1
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Nuomin H, Wu J, Zhang P, Beratan DN. Efficient simulation of open quantum systems coupled to a reservoir through multiple channels. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:124114. [PMID: 39324530 DOI: 10.1063/5.0226183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
It is challenging to simulate open quantum systems that are connected to a reservoir through multiple channels. For example, vibrations may induce fluctuations in both energy gaps and electronic couplings, which represent two independent channels of system-bath couplings. Systems of this kind are ubiquitous in the processes of excited state radiationless decay. Combined with density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and matrix product states (MPS) methods, we develop an interaction-picture chain mapping strategy for vibrational reservoirs to simulate the dynamics of these open systems, resulting in time-dependent spatially local system-bath couplings in the chain-mapped Hamiltonian. This transformation causes the entanglement generated by the system-bath interactions to be restricted within a narrow frequency window of vibrational modes, enabling efficient DMRG/MPS dynamical simulations. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by simulating singlet fission dynamics using a generalized spin-boson Hamiltonian with both diagonal and off-diagonal system-bath couplings. This approach generalizes an earlier interaction-picture chain mapping scheme, allowing for efficient and exact simulation of systems with multi-channel system-bath couplings using matrix product states, which may further our understanding of nonlocal exciton-phonon couplings in exciton transport and the non-Condon effect in energy and electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanggai Nuomin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Jiaxi Wu
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- TAPIR, Mailcode 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - David N Beratan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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2
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Guan J, Li X, Shen C, Zi Z, Hou Z, Hao C, Yu Q, Jiang H, Ma Y, Yu Z, Zheng J. Vibrational-Mode-Selective Modulation of Electronic Excitation. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400335. [PMID: 38807346 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Vibrational-mode-selective modulation of electronic excitation is conducted with a synchronized femtosecond (fs) visible (vis) pulse and a picosecond (ps) infrared (IR) pulse. The mechanism of modulation of vibrational and vibronic relaxation behavior of excited state is investigated with ultrafast vis/IR, IR/IR, and vis-IR/IR transient spectroscopy, optical gating experiments and theoretical calculations. An organic molecule, 4'-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3-methoxyflavone (DMA3MHF) is chosen as the model system. Upon 1608 cm-1 excitation, the skeleton stretching vibration of DMA3MHF is energized, which can significantly change the shape of the absorption, facilitate the radiative decay and promote emission from vibrational excited states. As results, a remarkable enhancement and a slight blueshift in fluorescence are observed. The mode-selective modulation of electronic excitation is not limited in luminescence or photophysics. It is expected to be widely applicable in tuning many photochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Guan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinmao Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chengzhen Shen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhi Zi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhuowei Hou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chuanqing Hao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qirui Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuguo Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhihao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junrong Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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3
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Imahori H, Akiyama M. Molecular donor-acceptor linked systems as models for examining their interactions in excited states. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:080901. [PMID: 39171699 DOI: 10.1063/5.0222310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular donor-acceptor (D-A) linked systems have attracted significant attention due to their potential to address D-A interactions in excited states. In these systems, it is crucial to understand the interplay between electrons and spin behaviors, atomic nucleus movements (including vibration, rotation, fluctuation, and transfer), and collective motion (electron-phonon coupling) over time. Through intentional manipulation of locally excited, charge-transfer excited, and charge-separated states, along with modulation of dynamic effects (enhancement or restraint), we expect to unlock the full potential of D-A systems for photofunctions in electronics, energy, healthcare, and functional materials. In this perspective, we present our recent examples of D-A linked systems and related ones that address the aforementioned issues as part of our "Dynamic Exciton" research project in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences (ILAS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Midori Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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4
