1
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González JA, Arribas A, Tian P, Díaz-Alonso S, Mascareñas JL, López F, Nevado C. Gold(III) Auracycles Featuring C(sp 3)-Au-C(sp 2) Bonds: Synthesis and Mechanistic Insights into the Cycloauration Step. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402798. [PMID: 38776235 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The direct auration of arenes is a key step in numerous gold-catalyzed reactions. Although reported more than 100 years ago, understanding of its underlying mechanism has been hampered by the difficulties in the isolation of relevant intermediates given the propensity of gold(III) species to undergo reductive elimination. Here, we report the synthesis and isolation of a new family of intriguing zwitterionic [C(sp3)^C(sp2)]-auracyclopentanes, as well as of their alkyl-gold(III) precursors and demonstrate their value as mechanistic probes to study the C(sp2)-Au bond-forming event. Experimental investigations employing Kinetic Isotope Effects (KIE), Hammett plot, and Eyring analysis provided important insights into the formation of the auracycle. The data suggest a SEAr mechanism wherein the slowest step might be the π-coordination between the arene and the gold(III) center, en route to the Wheland intermediate. We also show that these auracyclopentanes can work as catalysts in several gold-promoted transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A González
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrés Arribas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Puyang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Díaz-Alonso
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Luis Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 36680, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Cheng YH, Ho YS, Yang CJ, Chen CY, Hsieh CT, Cheng MJ. Electron Dynamics in Alkane C-H Activation Mediated by Transition Metal Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4638-4650. [PMID: 38832757 PMCID: PMC11182348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Alkanes, ideal raw materials for industrial chemical production, typically exhibit limited reactivity due to their robust and weakly polarized C-H bonds. The challenge lies in selectively activating these C-H bonds under mild conditions. To address this challenge, various C-H activation mechanisms have been developed. Yet, classifying these mechanisms depends on the overall stoichiometry, which can be ambiguous and sometimes problematic. In this study, we utilized density functional theory calculations combined with intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) analysis to examine electron flow in the four primary alkane C-H activation mechanisms: oxidative addition, σ-bond metathesis, 1,2-addition, and electrophilic activation. Methane was selected as the representative alkane molecule to undergo C-H heterolytic cleavage in these reactions. Across all mechanisms studied, we find that the CH3 moiety in methane consistently uses an electron pair from the cleaved C-H bond to form a σ-bond with the metal. Yet, the electron pair that accepts the proton differs with each mechanism: in oxidative addition, it is derived from the d-orbitals; in σ-bond metathesis, it resulted from the metal-ligand σ-bonds; in 1,2-addition, it arose from the π-orbital of the metal-ligand multiple bonds; and in electrophilic activation, it came from the lone pairs on ligands. This detailed analysis not only provides a clear visual understanding of these reactions but also showcases the ability of the IBO method to differentiate between mechanisms. The electron flow discerned from IBO analysis is further corroborated by results from absolutely localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis, which also helps to quantify the two predominant interactions in each process. Our findings offer profound insights into the electron dynamics at play in alkane C-H activation, enhancing our understanding of these critical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chia-Jung Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tien Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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3
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Fu Y, Zerull EE, Schomaker JM, Liu P. Origins of Catalyst-Controlled Selectivity in Ag-Catalyzed Regiodivergent C-H Amination. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2735-2746. [PMID: 35130697 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ag-catalyzed nitrene transfer (NT) converts C-H bonds into valuable C-N bonds. These reactions offer a promising strategy for catalyst-controlled regiodivergent functionalization of different types of reactive C-H bonds, as the regioselectivity is tunable by varying the steric and electronic environments around the Ag nitrene, as well as the identity of the nitrene precursors and the tether length. Therefore, a unified understanding of how these individual factors affect the regioselectivity is key to the rational design of highly selective and regiodivergent C-H amination reactions. Herein, we report a computational study of various Ag-catalyzed NT reactions that indicates a concerted H-atom transfer (HAT)/C-N bond formation mechanism. A detailed analysis was carried out on the effects of the C-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), charge transfer, ligand-substrate steric repulsions, and transition state ring strain on the stability of the C-H insertion transition states with different Ag nitrene complexes. The ancillary ligands on the Ag and the nitrene precursor identity both affect transition state geometries to furnish differing sensitivities to the BDE, tether length, and electronic effects of the reactive C-H bonds. Based on our understanding of the dominant factors that control selectivity, we established a rational catalyst and precursor selection approach for regiodivergent amination of diverse C-H bonds. The computationally predicted regiodivergent amination of β- and γ-C-H bonds of aliphatic alcohol derivatives was validated by experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Emily E Zerull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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4
