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Fuse S, Ishikawa H, Kitamura H, Masui H, Takahashi T. One-step syntheses of diaza-dioxa-fenestranes via the sequential (3 + 2) cycloadditions of linear precursors and their structural analyses. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6087. [PMID: 39030189 PMCID: PMC11271617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fenestranes, in which four rings share one carbon atom, have garnered much attention because of their flattened quaternary carbon centers. In addition, the rigid and nonplanar structures of heteroatom-containing fenestranes are attractive scaffolds for pharmaceutical applications. We report one-step syntheses of diaza-dioxa-fenestranes via the sequential (3 + 2) cycloadditions. Our synthesis employs readily synthesizable, nonbranched acyclic allenyl precursors that facilitate sequential cycloaddition reactions. We report the synthesis of 22 heteroatom-containing and differently substituted fenestranes with rings of varying sizes. The prepared diaza-dioxa-fenestranes are subjected to X-ray crystallography and DFT calculations, which suggest that replacing the carbon atoms at the non-bridgehead positions in the fenestrane skeleton with nitrogen and oxygen atoms results in a slight flattening of the quaternary carbon center. Moreover, one of our synthesized c,c-[5.5.5.5]fenestranes containing two isoxazoline rings possesses the flattest quaternary carbon center among previously synthesized heteroatom-containing fenestrane versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fuse
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisashi Masui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Luque A, Groß J, Zähringer TJB, Kerzig C, Opatz T. Vinylcyclopropane [3+2] Cycloaddition with Acetylenic Sulfones Based on Visible Light Photocatalysis**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104329. [PMID: 35133690 PMCID: PMC9314945 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The first intermolecular visible light [3+2] cycloaddition reaction performed on a meta photocycloadduct employing acetylenic sulfones is described. The developed methodology exploits the advantages of combining UV and visible‐light in a two‐step sequence that provides a photogenerated cyclopropane which, through a strain‐release process, generates a new cyclopentane ring while significantly increasing the molecular complexity. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations indicate an energy transfer pathway for the visible light‐driven reaction step. This strategy could be extended to simpler vinylcyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Luque
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jonathan Groß
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Till J. B. Zähringer
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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3
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Sperlich A, Auth M, Dyakonov V. Charge Transfer in Ternary Solar Cells Employing Two Fullerene Derivatives: Where do Electrons Go? Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sperlich
- Experimental Physics 6 Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Auth
- Experimental Physics 6 Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Dyakonov
- Experimental Physics 6 Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
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4
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Omri N, Moussa F, Bu Y. Functionalization of [60]Fullerene through photochemical reaction for fulleropyrrolidine nanovectors synthesis: Experimental and theoretical approaches. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 198:111457. [PMID: 33243548 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To develop novel carbon-based nanocarriers, we proposed grafting on the [60]Fullerene (C60) biologically active molecules. In this process, the formed derivatives described another approach to use photo-cycloaddition reactions for developing the third nanovector generation. As a result, the photoexcitation of C60 and azomethine ylide (AZMYtrp), with visible light, was considered as the most promising pathway to synthesize fulleropyrrolidine (FPL). After complexation with sodium cation (Na+), the error masses of FPL mono-, bis- and tris-adducts were remarkably decreased to -85.93 %, -53.99 % and -99.42 %, respectively. The formed FPL-Na+ complexes presented a significant capacity for trapping OH and OOH free radicals. In fact, their antiradical properties increased when Na+ was bonded with FPL-Na+ mono-adduct carbonyl oxygens. Comparing FPL bis-adducts regioisomers, under three different AZMYtrp forms, the neutral and anionic-neutral forms of FPL cis1 isomer were considered as the most reactive bis-nanocarriers with mole fractions of about 61 % and 46 %, respectively, in contrast to FPL-Na+, when the mixture was dominated by the anionic-neutral form of cis2 isomer with 50.34 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Omri
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Fathi Moussa
- LETIAM, Groupe de Chimie Analytique de Paris Sud, EA 4041, IUT d'Orsay, Université Paris Sud 11, Plateau de Moulon, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Ghosh AK, Belcher MR. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Vinyl Acetal Rearrangement of 4,5-Dihydro-1,3-dioxepines: Stereoselective Synthesis of cis- and trans-2,3-Disubstituted Tetrahydrofurans. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10399-10412. [PMID: 32806103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lewis acid-catalyzed rearrangements of 4,5-dihydro-1,3-dioxepines have been investigated. Rearrangement of vinyl acetals under a variety of conditions resulted in cis- and trans-2,3-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran derivatives in a highly stereoselective manner. Rearrangements at lower temperatures typically provided the cis-2,3-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran carbaldehydes. At higher temperatures, the corresponding trans-2,3-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran carbaldehydes are formed. The requisite substrates for the vinyl acetal rearrangement were synthesized via ring-closing olefin metathesis of bis(allyoxy)methyl derivatives using Grubbs second-generation catalyst followed by olefin isomerization using a catalytic amount of RuCl2(PPh3)3. We examined the substrate scope using substituted aromatic and aliphatic derivatives. Additionally, the rearrangement was utilized in the synthesis of a stereochemically-defined bis-tetrahydrofuran (bis-THF) derivative, which is one of the key structural elements of darunavir, an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Miranda R Belcher
