channel-forming functions for key members of this growing family, including recent progress in structural studies and drug discovery research, as well as novel insights into the life cycles of many viruses revealed by a requirement for viroporin activity. Ultimately, given the successes of drugs targeting ion channels in other areas of medicine, unlocking the therapeutic potential of viroporins represents a valuable goal for many of the most significant viral challenges to human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Scott
- Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology and Leeds CRUK Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Stephen Griffin
- Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology and Leeds CRUK Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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28
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Gu R, Liu LA, Wei D. Drug inhibition and proton conduction mechanisms of the influenza a M2 proton channel. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 827:205-26. [PMID: 25387967 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9245-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The influenza A virus matrix protein 2 (M2 protein) is a pH-regulated proton channel embedded in the viral membrane. Inhibition of the M2 proton channel has been used to treat influenza infections for decades due to the crucial role of this protein in viral infection and replication. However, the widely-used M2 inhibitors, amantadine and rimantadine, have gradually lost their efficiencies because of naturally-occurring drug resistant mutations. Therefore, investigation of the structure and function of the M2 proton channel will not only increase our understanding of this important biological system, but also lead to the design of novel and effective anti-influenza drugs. Despite the simplicity of the M2 molecular structure, the M2 channel is highly flexible and there have been controversies and arguments regarding the channel inhibition mechanism and the proton conduction mechanism. In this book chapter, we will first carefully review the experimental and computational studies of the two possible drug binding sites on the M2 protein and explain the mechanisms regarding how inhibitors prevent proton conduction. Then, we will summarize our recent molecular dynamics simulations of the drug-resistant mutant channels and propose mechanisms for drug resistance. Finally, we will discuss two existing proton conduction mechanisms and talk about the remaining questions regarding the proton-relay process through the channel. The studies reviewed here demonstrate how molecular modeling and simulations have complemented experimental work and helped us understand the M2 channel structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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29
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Gianti E, Carnevale V, DeGrado WF, Klein ML, Fiorin G. Hydrogen-bonded water molecules in the M2 channel of the influenza A virus guide the binding preferences of ammonium-based inhibitors. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:1173-83. [PMID: 25353315 DOI: 10.1021/jp506807y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tetrameric M2 proton channel of influenza A virus is an integral membrane protein responsible for the acidification of the viral interior. Drugs such as amantadine target the transmembrane region of wild type M2 by acting as pore blockers. However, a number of mutations affecting this domain confer drug resistance, prompting the need for alternative inhibitors. The availability of high-resolution structures of drug-bound M2, paired with computational investigations, revealed that inhibitors can bind at different sites, and provided useful insights in understanding the principles governing proton conduction. Here, we investigated by computation the energetic and geometric factors determining the relative stability of pore blockers at individual sites of different M2 strains. We found that local free energy minima along the translocation pathway of positively charged chemical species correspond to experimentally determined binding sites of inhibitors. Then, by examining the structure of water clusters hydrating each site, as well as of those displaced by binding of hydrophobic scaffolds, we predicted the binding preferences of M2 ligands. This information can be used to guide the identification of novel classes of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gianti
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University , SERC Building, 1925 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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30
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Recent progress and challenges in the computer-aided design of inhibitors for influenza A M2 channel proteins. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-0964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Strategies for the Development of Influenza Drugs: Basis for New Efficient Combination Therapies. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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32
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Rösner HI, Kragelund BB. Structure and dynamic properties of membrane proteins using NMR. Compr Physiol 2013; 2:1491-539. [PMID: 23798308 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins are one of the most challenging groups of macromolecules despite their apparent conformational simplicity. They manage and drive transport, circulate information, and participate in cellular movements via interactions with other proteins and through intricate conformational changes. Their structural and functional decoding is challenging and has imposed demanding experimental development. Solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the techniques providing the capacity to make a significant difference in the deciphering of the membrane protein structure-function paradigm. The method has evolved dramatically during the last decade resulting in a plethora of new experiments leading to a significant increase in the scientific repertoire for studying membrane proteins. Besides solving the three-dimensional structures using state-of-the-art approaches, a large variety of developments of well-established techniques are available providing insight into membrane protein flexibility, dynamics, and interactions. Inspired by the speed of development in the application of new strategies, by invention of methods to measure solvent accessibility and describe low-populated states, this review seeks to introduce the vast possibilities solution NMR can offer to the study of membrane protein structure-function analyses with special focus on applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike I Rösner