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Saadat K, Villar López R, Shiri A, Nieto Faza O, Silva López C. The effect of solvation in torquoselectivity: ring opening of monosubstituted cyclobutenes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6287-6296. [PMID: 32734984 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01229g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The paradigmatic electrocyclic ring opening of monosubstituted cyclobutenes has been used to diagnose possible solvation effects tuning the torquoselectivity observed in these reactions. This kind of selectivity in electrocyclic reactions is mostly due to strong orbital interactions, particularly when they involve powerful electron donors and acceptors, which also combine with usually milder steric effects. Orbital interactions are established between the cleaving C-C bond and the HOMO/LUMO of the EDG/EWG substituent. This implies that the larger torquoselectivity-featuring substrates may also suffer stronger solvation effects due to the higher polarity imposed by the substituent. This premise is tested and the source of solvation effects as a consequence of substitution analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Saadat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436, Azadi Int., Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roberto Villar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende and CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, 32004-Ourense, Spain.
| | - Ali Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436, Azadi Int., Mashhad, Iran
| | - Olalla Nieto Faza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende and CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, 32004-Ourense, Spain.
| | - Carlos Silva López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende and CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, 32004-Ourense, Spain.
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5
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Cheng LC, Chen WC, Santhoshkumar R, Chao TH, Cheng MJ, Cheng CH. Synthesis of Quinolinium Salts from N
-Substituted Anilines, Aldehydes, Alkynes, and Acids: Theoretical Understanding of the Mechanism and Regioselectivity. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chieh Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; 30013 Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; 30013 Hsinchu Taiwan
| | | | - Tzu-Hsuan Chao
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; 70101 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; 70101 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; 30013 Hsinchu Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry; National Sun Yat-sen University; 80424 Kaohsiung Taiwan
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6
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Carrow BP, Sampson J, Wang L. Base-Assisted C-H Bond Cleavage in Cross-Coupling: Recent Insights into Mechanism, Speciation, and Cooperativity. Isr J Chem 2020; 60:230-258. [PMID: 32669731 PMCID: PMC7363398 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzes recent mechanistic studies that have provided new insights into how the structure of a metal complex influences the rate and selectivity of base-assisted C-H cleavage. Partitioning a broader mechanistic continuum into classes delimited by the polarization between catalyst and substrate during C-H cleavage is postulated as a method to identify catalysts favoring electrophilic or nucleophilic reactivity patterns, which may be predictive based on structural features of the metal complex (i.e., oxidation state, d-electron count, charge). Multi-metallic cooperativity and polynuclear speciation also provide new avenues to affect energy barriers for C-H cleavage and site selectivity beyond the limitations of single metal catalysts. An improved understanding of mechanistic nuances and structure-activity relationships on this important bond activation step carries important implications for efficiency and controllable site selectivity in non-directed C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad P Carrow
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jessica Sampson
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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7
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Wang L, Carrow BP. Oligothiophene Synthesis by a General C-H Activation Mechanism: Electrophilic Concerted Metalation-Deprotonation ( eCMD). ACS Catal 2019; 9:6821-6836. [PMID: 32704402 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative C-H/C-H coupling is a promising synthetic route for the streamlined construction of conjugated organic materials for optoelectronic applications. Broader adoption of these methods is nevertheless hindered by the need for catalysts that excel in forging core semiconductor motifs, such as ubiquitous oligothiophenes, with high efficiency in the absence of metal reagents. We report a (thioether)Pd-catalyzed oxidative coupling method for the rapid assembly of both privileged oligothiophenes and challenging hindered cases, even at low catalyst loading under Ag- and Cu-free conditions. A combined experimental and computational mechanistic study was undertaken to understand how a simple thioether ligand, MeS(CH2)3SO3Na, leads to such potent reactivity toward electron-rich substrates. The consensus from these data is that a concerted, base-assisted C-H cleavage transition state is operative, but thioether coordination to Pd is associated with decreased synchronicity (bond formation exceeding bond breaking) versus the "standard" concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) model that was formalized by Fagnou in direct arylation reaction. Enhanced positive charge build-up on the substrate results from this perturbation, which rationalizes experimental trends strongly favoring π-basic sites. The term electrophilic CMD (eCMD) is introduced to distinguish this mechanism from the standard model, even though both mechanisms locate in a broad concerted continuum. More O'Ferrall-Jencks analysis further suggests eCMD should be a general mechanism manifested by many metal complexes. A preliminary classification of complexes into those favoring eCMD or standard CMD is proposed, which should be informative for studies toward tunable catalyst-controlled reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brad P. Carrow