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Kang M, Nuomin H, Chowdhury SN, Yuly JL, Sun K, Whitlow J, Valdiviezo J, Zhang Z, Zhang P, Beratan DN, Brown KR. Seeking a quantum advantage with trapped-ion quantum simulations of condensed-phase chemical dynamics. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:340-358. [PMID: 38641733 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Simulating the quantum dynamics of molecules in the condensed phase represents a longstanding challenge in chemistry. Trapped-ion quantum systems may serve as a platform for the analog-quantum simulation of chemical dynamics that is beyond the reach of current classical-digital simulation. To identify a 'quantum advantage' for these simulations, performance analysis of both analog-quantum simulation on noisy hardware and classical-digital algorithms is needed. In this Review, we make a comparison between a noisy analog trapped-ion simulator and a few choice classical-digital methods on simulating the dynamics of a model molecular Hamiltonian with linear vibronic coupling. We describe several simple Hamiltonians that are commonly used to model molecular systems, which can be simulated with existing or emerging trapped-ion hardware. These Hamiltonians may serve as stepping stones towards the use of trapped-ion simulators for systems beyond the reach of classical-digital methods. Finally, we identify dynamical regimes in which classical-digital simulations seem to have the weakest performance with respect to analog-quantum simulations. These regimes may provide the lowest hanging fruit to make the most of potential quantum advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Kang
- Duke Quantum Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Hanggai Nuomin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jonathon L Yuly
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ke Sun
- Duke Quantum Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jacob Whitlow
- Duke Quantum Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jesús Valdiviezo
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Theory Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Departamento de Ciencias, Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - Zhendian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David N Beratan
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Brown
- Duke Quantum Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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5
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Yu Q, Li X, Shen C, Yu Z, Guan J, Zheng J. Blue-Shifted and Broadened Fluorescence Enhancement by Visible and Mode-Selective Infrared Double Excitations. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2912-2922. [PMID: 38572812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Mode-selective vibrational excitations to modify the electronic states of fluorescein dianion in methanol solutions are carried out with a femtosecond visible pulse synchronized with a tunable high-power, narrow-band picosecond infrared (IR) pulse. In this work, simultaneous intensity enhancement, peak blueshift, and line width broadening of fluorescence are observed in the visible/IR double resonance experiments. Comprehensive investigations on the modulation mechanism with scanning the vibrational excitation frequencies, tuning the time delay between the two excitation pulses, theoretical calculations, and nonlinear and linear spectroscopic measurements suggest that the fluorescence intensity enhancement is caused by the increase of the Franck-Condon factor induced by the vibrational excitations at the electronic ground state. Various enhancement effects are observed as vibrations initially excited by the IR photons relax to populate the vibrational modes of lower frequencies. The peak blueshift and line width broadening are caused by both increasing the Franck-Condon factors among different subensembles because of IR pre-excitation and the long-lived processes induced by the initial IR excitation. The results demonstrate that the fluorescence from the visible/IR double resonance experiments is not a simple sum frequency effect, and vibrational relaxations can produce profound effects modifying luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinmao Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengzhen Shen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianxin Guan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junrong Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Mendis KC, Li X, Valdiviezo J, Banziger SD, Zhang P, Ren T, Beratan DN, Rubtsov IV. Electron transfer rate modulation with mid-IR in butadiyne-bridged donor-bridge-acceptor compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1819-1828. [PMID: 38168814 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03175f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Controlling electron transfer (ET) processes in donor-bridge-acceptor (DBA) compounds by mid-IR excitation can enhance our understanding of the ET dynamics and may find practical applications in molecular sensing and molecular-scale electronics. Alkyne moieties are attractive to serve as ET bridges, as they offer the possibility of fast ET and present convenient vibrational modes to perturb the ET dynamics. Yet, these bridges introduce complexity because of the strong torsion angle dependence of the ET rates and transition dipoles among electronic states and a shallow torsion barrier. In this study, we implemented ultrafast 3-pulse laser spectroscopy to investigate how the ET from the dimethyl aniline (D) electron donor to the N-isopropyl-1,8-napthalimide (NAP) electron acceptor can be altered by exciting the CC stretching mode (νCC) of the butadiyne bridge linking the donor and acceptor. The electron transfer was initiated by electronically exciting the acceptor moiety at 400 nm, followed by vibrational excitation of the alkyne, νCC, and detecting the changes in the absorption spectrum in the visible spectral region. The experiments were