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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33
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Gu RX, Liu LA, Wei DQ. Structural and energetic analysis of drug inhibition of the influenza A M2 proton channel. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:571-80. [PMID: 24011996 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The type A influenza virus matrix protein 2 (M2) is a highly selective proton channel in the viral envelope. Because of its crucial role in viral infection and replication, the M2 channel has been a target of anti-influenza drugs. Due to the occurrence of drug-resistant mutations in the M2 channel, existing anti-influenza drugs that block the M2 channel, such as amantadine and rimantadine, have lost their efficacy against these mutant channels. Recent experimental and computational efforts have made great progress in understanding the drug resistance mechanisms of these mutations as well as designing novel drug candidates to block the mutant M2 channels. In this review, we briefly summarize the structural characteristics of the M2 channel, and then we discuss these recent studies on drug resistance and drug design of the mutant channels, focusing on the structures and energetics. We show that structural biology experiments and molecular modeling have led to the successful design of novel drugs targeting mutant M2 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Xu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Minhang District, 200240, China
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34
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Gu RX, Liu LA, Wang YH, Xu Q, Wei DQ. Structural Comparison of the Wild-Type and Drug-Resistant Mutants of the Influenza A M2 Proton Channel by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:6042-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312396q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Xu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Metabolism and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Minhang District,
200240, China
| | - Limin Angela Liu
- Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Research
Center, Seattle Washington 98109, United States
| | - Yong-Hua Wang
- College of Light Industry and
Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640,
China
| | - Qin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Metabolism and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Minhang District,
200240, China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Metabolism and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Minhang District,
200240, China
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35
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Wanka L, Iqbal K, Schreiner PR. The lipophilic bullet hits the targets: medicinal chemistry of adamantane derivatives. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3516-604. [PMID: 23432396 PMCID: PMC3650105 DOI: 10.1021/cr100264t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wanka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Fax +49(641)9934309
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314-6399, USA
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314-6399, USA
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Fax +49(641)9934309
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36
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Balgi AD, Wang J, Cheng DYH, Ma C, Pfeifer TA, Shimizu Y, Anderson HJ, Pinto LH, Lamb RA, DeGrado WF, Roberge M. Inhibitors of the influenza A virus M2 proton channel discovered using a high-throughput yeast growth restoration assay. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55271. [PMID: 23383318 PMCID: PMC3562233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The M2 proton channel of the influenza A virus is the target of the anti-influenza drugs amantadine and rimantadine. The effectiveness of these drugs has been dramatically limited by the rapid spread of drug resistant mutations, mainly at sites S31N, V27A and L26F in the pore of the channel. Despite progress in designing inhibitors of V27A and L26F M2, there are currently no drugs targeting these mutated channels in clinical trials. Progress in developing new drugs has been hampered by the lack of a robust assay with sufficient throughput for discovery of new active chemotypes among chemical libraries and sufficient sensitivity to provide the SAR data essential for their improvement and development as drugs. In this study we adapted a yeast growth restoration assay, in which expression of the M2 channel inhibits yeast growth and exposure to an M2 channel inhibitor restores growth, into a robust and sensitive high-throughput screen for M2 channel inhibitors. A screen of over 250,000 pure chemicals and semi-purified fractions from natural extracts identified 21 active compounds comprising amantadine, rimantadine, 13 related adamantanes and 6 non-adamantanes. Of the non-adamantanes, hexamethylene amiloride and a triazine derivative represented new M2 inhibitory chemotypes that also showed antiviral activity in a plaque reduction assay. Of particular interest is the fact that the triazine derivative was not sufficiently potent for detection as an inhibitor in the traditional two electrode voltage clamp assay for M2 channel activity, but its discovery in the yeast assay led to testing of analogues of which one was as potent as amantadine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna D. Balgi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daphne Y. H. Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chunlong Ma