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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8
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Ito JI, Ishihara T, Fukuoka T, Binti Mat Napi SR, Kameo H, Nishiyama H. Modulation of the coordination geometries of NCN and NCNC Rh complexes for ambidextrous chiral catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12765-12768. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06520b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chirality switch between novel NCN pincer Rh complexes and a related double cyclometalated NCNC Rh complex containing secondary amino groups is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Ito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Takaki Fukuoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | | | - Hajime Kameo
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Osaka 599-8531
- Japan
| | - Hisao Nishiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
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9
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Hirano M, Sano K, Kanazawa Y, Komine N, Maeno Z, Mitsudome T, Takaya H. Mechanistic Insights on Pd/Cu-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of Dimethyl Phthalate. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yuki Kanazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Komine
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Zen Maeno
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takato Mitsudome
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- Institute of Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokashou, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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10
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Davies DL, Macgregor SA, McMullin CL. Computational Studies of Carboxylate-Assisted C-H Activation and Functionalization at Group 8-10 Transition Metal Centers. Chem Rev 2017; 117:8649-8709. [PMID: 28530807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies on carboxylate-assisted C-H activation and functionalization at group 8-10 transition metal centers are reviewed. This Review is organized by metal and will cover work published from late 2009 until mid-2016. A brief overview of computational work prior to 2010 is also provided, and this outlines the understanding of carboxylate-assisted C-H activation in terms of the "ambiphilic metal-ligand assistance" (AMLA) and "concerted metalation deprotonation" (CMD) concepts. Computational studies are then surveyed in terms of the nature of the C-H bond being activated (C(sp2)-H or C(sp3)-H), the nature of the process involved (intramolecular with a directing group or intermolecular), and the context (stoichiometric C-H activation or within a variety of catalytic processes). This Review aims to emphasize the connection between computation and experiment and to highlight the contribution of computational chemistry to our understanding of catalytic C-H functionalization based on carboxylate-assisted C-H activation. Some opportunities where the interplay between computation and experiment may contribute further to the areas of catalytic C-H functionalization and applied computational chemistry are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester , Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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11
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Chang K, Chen JG, Lu Q, Cheng MJ. Quantum Mechanical Study of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adsorption on Au Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2674-2682. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Chang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingguang G. Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Qi Lu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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12
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Zhang L, Zhang XB, Zhang DD, He SG. Theoretical prediction of the synthesis of 2,3-dihydropyridines through Ir( iii)-catalysed reaction of unsaturated oximes with alkenes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ir(iii)-catalysed reaction of unsaturated oximes with alkenes was predicted, and the results indicate a more efficient synthesis of 2,3-dihydropyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan 232001
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Biao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan 232001
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan 232001
- People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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13
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Li J, Zhou S, Schlangen M, Weiske T, Schwarz H. Hidden Hydride Transfer as a Decisive Mechanistic Step in the Reactions of the Unligated Gold Carbide [AuC]+
with Methane under Ambient Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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14
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Li J, Zhou S, Schlangen M, Weiske T, Schwarz H. Hidden Hydride Transfer as a Decisive Mechanistic Step in the Reactions of the Unligated Gold Carbide [AuC]+
with Methane under Ambient Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13072-13075. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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15
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Cundari TR. Methane Manifesto: A Theorist’s Perspective on Catalytic Light Alkane Functionalization. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2016.1242487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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16