performed at different delay times t1 and t2, which are the delays between UV-mid-IR and mid-IR-Vis pulses, respectively. Two sets of torsion-angle conformers were identified, one featuring a very fast mean ET time of 0.63 ps (group A) and another featuring a slower mean ET time of 4.3 ps (group B), in the absence of the mid-IR excitation. TD-DFT calculations were performed to determine key torsion angle dependent molecular parameters, including the electronic and vibrational transition dipoles, transition frequencies, and electronic couplings. To describe the 3-pulse data, we developed a kinetic model that includes a locally excited, acceptor-based S2 state, a charge separated S1 state, and their vibrationally excited counterparts, with either excited νCC (denoted as S1Atr, S1Btr, S2Atr, and S2Btr, where tr stands for the excited triplet bond, νCC) or excited daughter modes of the νCC relaxation (S1Ah, S1Bh, S2Ah, and S2Bh, where h stands for vibrationally hot species). The kinetic model was solved analytically, and the species-associated spectra (SAS) were determined numerically using a matrix approach, treating first the experiments with longer t1 delays and then using the already determined SAS for modeling the experiments with shorter t1 delays. Strong vibronic coupling of νCC and of vibrationally hot states makes the analysis complicated. Nevertheless, the SAS were identified and the ET rates of the vibrationally excited species, S2Atr, S2Btr and S2Bh, were determined. The results show that the ET rate for the S2A species is ca. 1.2-fold slower when the νCC mode is excited. The ET rate for species S2B is slower by ca. 1.3-fold if the compound is vibrationally hot and is essentially unchanged when the νCC mode is excited. The SAS determined for the tr and h species resemble the SAS for their respective precursor species in the 2-pulse transient absorption experiments, which validates the procedure used and the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun C Mendis
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
| | - Jesús Valdiviezo
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Susannah D Banziger
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - David N Beratan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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7
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Auty AJ, Scattergood PA, Keane T, Cheng T, Wu G, Carson H, Shipp J, Sadler A, Roseveare T, Sazanovich IV, Meijer AJHM, Chekulaev D, Elliot PIP, Towrie M, Weinstein JA. A stronger acceptor decreases the rates of charge transfer: ultrafast dynamics and on/off switching of charge separation in organometallic donor-bridge-acceptor systems. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11417-11428. [PMID: 37886100 PMCID: PMC10599469 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06409j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To unravel the role of driving force and structural changes in directing the photoinduced pathways in donor-bridge-acceptor (DBA) systems, we compared the ultrafast dynamics in novel DBAs which share a phenothiazine (PTZ) electron donor and a Pt(ii) trans-acetylide bridge (-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-Pt-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-), but bear different acceptors conjugated into the bridge (naphthalene-diimide, NDI; or naphthalene-monoimide, NAP). The excited state dynamics were elucidated by transient absorption, time-resolved infrared (TRIR, directly following electron density changes on the bridge/acceptor), and broadband fluorescence-upconversion (FLUP, directly following sub-picosecond intersystem crossing) spectroscopies, supported by TDDFT calculations. Direct conjugation of a strong acceptor into the bridge leads to switching of the lowest excited state from the intraligand 3IL state to the desired charge-separated 3CSS state. We observe two surprising effects of an increased strength of the acceptor in NDI vs. NAP: a ca. 70-fold slow-down of the 3CSS formation-(971 ps)-1vs. (14 ps)-1, and a longer lifetime of the 3CSS (5.9 vs. 1 ns); these are attributed to differences in the driving force ΔGet, and to distance dependence. The 100-fold increase in the rate of intersystem crossing-to sub-500 fs-by the stronger acceptor highlights the role of delocalisation across the heavy-atom containing bridge in this process. The close proximity of several excited states allows one to control the yield of 3CSS from ∼100% to 0% by solvent polarity. The new DBAs offer a versatile platform for investigating the role of bridge vibrations as a tool to control excited state dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Auty
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | | | - Theo Keane
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - Guanzhi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - Heather Carson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - James Shipp
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - Andrew Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - Thomas Roseveare
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Laser for Science Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, RCaH, STFC OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - Paul I P Elliot
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
| | - Mike Towrie
- Laser for Science Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, RCaH, STFC OX11 0QX UK
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
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Montanaro A, Park KH, Fassioli F, Giusti F, Fausti D, Scholes GD. Manipulation of Charge Delocalization in a Bulk Heterojunction Material Using a Mid-Infrared Push Pulse. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:13712-13722. [PMID: 37492193 PMCID: PMC10364132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