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tom A. Pfeifer
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yoko Shimizu
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hilary J. Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lawrence H. Pinto
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Lamb
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michel Roberge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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37
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Hong M, DeGrado WF. Structural basis for proton conduction and inhibition by the influenza M2 protein. Protein Sci 2012; 21:1620-33. [PMID: 23001990 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The influenza M2 protein forms an acid-activated and drug-sensitive proton channel in the virus envelope that is important for the virus lifecycle. The functional properties and high-resolution structures of this proton channel have been extensively studied to understand the mechanisms of proton conduction and drug inhibition. We review biochemical and electrophysiological studies of M2 and discuss how high-resolution structures have transformed our understanding of this proton channel. Comparison of structures obtained in different membrane-mimetic solvents and under different pH using X-ray crystallography, solution NMR, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy revealed how the M2 structure depends on the environment and showed that the pharmacologically relevant drug-binding site lies in the transmembrane (TM) pore. Competing models of proton conduction have been evaluated using biochemical experiments, high-resolution structural methods, and computational modeling. These results are converging to a model in which a histidine residue in the TM domain mediates proton relay with water, aided by microsecond conformational dynamics of the imidazole ring. These mechanistic insights are guiding the design of new inhibitors that target drug-resistant M2 variants and may be relevant for other proton channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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38
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Lee SMY, Yen HL. Targeting the host or the virus: current and novel concepts for antiviral approaches against influenza virus infection. Antiviral Res 2012; 96:391-404. [PMID: 23022351 PMCID: PMC7132421 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza epidemics and pandemics are constant threats to human health. The application of antiviral drugs provides an immediate and direct control of influenza virus infection. At present, the major strategy for managing patients with influenza is through targeting conserved viral proteins critical for viral replication. Two classes of conventional antiviral drugs, the M2 ion channel blockers and the neuraminidase inhibitors, are frequently used. In recent years, increasing levels of resistance to both drug classes has become a major public health concern, highlighting the urgent need for the development of alternative treatments. Novel classes of antiviral compounds or biomolecules targeting viral replication mechanism are under development, using approaches including high-throughput small-molecule screening platforms and structure-based designs. In response to influenza virus infection, host cellular mechanisms are triggered to defend against the invaders. At the same time, viruses as obligate intracellular pathogens have evolved to exploit cellular responses in support of their efficient replication, including antagonizing the host type I interferon response as well as activation of specific cellular pathways at different stages of the replication cycle. Numerous studies have highlighted the possibility of targeting virus-host interactions and host cellular mechanisms to develop new treatment regimens. This review aims to give an overview of current and novel concepts targeting the virus and the host for managing influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suki Man-Yan Lee
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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39
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Parameswarappa SG, Pigge FC. Intramolecular Cyclization Manifolds of 4-Alkylpyridines Bearing Ambiphilic Side Chains: Construction of Spirodihydropyridines or Benzylic Cyclization via Anhydrobase Intermediates. J Org Chem 2012; 77:8038-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - F. Christopher Pigge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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40
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Zhao X, Jie Y, Rosenberg MR, Wan J, Zeng S, Cui W, Xiao Y, Li Z, Tu Z, Casarotto MG, Hu W. Design and synthesis of pinanamine derivatives as anti-influenza A M2 ion channel inhibitors. Antiviral Res 2012; 96:91-9. [PMID: 22982118 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The adamantanes are a class of anti-influenza drugs that inhibit the M2 ion channel of the influenza A virus. However recently, the clinical effectiveness of these drugs has been called into question due to the emergence of adamantane-insensitive A/M2 mutants. Although we previously reported (1R,2R,3R,5S)-3-pinanamine 3 as a novel inhibitor of the wild type influenza A virus M2 protein (WT A/M2), limited inhibition was found for adamantane-resistant M2 mutants. In this study, we explored whether newly synthesized pinanamine derivatives were capable of inhibiting WT A/M2 and selected adamantane-resistant M2 mutants. Several imidazole and guanazole derivatives of pinanamine were found to inhibit WT A/M2 to a comparable degree as amantadine and one of these compounds 12 exhibits weak inhibition of A/M2-S31N mutant and it is marginally more effective in inhibiting S31NM2 than amantadine. This study provides a new insight into the structural nature of drugs required to inhibit WT A/M2 and its mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, People's Republic of China
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41