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Frasco DA, Mukherjee S, Sommer RD, Perry CM, Lambic NS, Abboud KA, Jakubikova E, Ison EA. Nondirected C–H Activation of Arenes with Cp*Ir(III) Acetate Complexes: An Experimental and Computational Study. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Frasco
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University and Eastman Chemical Company Center of Excellence, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Sriparna Mukherjee
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University and Eastman Chemical Company Center of Excellence, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Roger D. Sommer
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University and Eastman Chemical Company Center of Excellence, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Cody M. Perry
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University and Eastman Chemical Company Center of Excellence, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Nikola S. Lambic
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University and Eastman Chemical Company Center of Excellence, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Center
for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University and Eastman Chemical Company Center of Excellence, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Elon A. Ison
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University and Eastman Chemical Company Center of Excellence, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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17
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Park Y, Ahn S, Kang D, Baik MH. Mechanism of Rh-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclizations: Closed versus Open Shell Pathways. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1263-70. [PMID: 27187270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A conceptual theory for analyzing and understanding oxidative addition reactions that form the cornerstone of many transition metal mediated catalytic cycles that activate C-C and C-H bonds, for example, was developed. The cleavage of the σ- or π-bond in the organic substrate can be envisioned to follow a closed or an open shell formalism, which is matched by a corresponding electronic structure at the metal center of the catalyst. Whereas the assignment of one or the other mechanistic scenario appears formal and equivalent at first sight, they should be recognized as different classes of reactions, because they lead to different reaction optimization and control strategies. The closed-shell mechanism involves heterolytic bond cleavages, which give rise to highly localized charges to form at the transition state. In the open-shell pathway, bonds are broken homolytically avoiding localized charges to accumulate on molecular fragments at the transition states. As a result, functional groups with inductive effects may exert a substantial influence on the energies of the intermediate and transition states, whereas no such effect is expected if the mechanism proceeds through the open-shell mechanism. If these functional groups are placed in a way that opens an electronic communication pathway to the molecular sites where charges accumulate, for example, using hyperconjugation, electron donating groups may stabilize a positive charge at that site. An instructive example is discussed, where this stereoelectronic effect allowed for rendering the oxidative addition diastereoselective. No such control is possible, however, when the open-shell reaction pathway is followed, because the inductive effects of functional groups have little to no effect on the stabilities of radical-like substrate states that are encountered when the bonds are broken in a homolytic fashion. Whether the closed-shell or open-shell mechanism for oxidative addition is followed is determined by the ordering of the d-orbital dominated frontier orbitals. If the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is oriented in space in such a way that will give the organic substrate easy access to the valence electron pair, the closed-shell mechanism can be followed. If the shape and orientation of the HOMO is not appropriate, however, an alternative pathway involving singlet excited states of the metal that will invoke the matching radicaloid cleavage of the organic substrate will dominate the oxidative addition. This novel paradigm for formally analyzing and understanding oxidative additions provides a new way of systematically understanding and planning catalytic reactions, as demonstrated by the in silico design of room-temperature Pauson-Khand reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsu Park
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon
Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seihwan Ahn
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon
Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Kang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon
Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon
Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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18
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Olivos-Suarez AI, Szécsényi À, Hensen EJM, Ruiz-Martinez J, Pidko EA, Gascon J. Strategies for the Direct Catalytic Valorization of Methane Using Heterogeneous Catalysis: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma I. Olivos-Suarez
- Catalysis
Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Àgnes Szécsényi
- Catalysis
Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry group, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry group, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martinez
- AkzoNobel - Supply Chain, Research & Development, Process Technology SRG, 7418 AJ Deventer, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry group, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Gascon
- Catalysis
Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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19