In organic bulk heterojunction materials, charge delocalization has been proposed to play a vital role in the generation of free carriers by effectively reducing the Coulomb attraction via an interfacial charge transfer exciton (CTX). Pump-push-probe (PPP) experiments produced evidence that the excess energy given by a push pulse enhances delocalization, thereby increasing photocurrent. However, previous studies have employed near-infrared push pulses in the range ∼0.4-0.6 eV, which is larger than the binding energy of a typical CTX. This raises the doubt that the push pulse may directly promote dissociation without involving delocalized states. Here, we perform PPP experiments with mid-infrared push pulses at energies that are well below the binding energy of a CTX state (0.12-0.25 eV). We identify three types of CTXs: delocalized, localized, and trapped. The excitation resides over multiple polymer chains in delocalized CTXs, while it is restricted to a single chain (albeit maintaining a degree of intrachain delocalization) in localized CTXs. Trapped CTXs are instead completely localized. The pump pulse generates a "hot" delocalized CTX, which promptly relaxes to a localized CTX and eventually to trapped states. We find that photo-exciting localized CTXs with push pulses resonant to the mid-infrared charge transfer absorption can promote delocalization and, in turn, contribute to the formation of long-lived charge separated states. On the other hand, we found that trapped CTXs are non-responsive to the push pulses. We hypothesize that delocalized states identified in prior studies are only accessible in systems where there is significant interchain electronic coupling or regioregularity that supports either inter- or intrachain polaron delocalization. This, in turn, emphasizes the importance of engineering the micromorphology and energetics of the donor-acceptor interface to exploit the full potential of a material for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Montanaro
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 - km 163.5 in AREA Science Park,
Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Francesca Fassioli
- Department
of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- SISSA − Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Francesca Giusti
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 - km 163.5 in AREA Science Park,
Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Fausti
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 - km 163.5 in AREA Science Park,
Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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9
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Ahn W, Triana JF, Recabal F, Herrera F, Simpkins BS. Modification of ground-state chemical reactivity via light-matter coherence in infrared cavities. Science 2023; 380:1165-1168. [PMID: 37319215 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade7147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reaction-rate modifications for chemical processes due to strong coupling between reactant molecular vibrations and the cavity vacuum have been reported; however, no currently accepted mechanisms explain these observations. In this work, reaction-rate constants were extracted from evolving cavity transmission spectra, revealing resonant suppression of the intracavity reaction rate for alcoholysis of phenyl isocyanate with cyclohexanol. We observed up to an 80% suppression of the rate by tuning cavity modes to be resonant with the reactant isocyanate (NCO) stretch, the product carbonyl (CO) stretch, and cooperative reactant-solvent modes (CH). These results were interpreted using an open quantum system model that predicted resonant modifications of the vibrational distribution of reactants from canonical statistics as a result of light-matter quantum coherences, suggesting links to explore between chemistry and quantum science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmi Ahn
- UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Johan F Triana
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Recabal
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Herrera
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Optics (MIRO), Concepción, Chile
| | - Blake S Simpkins
- Chemistry Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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10
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Li J, Shi Y, Cheng T. Electronic coupling and electron transfer in hydrogen-bonded mixed-valence compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37158078 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01337e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer provided by hydrogen bonds represents a unique and highly significant area of research, as it has a crucial role to play in a wide variety of chemical and biological systems. The hydrogen-bonded mixed-valence system, in the form of donor-hydrogen bond-acceptor, provides an ideal platform for exploring thermally-induced electron transfer across this non-covalent unit. Over the past decades, ongoing progress has been made in this field. Here we critically assess some studies on the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of electronic coupling and thermal electron transfer across hydrogen bond interface. Additionally, selected experimental examples are discussed in terms of intervalence charge transfer, with particular attention paid to the proton-coupled and often overlooked proton-uncoupled electron transfer pathway in hydrogen-bonded mixed-valence systems. We further highlight the major limitations of this research area and suggest potential directions for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