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Ghadari R, Hajishaabanha F, Mahyari M, Shaabani A, Khavasi HR. An unexpected route toward the synthesis of spiro-benzo[b]acridine-furan derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Du J, Cross TA, Zhou HX. Recent progress in structure-based anti-influenza drug design. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:1111-20. [PMID: 22704956 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza have caused high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent emergence of influenza A H5N1 and H1N1 strains has heightened concern, especially as a result of their drug resistance. The life cycle of influenza viruses has been well studied and nearly all the viral proteins are becoming potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we present an overview of recent progress in structure-based anti-influenza drug design, paying close attention to the increasing role of computation and strategies for overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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43
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Fischer WB, Wang YT, Schindler C, Chen CP. Mechanism of function of viral channel proteins and implications for drug development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 294:259-321. [PMID: 22364876 PMCID: PMC7149447 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394305-7.00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viral channel-forming proteins comprise a class of viral proteins which, similar to their host companions, are made to alter electrochemical or substrate gradients across lipid membranes. These proteins are active during all stages of the cellular life cycle of viruses. An increasing number of proteins are identified as channel proteins, but the precise role in the viral life cycle is yet unknown for the majority of them. This review presents an overview about these proteins with an emphasis on those with available structural information. A concept is introduced which aligns the transmembrane domains of viral channel proteins with those of host channels and toxins to give insights into the mechanism of function of the viral proteins from potential sequence identities. A summary of to date investigations on drugs targeting these proteins is given and discussed in respect of their mode of action in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang B. Fischer
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Christina Schindler
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pei Chen
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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44
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Abstract
We review the current state of membrane protein structure determination using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Multidimensional magic-angle-spinning correlation NMR combined with oriented-sample experiments has made it possible to measure a full panel of structural constraints of membrane proteins directly in lipid bilayers. These constraints include torsion angles, interatomic distances, oligomeric structure, protein dynamics, ligand structure and dynamics, and protein orientation and depth of insertion in the lipid bilayer. Using solid-state NMR, researchers have studied potassium channels, proton channels, Ca(2+) pumps, G protein-coupled receptors, bacterial outer membrane proteins, and viral fusion proteins to elucidate their mechanisms of action. Many of these membrane proteins have also been investigated in detergent micelles using solution NMR. Comparison of the solid-state and solution NMR structures provides important insights into the effects of the solubilizing environment on membrane protein structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, USA.
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45
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Grigoryan G, Moore DT, DeGrado WF. Transmembrane communication: general principles and lessons from the structure and function of the M2 proton channel, K⁺ channels, and integrin receptors. Annu Rev Biochem 2011; 80:211-37. [PMID: 21548783 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-091008-152423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction across biological membranes is central to life. This process generally happens through communication between different domains and hierarchical coupling of information. Here, we review structural and thermodynamic principles behind transmembrane (TM) signal transduction and discuss common themes. Communication between signaling domains can be understood in terms of thermodynamic and kinetic principles, and complex signaling patterns can arise from simple wiring of thermodynamically coupled domains. We relate this to functions of several signal transduction systems: the M2 proton channel from influenza A virus, potassium channels, integrin receptors, and bacterial kinases. We also discuss key features in the structural rearrangements responsible for signal transduction in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevorg Grigoryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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46
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Wang J, Ma C, Wu Y, Lamb RA, Pinto LH, DeGrado WF. Exploring organosilane amines as potent inhibitors and structural probes of influenza a virus M2 proton channel. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13844-7. [PMID: 21819109 DOI: 10.1021/ja2050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the use of organosilanes as inhibitors and structural probes of a membrane protein, the M2 proton channel from influenza A virus. Organosilane amine inhibitors were found to be generally as potent as their carbon analogues in targeting WT A/M2 and more potent against the drug-resistant A/M2-V27A mutant. In addition, intermolecular NOESY spectra with dimethyl-substituted organosilane amine inhibitors clearly located the drug binding site at the N-terminal lumen of the A/M2 channel close to V27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104-6059, United States
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47