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Bellows SM, Cundari TR, Jones WD. Methane Is the Best Substrate for C(sp3)–H Activation with Cp*(PMe3)Co(Me)(OTf): A Density Functional Theory Study. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarina M. Bellows
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Center for Enabling
New Technologies through Catalysis (CENTC), Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department
of Chemistry and CASCaM, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
- Center for Enabling
New Technologies through Catalysis (CENTC), Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
| | - William D. Jones
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Center for Enabling
New Technologies through Catalysis (CENTC), Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700
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20
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Gunsalus NJ, Konnick MM, Hashiguchi BG, Periana RA. Discrete Molecular Catalysts for Methane Functionalization. Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Roselló-Merino M, Rivada-Wheelaghan O, Ortuño MA, Vidossich P, Dı́ez J, Lledós A, Conejero S. Coordinatively Unsaturated T-Shaped Platinum(II) Complexes Stabilized by Small N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Synthesis and Cyclometalation. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500416n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Roselló-Merino
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Quı́micas
(IIQ), Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Orestes Rivada-Wheelaghan
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Quı́micas
(IIQ), Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Ortuño
- Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Josefina Dı́ez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica
e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería
8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustı́ Lledós
- Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Salvador Conejero
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Quı́micas
(IIQ), Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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22
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Cannon J, Zou L, Liu P, Lan Y, O’Leary DJ, Houk KN, Grubbs RH. Carboxylate-assisted C(sp³)-H activation in olefin metathesis-relevant ruthenium complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6733-43. [PMID: 24731019 PMCID: PMC4017616 DOI: 10.1021/ja5021958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of C-H activation at metathesis-relevant ruthenium(II) benzylidene complexes was studied both experimentally and computationally. Synthesis of a ruthenium dicarboxylate at a low temperature allowed for direct observation of the C-H activation step, independent of the initial anionic ligand-exchange reactions. A first-order reaction supports an intramolecular concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism with ΔG(‡)(298K) = 22.2 ± 0.1 kcal·mol(-1) for the parent N-adamantyl-N'-mesityl complex. An experimentally determined ΔS(‡) = -5.2 ± 2.6 eu supports a highly ordered transition state for carboxylate-assisted C(sp(3))-H activation. Experimental results, including measurement of a large primary kinetic isotope effect (k(H)/k(D) = 8.1 ± 1.7), agree closely with a computed six-membered carboxylate-assisted C-H activation mechanism where the deprotonating carboxylate adopts a pseudo-apical geometry, displacing the aryl ether chelate. The rate of cyclometalation was found to be influenced by both the electronics of the assisting carboxylate and the ruthenium ligand environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey
S. Cannon
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lufeng Zou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Yu Lan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Daniel J. O’Leary
- Department
of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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23
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Ball LT, Lloyd-Jones GC, Russell CA. Gold-catalyzed oxidative coupling of arylsilanes and arenes: origin of selectivity and improved precatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:254-64. [PMID: 24367895 DOI: 10.1021/ja408712e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of gold-catalyzed coupling of arenes with aryltrimethylsilanes has been investigated, employing an improved precatalyst (thtAuBr3) to facilitate kinetic analysis. In combination with linear free-energy relationships, kinetic isotope effects, and stoichiometric experiments, the data support a mechanism involving an Au(I)/Au(III) redox cycle in which sequential electrophilic aromatic substitution of the arylsilane and the arene by Au(III) precedes product-forming reductive elimination and subsequent cycle-closing reoxidation of the metal. Despite the fundamental mechanistic similarities between the two auration events, high selectivity is observed for heterocoupling (C-Si then C-H auration) over homocoupling of either the arylsilane or the arene (C-Si then C-Si, or C-H then C-H auration); this chemoselectivity originates from differences in the product-determining elementary steps of each electrophilic substitution. The turnover-limiting step of the reaction involves associative substitution en route to an arene π-complex. The ramifications of this insight for implementation of the methodology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam T Ball
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
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24