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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6
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Kaur N, Devi M, Verma Y, Grewal P, Bhardwaj P, Ahlawat N, Jangid NK. Photochemical Synthesis of Fused Five-membered O-heterocycles. CURRENT GREEN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2213346106666190904145200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Some transformations are not possible with ground-state reactions even in the presence of a
catalyst, hence they are performed under photochemical conditions. Electron transfer occurs even with
the photochemical excitement of one molecule where redox reaction is not possible at the ground
state. The side products are obtained from ground-state reactions. For C-C bond formation during photochemical
reactions, there is no requirement of any chemical activation of the substrates. Therefore,
these reactions are presented here for the synthesis of fused five-membered O-heterocycles in the context
of sustainable processes from 1964 to 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Rajasthan), India
| | - Meenu Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Rajasthan), India
| | - Yamini Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Rajasthan), India
| | - Pooja Grewal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Rajasthan), India
| | - Pranshu Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Rajasthan), India
| | - Neha Ahlawat
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Rajasthan), India
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7
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Tian L, Krauss IJ. Stereoselective Homocrotylation of Aldehydes: Enantioselective Synthesis of Allylic-Substituted Z/ E-Alkenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:6730-6735. [PMID: 30350633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopropanated allyl- and crotylboron reagents participate in homoallylation and homocrotylation reactions that enable enantioselective access to motifs that otherwise require many steps to synthesize. In this study, we investigated the effect of substituents α- to boron, predicted either to counteract or reinforce the 1,3- selectivity of the parent reagents. We then investigated the transformation of the substituted homocrotylation products in intramolecular photocycloadditions to produce stereochemically complex natural-product-like scaffolds, finding that flow conditions enhanced the regioselectivity and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Tian
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , MS 015 , Waltham , Massachusetts 02454-9110 , United States
| | - Isaac J Krauss
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , MS 015 , Waltham , Massachusetts 02454-9110 , United States
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8
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Kang B, Lee JY, Kang S. Theoretically Predicted New Multicyclic Compound by Stilbene Dimer. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baotao Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 China
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 South Korea
| | - Sunwoo Kang
- Display Research Center; Samsung Display Co.; Yongin South Korea
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9
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Das D, Chakraborty TK. An overview of the recent synthetic studies toward penifulvins and other fenestranes. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Cycloadditions are among the most efficient chemical processes, combining atom economy, stereospecificity, and the ability to generate molecular complexity in a single step. Aromatic rings would in principle be ideal reaction partners, as they contain, at least from the topological point of view, both olefinic and diene subunits; however, the stability of the conjugated aromatic system would be broken by cycloaddition reactions, which are therefore rarely applied, because kinetics and thermodynamics hinder the process. From that aspect, photochemical activation opens interesting perspectives, as one can selectively provide excess energy to one of the reactants but not to the product, thus preventing thermal back reaction. Indeed, aromatic rings show a rich photochemistry, ranging from isomerizations, substitutions, and additions to cycloadditions. In this review, we will focus on cycloadditions, covering literature from early observations up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Remy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg , Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christian G Bochet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg , Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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11
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Parsons PJ, Jones DR, Padgham AC, Allen LAT, Penkett CS, Green RA, White AJP. A New Approach for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Aromatic Rings: The Alkyne-Mediated Approach. Chemistry 2016; 22:3981-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Parsons
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Daniel R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Alex C. Padgham
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Lewis A. T. Allen
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Clive S. Penkett
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Robert A. Green
- School of Chemistry; University of Southampton; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
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12
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Wegmann M, Bach T. Influence of the −CH2X Substituent on the Regioselectivity of Intramolecular meta-Photocycloaddition Reactions. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2017-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5028613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Wegmann
- Lehrstuhl für Organische
Chemie I, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr.
4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Lehrstuhl für Organische
Chemie I, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr.