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Parameswarappa SG, Pigge F. Synthesis of substituted 3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecanes via spirocyclization of pyridine substrates. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Wang J, Ma C, Fiorin G, Carnevale V, Wang T, Hu F, Lamb RA, Pinto LH, Hong M, Klein ML, DeGrado WF. Molecular dynamics simulation directed rational design of inhibitors targeting drug-resistant mutants of influenza A virus M2. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12834-41. [PMID: 21744829 DOI: 10.1021/ja204969m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus M2 (A/M2) forms a homotetrameric proton selective channel in the viral membrane. It has been the drug target of antiviral drugs such as amantadine and rimantadine. However, most of the current virulent influenza A viruses carry drug-resistant mutations alongside the drug binding site, such as S31N, V27A, and L26F, etc., each of which might be dominant in a given flu season. Among these mutations, the V27A mutation was prevalent among transmissible viruses under drug selection pressure. Until now, V27A has not been successfully targeted by small molecule inhibitors, despite years of extensive medicinal chemistry research efforts and high throughput screening. Guided by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of drug binding and the influence of drug binding on the dynamics of A/M2 from earlier experimental studies, we designed a series of potent spirane amine inhibitors targeting not only WT, but also both A/M2-27A and L26F mutants with IC(50)s similar to that seen for amantadine's inhibition of the WT channel. The potencies of these inhibitors were further demonstrated in experimental binding and plaque reduction assays. These results demonstrate the power of MD simulations to probe the mechanism of drug binding as well as the ability to guide design of inhibitors of targets that had previously appeared to be undruggable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, United States
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49
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Duque MD, Ma C, Torres E, Wang J, Naesens L, Juárez-Jiménez J, Camps P, Luque FJ, DeGrado WF, Lamb RA, Pinto LH, Vázquez S. Exploring the size limit of templates for inhibitors of the M2 ion channel of influenza A virus. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2646-57. [PMID: 21466220 PMCID: PMC3174104 DOI: 10.1021/jm101334y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amantadine inhibits the M2 proton channel of influenza A virus, yet its clinical use has been limited by the rapid emergence of amantadine-resistant virus strains. We have synthesized and characterized a series of polycyclic compounds designed as ring-contracted or ring-expanded analogues of amantadine. Inhibition of the wild-type (wt) M2 channel and the A/M2-S31N and A/M2-V27A mutant ion channels were measured in Xenopus oocytes using two-electrode voltage clamp (TEV) assays. Several bisnoradamantane and noradamantane derivatives inhibited the wt ion channel. The compounds bind to a primary site delineated by Val27, Ala30, and Ser31, though ring expansion restricts the positioning in the binding site. Only the smallest analogue 8 was found to inhibit the S31N mutant ion channel. The structure-activity relationship obtained by TEV assay was confirmed by plaque reduction assays with A/H3N2 influenza virus carrying wt M2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D. Duque
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Chunlong Ma
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500
| | - Eva Torres
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jordi Juárez-Jiménez
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pelayo Camps
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - F. Javier Luque
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059
| | - Robert A. Lamb
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500
| | - Lawrence H. Pinto
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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50
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Wang J, Ma C, Balannik V, Pinto LH, Lamb RA, DeGrado WF. Exploring the Requirements for the Hydrophobic Scaffold and Polar Amine in inhibitors of M2 from Influenza A Virus. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:307-312. [PMID: 21691418 DOI: 10.1021/ml100297w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors targeting the influenza A virus M2 (A/M2) proton channel, have lost their effectiveness due to widespread resistance. As a first step in the development of new inhibitors that address this problem, we have screened several focused collections of small molecules using two electrode voltage patch clamp assays (TEVC) on Xenopus laevis Oocyte. Diverse head groups and scaffolds of A/M2 inhibitors have been explored. It has been found that not only amine, but also hydroxyl, aminooxyl, guanidine and amidine compounds are active against the A/M2 proton channel. Moreover, the channel is able to accommodate a wide range of structural variation in the apolar scaffold. This study offers information to guide the next generation of A/M2 proton channel inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, ∥Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, and ⊥Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500, United States
| | - Chunlong Ma
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, ∥Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, and ⊥Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500, United States
| | - Victoria Balannik
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, ∥Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, and ⊥Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500, United States
| | - Lawrence H. Pinto
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, ∥Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, and ⊥Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500, United States
| | - Robert A. Lamb
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, ∥Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, and ⊥Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500, United States
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, ∥Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, and ⊥Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500, United States
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