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Choi G, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Hemilabile N-xylyl-N'-methylperimidine carbene iridium complexes as catalysts for C-H activation and dehydrogenative silylation: dual role of N-xylyl moiety for ortho-C-H bond activation and reductive bond cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13149-61. [PMID: 23914836 DOI: 10.1021/ja406519u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Direct dehydrogenative silylation of pyridyl and iminyl substrates with triethylsilane was achieved using (L)Ir(cod)(X) (1) (L = a perimidine-based carbene ligand, X = OAc and OCOPh) complexes as catalysts under toluene refluxing conditions in the presence of norbornene as a hydrogen scavenger, and the silylated products were obtained in good yields. The isolated bis(cyclometalated)iridium complexes, (C(∧)C:)(C(∧)N)IrOAc (2) (C(∧)C: = a cyclometalated perimidine-carbene ligand and C(∧)N = a cyclometalated pyridyl- and iminyl-ligated aromatic substrate), were key intermediates, where cyclometalated five-membered metallacycles of substrates such as phenylpyridine were selectively formed before yielding mono-ortho-silylation products. The bis(cyclometalated)iridium complex ((Xy)C(∧)C:)(C(∧)N)IrOAc (2d) ((Xy)C(∧)C: = a cyclometalated N-xylyl-N'-methylperimidine-carbene ligand and C(∧)N = a 2-pyridylphenyl ligand), reacted with 2 equiv of Et3SiH to give an iridium hydride complex, (L(4))(C(∧)N)Ir(H)(SiEt3) (8d) (L(4) = N-CH3, N-3,5-(CH3)2C6H3 perimidine), via demetalation of a N-3,5-xylyl ring of the carbene ligand of 2d. The formation of 8d was confirmed by isolating the corresponding chloro complex (L(4))(C(∧)N)Ir(Cl)(SiEt3) (8d-Cl) by treatment with CCl4. The N-methyl moiety of the carbene ligand coordinated to 8d was cyclometalated in the presence of norbornene at room temperature to afford ((Me)C(∧)C:)(C(∧)N)Ir(SiEt3) (10d) ((Me)C(∧)C: = a cyclometalated N-xylyl-N'-methylperimidine-carbene), while at high temperature 8d reacted with norbornene and Et3SiH to afford the silylated product, 2-(2-triethylsilyl)phenylpyridine (3a) and norbornane. A deuterium labeling experiment using 2d and Et3SiD (excess) revealed the incorporation of deuterium atoms at two ortho-positions of the N-xylyl group (>90%) and at the 3-position of 2-pyridylphenyl ligand (ca. 40%) within 3 h at room temperature, indicating that the cyclometalation/demetalation of the N-xylylperimidine carbene and 2-phenylpyridine ligands were reversible processes. Isolation of these cyclometalated iridium complexes under controlled conditions and D-labeling experiments thus revealed a dual function of the N-aryl group bound to the perimidine-carbene ligand, which acted as both a neutral carbene ligand and a monoanionic ortho-metalated aryl-carbene ligand through reversible C-H bond activation and Ir-C bond cleavage of the N-aryl group during the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongshin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, CRST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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25
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Harb C, Kravtsov P, Choudhuri M, Sirianni ER, Yap GPA, Lever ABP, Crutchley RJ. Phenylcyanamidoruthenium scorpionate complexes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:1621-30. [PMID: 23339541 DOI: 10.1021/ic302535h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nine [Ru(Tp)(dppe)L] complexes, where Tp is hydrotris(pyrazol-1-yl)borate, dppe is ethylenebis(diphenylphosphine), and L is (4-nitrophenyl)cyanamide (NO(2)pcyd(-)), (2-chlorophenyl)cyanamide (2-Clpcyd(-)), (3-chlorophenyl)cyanamide (3-Clpcyd(-)), (2,4-dichlorophenyl)cyanamide (2,4-Cl(2)pcyd(-)), (2,3-dichlorophenyl)cyanamide (2,3-Cl(2)pcyd(-)), (2,5-dichlorophenyl)cyanamide (2,5-Cl(2)pcyd(-)), (2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)cyanamide (2,4,5-Cl(3)pcyd(-)), (2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl)cyanamide (2,3,5,6-Cl(4)pcyd(-)), and (pentachlorophenyl)cyanamide (Cl(5)pcyd(-)), and the dinuclear complex [{Ru(Tp)(dppe)}(2)(μ-adpc)], where adpc(2-) is azo-4,4-diphenylcyanamide, have been prepared and characterized. The crystal structures of [Ru(Tp)(dppe)(Cl(5)pcyd)] and [{Ru(Tp)(dppe)}(2)(μ-adpc)] reveal the Ru(II) ion to occupy a pseudooctahedral coordination sphere in which the cyanamide ligand coordinates to Ru(II) by its terminal nitrogen atom. For both complexes, the cyanamide ligands are planar, indicating significant π mixing between the cyanamide and phenyl moieties as well as the azo group in the case of adpc(2-). The optical spectra of the nominally ruthenium(III) species [Ru(Tp)(dppe)L](+) were obtained through spectroelectrochemistry measurements and showed an intense near-IR absorption band. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations of these species revealed that oxidation of the ruthenium(II) species led to species where partial oxidation of the cyanamide ligand had occurred, indicative of noninnocent character for these ligands. The spin densities reveal that while the 3-Clpycd species has substantial Ru(II)(3-Clpycd(0)) character, the Cl(5)pycd species is a much more localized ruthenium(III) complex of the Cl(5)pycd monoanion. Some bond order and charge distribution data are derived for these ruthenium(III) species. The near-IR band is assigned as a quite complex mixture of d-d, 4d(π) to L(NCN) MLCT, and L(NCN) to Ru 4d LMCT with even a scorpionate ligand component. Spectroelectrochemistry was also performed on [{Ru(Tp)(dppe)}(2)(μ-adpc)] to generate the mixed-valence state. The intense intervalence transition that is observed in the near-IR is very similar to that previously reported for [{Ru(trpy)(bpy)}(2)(μ-adpc)](2+), where trpy is 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine and bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, and by analogy identifies [{Ru(Tp)(dppe)}(2)(μ-adpc)](+) as a delocalized mixed-valence complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Harb
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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26
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Webb JR, Burgess SA, Cundari TR, Gunnoe TB. Activation of carbon–hydrogen bonds and dihydrogen by 1,2-CH-addition across metal–heteroatom bonds. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:16646-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52164h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Sanhueza IA, Wagner AM, Sanford MS, Schoenebeck F. On the role of anionic ligands in the site-selectivity of oxidative C–H functionalization reactions of arenes. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc00017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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30