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11
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Leong TX, Collins BK, Dey Baksi S, Mackin RT, Sribnyi A, Burin AL, Gladysz JA, Rubtsov IV. Tracking Energy Transfer across a Platinum Center. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4915-4930. [PMID: 35881911 PMCID: PMC9358659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Rigid, conjugated alkyne bridges serve as important components
in various transition-metal complexes used for energy conversion,
charge separation, sensing, and molecular electronics. Alkyne stretching
modes have potential for modulating charge separation in donor–bridge–acceptor
compounds. Understanding the rules of energy relaxation and energy
transfer across the metal center in such compounds can help optimize
their electron transfer switching properties. We used relaxation-assisted
two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy to track energy transfer across
metal centers in platinum complexes featuring a triazole-terminated
alkyne ligand of two or six carbons, a perfluorophenyl ligand, and
two tri(p-tolyl)phosphine ligands. Comprehensive
analyses of waiting-time dynamics for numerous cross and diagonal
peaks were performed, focusing on coherent oscillation, energy transfer,
and cooling parameters. These observables augmented with density functional
theory computations of vibrational frequencies and anharmonic force
constants enabled identification of different functional groups of
the compounds. Computations of vibrational relaxation pathways and
mode couplings were performed, and two regimes of intramolecular energy
redistribution are described. One involves energy transfer between
ligands via high-frequency modes; the transfer is efficient only if
the modes involved are delocalized over both ligands. The energy transport
pathways between the ligands are identified. Another regime involves
redistribution via low-frequency delocalized modes, which does not
lead to interligand energy transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy X Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Brenna K Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Sourajit Dey Baksi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Robert T Mackin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Artem Sribnyi
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Alexander L Burin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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12
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Yu J, Su NQ, Yang W. Describing Chemical Reactivity with Frontier Molecular Orbitalets. JACS AU 2022; 2:1383-1394. [PMID: 35783161 PMCID: PMC9241161 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Locality in physical space is critical in understanding chemical reactivity in the analysis of various phenomena and processes in chemistry, biology, and materials science, as exemplified in the concepts of reactive functional groups and active sites. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) pinpoint the locality of chemical bonds that are chemically reactive because of the associated orbital energies and thus have achieved great success in describing chemical reactivity, mainly for small systems. For large systems, however, the delocalization nature of canonical molecular orbitals makes it difficult for FMOs to highlight the locality of the chemical reactivity. To obtain localized molecular orbitals that also reflect the frontier nature of the chemical processes, we develop the concept of frontier molecular orbitalets (FMOLs) for describing the reactivity of large systems. The concept of orbitalets was developed recently in the localized orbital scaling correction method, which aims for eliminating the delocalization error in common density functional approximations. Orbitalets are localized in both physical and energy spaces and thus contain both orbital locality and energy information. The FMOLs are thus the orbitalets with energies highest among occupied orbitalets and lowest among unoccupied ones. The applications of FMOLs to hexadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaene in its equilibrium geometry, inter- and intra-molecular charge-transfer systems, and two transition states of a bifurcating reaction demonstrate that FMOLs can connect quantum mechanical treatments of chemical systems and chemical reactivities by locating the reactive region of large chemical systems. Therefore, FMOLs extend the role of FMOs for small systems and describe the chemical reactivity of large systems with energy and locality insight, with potentially broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Taishan
College, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Neil Qiang Su
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(Ministry of Education) and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage
Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weitao Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department
of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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13
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Chatterjee G, Jha A, Blanco-Gonzalez A, Tiwari V, Manathunga M, Duan HG, Tellkamp F, Prokhorenko VI, Ferré N, Dasgupta J, Olivucci M, Miller RJD. Torsionally broken symmetry assists infrared excitation of biomimetic charge-coupled nuclear motions in the electronic ground state. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9392-9400. [PMID: 36093002 PMCID: PMC9384489 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The concerted interplay between reactive nuclear and electronic motions in molecules actuates chemistry. Here, we demonstrate that out-of-plane torsional deformation and vibrational excitation of stretching motions in the electronic ground...