4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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13
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Hicklin RW, López Silva TL, Hergenrother PJ. Synthesis of bridged oxafenestranes from pleuromutilin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9880-3. [PMID: 25045118 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fenestranes are an intriguing class of highly strained molecules possessing a quaternary carbon with bonds that deviate from the canonical tetrahedral geometry. Herein we report the discovery that the natural product pleuromutilin can be used as a structurally complex starting material for the synthesis of a series of bridged cis,cis,cis,cis-[4.5.5.5]- and cis,cis,cis,cis-[4.5.7.5]oxafenestranes through a carbocation rearrangement cascade. X-ray crystallographic analysis of several cis,cis,cis,cis-[4.5.5.5]oxafenestranes shows a significant planarization of the central tetracoordinate carbon atom and demonstrates the influence of bridgehead substituents and bridging rings on planarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Hicklin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 261 RAL, Box 36-5, 600 S. Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
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14
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Hicklin RW, López Silva TL, Hergenrother PJ. Synthesis of Bridged Oxafenestranes from Pleuromutilin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Boudhar A, Charpenay M, Blond G, Suffert J. Fenestranes in Synthesis: Unique and Highly Inspiring Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12786-98. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Boudhar A, Charpenay M, Blond G, Suffert J. Fenestrane in der Synthese: einzigartige und inspirierende Grundgerüste. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Hoffmann N. Photochemical reactions of aromatic compounds and the concept of the photon as a traceless reagent. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 11:1613-41. [PMID: 22732723 DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Electronic excitation significantly changes the reactivity of chemical compounds. Compared to ground state reactions, photochemical reactions considerably enlarge the application spectrum of a particular functional group in organic synthesis. Multistep syntheses may be simplified and perspectives for target oriented synthesis (TOS) and diversity oriented synthesis (DOS) are developed. New compound families become available or may be obtained more easily. In contrast to common chemical reagents, photons don't generate side products resulting from the transformation of a chemical reagent. Therefore, they are considered as a traceless reagent. Consequently, photochemical reactions play a central role in the methodology of sustainable chemistry. This aspect has been recognized since the beginning of the 20th century. As with many other photochemical transformations, photochemical reactions of aromatic, benzene-like compounds illustrate well the advantages in this context. Photochemical cycloadditions of aromatic compounds have been investigated for a long time. Currently, they are applied in various fields of organic synthesis. They are also studied in supramolecular structures. The phenomena of reactivity and stereoselectivity are investigated. During recent years, photochemical electron transfer mediated reactions are particularly focused. Such transformations have likewise been performed with aromatic compounds. Reactivity and selectivity as well as application to organic synthesis are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Hoffmann
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, F-51687 Reims, cedex 02, France.
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19
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Penkett CS, Woolford JA. Investigating the Photochemical Properties of an Arenyl Dienol. Org Lett 2012; 14:5704-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302718p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Mehta G, Khan TB. Model studies toward a synthesis of asperaculin A: exploration of iterative intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction based strategies to access the dioxa[5.5.5.6]fenestrane framework. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Charpenay M, Boudhar A, Blond G, Suffert J. An Expeditious and Atom-Economical Synthesis of a New Generation of Substituted [4.6.4.6]Fenestradienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Charpenay M, Boudhar A, Blond G, Suffert J. An Expeditious and Atom-Economical Synthesis of a New Generation of Substituted [4.6.4.6]Fenestradienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4379-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Jana A, Azhakar R, Sarish SP, Samuel PP, Roesky HW, Schulzke C, Koley D. Reactions of Stable Amidinate Chlorosilylene and [1+4]-Oxidative Addition of N-Heterocyclic Silylene with N-Benzylideneaniline. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Synthesis and reactions of two stereoisomeric [4.5.5.5]fenestranes with bridgehead substituents. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Streit U, Bochet CG. The arene-alkene photocycloaddition. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:525-42. [PMID: 21647263 PMCID: PMC3107530 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presence of an alkene, three different modes of photocycloaddition with benzene derivatives can occur; the [2 + 2] or ortho, the [3 + 2] or meta, and the [4 + 2] or para photocycloaddition. This short review aims to demonstrate the synthetic power of these photocycloadditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Streit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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26
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Penkett CS, Woolford JA, Read TW, Kahan RJ. Investigating the arenyl-diene double [3 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1295-304. [PMID: 21294518 DOI: 10.1021/jo101927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The double [3 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction involving arenyl-dienes has been used to assemble seven separate [5.5.5.5] fenestrane structures that include ether and aza variants. The primary photolysis step was a meta photocycloaddition reaction, while a secondary photocycloaddition step formed the fenestrane structure. Investigations involving the insertion of an additional methylene group into the basic arenyl-diene skeleton failed to afford the desired [5.5.5.6] fenestrane structure. The presence of an oxime moiety in the aromatic photosubstrate allowed the primary photolysis step to take place; however, an attempted secondary photocycloaddition reaction involving the oxime did not provide the intended polyheterocyclic fenestrane. An alternative strategy to form various "criss-cross" double meta photocycloadducts was investigated and led to the discovery of a Paterno-Büchi cycloaddition reaction between acetone and an angular meta photocycloadduct. Other novel thermally and photochemically mediated skeletal rearrangement reactions were also recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive S Penkett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK.
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27
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Wang SR, Qiu Z, Xie Z. Insertion of Carboryne into Aromatic Rings: Formation of Cyclooctatetraenocarboranes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:9988-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1044488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunewang R. Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zaozao Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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