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Pouy MJ, Milczek EM, Figg TM, Otten BM, Prince BM, Gunnoe TB, Cundari TR, Groves JT. Flavin-Catalyzed Insertion of Oxygen into Rhenium–Methyl Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12920-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3054139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Pouy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, Charlottesville,
Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Erika M. Milczek
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544,
United States
| | - Travis M. Figg
- Center for
Advanced Scientific
Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017,
United States
| | - Brooke M. Otten
- Center for
Advanced Scientific
Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017,
United States
| | - Bruce M. Prince
- Center for
Advanced Scientific
Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017,
United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, Charlottesville,
Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Center for
Advanced Scientific
Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017,
United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544,
United States
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31
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Ito JI, Kaneda T, Nishiyama H. Intermolecular C–H Bond Activation of Alkanes and Arenes by NCN Pincer Iridium(III) Acetate Complexes Containing Bis(oxazolinyl)phenyl Ligands. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3002137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Ito
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kaneda
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishiyama
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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32
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Chen K, Zhang G, Chen H, Yao J, Danovich D, Shaik S. Spin–Orbit Coupling and Outer-Core Correlation Effects in Ir- and Pt-Catalyzed C–H Activation. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:1641-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ct3000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kejuan Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical
Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical
and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Guiling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical
Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical
and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - David Danovich
- Institute of Chemistry and the
Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Campus,
91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and the
Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Campus,
91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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33
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Prince BM, Cundari TR. C–H Bond Activation of Methane by PtII–N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. The Importance of Having the Ligands in the Right Place at the Right Time. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om201114d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M. Prince
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon
Functionalization
(CCHF), Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070,
Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon
Functionalization
(CCHF), Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070,
Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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34
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35
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Hirano M, Murakami M, Kuga T, Komine N, Komiya S. Acid-Promoted sp3 C–H Bond Cleavage in a Series of (2-Allylphenoxo)ruthenium(II) Complexes. Mechanistic Insight into the Aryloxo–Acid Interaction and Bond Cleavage Reaction. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200974c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Hirano
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16
Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16
Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kuga
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16
Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Komine
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16
Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Sanshiro Komiya
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16
Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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36
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Dispersion and Back-Donation Gives Tetracoordinate [Pd(PPh3)4]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11794-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ahlquist MSG, Norrby PO. Dispersion and Back-Donation Gives Tetracoordinate [Pd(PPh3)4]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Young KJH, Mironov OA, Nielsen RJ, Cheng MJ, Stewart T, Goddard WA, Periana RA. Synthesis and Characterization of the κ2-acac-O,O Complex OsIV(acac)2PhCl and Study of CH Activation with Benzene. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om1010512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J. H. Young
- Donald P. Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1661
| | - Oleg A. Mironov
- Donald P. Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1661
| | - Robert J. Nielsen
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute (139-74) Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute (139-74) Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Timothy Stewart
- Donald P. Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1661
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute (139-74) Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Roy A. Periana
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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Ackermann L. Carboxylate-assisted transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalizations: mechanism and scope. Chem Rev 2011; 111:1315-45. [PMID: 21391562 DOI: 10.1021/cr100412j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2909] [Impact Index Per Article: 223.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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40
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McKinnon SDJ, Patrick BO, Lever ABP, Hicks RG. Electronic Structure Investigations of Neutral and Charged Ruthenium Bis(β-diketonate) Complexes of Redox-Active Verdazyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13587-603. [DOI: 10.1021/ja204575u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D. J. McKinnon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065 STN CSC, Victoria, BC. V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - A. B. P. Lever
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Robin G. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065 STN CSC, Victoria, BC. V8W 3V6, Canada
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41
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Xiong T, Li Y, Bi X, Lv Y, Zhang Q. Copper-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling Reactions of N-para-Tolylamides through Successive CH Activation: Synthesis of 4H-3,1-Benzoxazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7140-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Xiong T, Li Y, Bi X, Lv Y, Zhang Q. Copper-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling Reactions of N-para-Tolylamides through Successive CH Activation: Synthesis of 4H-3,1-Benzoxazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Young KJ, Lokare KS, Leung CH, Cheng MJ, Nielsen RJ, Petasis NA, Goddard WA, Periana RA. Synthesis of osmium and ruthenium complexes bearing dimethyl (S,S)-2,2′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)-bis-(4,5-dihydrooxazol-4-carboxylate) ligand and application to catalytic H/D exchange. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2011.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xu BH, Kehr G, Fröhlich R, Grimme S, Erker G. Reaction of Aminodihydropentalenes with HB(C6F5)2: The Crucial Role of Dihydrogen Elimination. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3480-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1092369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hua Xu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Webb JR, Bolaño T, Gunnoe TB. Catalytic oxy-functionalization of methane and other hydrocarbons: fundamental advancements and new strategies. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:37-49. [PMID: 21226209 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna R Webb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, USA
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Ess DH, Gunnoe TB, Cundari TR, Goddard WA, Periana RA. Ligand Lone-Pair Influence on Hydrocarbon C−H Activation: A Computational Perspective. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100974q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Roy A. Periana
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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Ess DH, Goddard WA, Periana RA. Electrophilic, Ambiphilic, and Nucleophilic C−H Bond Activation: Understanding the Electronic Continuum of C−H Bond Activation Through Transition-State and Reaction Pathway Interaction Energy Decompositions. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100879y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Roy A. Periana
- The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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48
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Vanchura BA, Preshlock SM, Roosen PC, Kallepalli VA, Staples RJ, Maleczka RE, Singleton DA, Smith MR. Electronic effects in iridium C-H borylations: insights from unencumbered substrates and variation of boryl ligand substituents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7724-6. [PMID: 20852803 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experiment and theory favour a model of C-H borylation where significant proton transfer character exists in the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt A Vanchura
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, USA
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49
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Hashiguchi BG, Young KJH, Yousufuddin M, Goddard WA, Periana RA. Acceleration of Nucleophilic CH Activation by Strongly Basic Solvents. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12542-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja102518m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian G. Hashiguchi
- The Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Center for Nanostructured Materials, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, and Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Kenneth J. H. Young
- The Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Center for Nanostructured Materials, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, and Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- The Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Center for Nanostructured Materials, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, and Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - William A. Goddard
- The Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Center for Nanostructured Materials, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, and Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Roy A. Periana
- The Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Center for Nanostructured Materials, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, and Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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