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Chatterjee
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Ajay Jha
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Vandana Tiwari
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Hong-Guang Duan
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Friedjof Tellkamp
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Valentyn I Prokhorenko
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Nicolas Ferré
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR 13013 Marseille France
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai 400005 India
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA
- Dipartimento di Biotechnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena I-53100 Siena Italy
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada
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14
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Yan J, Wilson RW, Buck JT, Grills DC, Reinheimer EW, Mani T. IR linewidth and intensity amplifications of nitrile vibrations report nuclear-electronic couplings and associated structural heterogeneity in radical anions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12107-12117. [PMID: 34667576 PMCID: PMC8457396 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03455c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated molecular chains have the potential to act as "molecular wires" that can be employed in a variety of technologies, including catalysis, molecular electronics, and quantum information technologies. Their successful application relies on a detailed understanding of the factors governing the electronic energy landscape and the dynamics of electrons in such molecules. We can gain insights into the energetics and dynamics of charges in conjugated molecules using time-resolved infrared (TRIR) detection combined with pulse radiolysis. Nitrile ν(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N) bands can act as IR probes for charges, based on IR frequency shifts, because of their exquisite sensitivity to the degree of electron delocalization and induced electric field. Here, we show that the IR intensity and linewidth can also provide unique and complementary information on the nature of charges. Quantifications of IR intensity and linewidth in a series of nitrile-functionalized oligophenylenes reveal that the C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N vibration is coupled to the nuclear and electronic structural changes, which become more prominent when an excess charge is present. We synthesized a new series of ladder-type oligophenylenes that possess planar aromatic structures, as revealed by X-ray crystallography. Using these, we demonstrate that C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N vibrations can report charge fluctuations associated with nuclear movements, namely those driven by motions of flexible dihedral angles. This happens only when a charge has room to fluctuate in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juchao Yan
- Department of Physical Sciences, Eastern New Mexico University Portales NM 88130 USA
| | - Reid W Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - Jason T Buck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - David C Grills
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973-5000 USA
| | - Eric W Reinheimer
- Rigaku Americas Corporation 9009 New Trails Drive, The Woodlands TX 77381 USA
| | - Tomoyasu Mani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
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15
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Yoneda Y, Kudisch B, Rather SR, Maiuri M, Nagasawa Y, Scholes GD, Miyasaka H. Vibrational Dephasing along the Reaction Coordinate of an Electron Transfer Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14511-14522. [PMID: 34474559 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of molecular vibration in photoinduced electron transfer (ET) reactions has been extensively debated in recent years. In this study, we investigated vibrational wavepacket dynamics in a model ET system consisting of an organic dye molecule as an electron acceptor dissolved in various electron donating solvents. By using broad band pump-probe (BBPP) spectroscopy with visible laser pulses of sub-10 fs duration, coherent vibrational wavepackets of naphthacene dye with frequencies spanning 170-1600 cm-1 were observed in the time domain. The coherence properties of 11 vibrational modes were analyzed by an inverse Fourier filtering procedure, and we discovered that the dephasing times of some vibrational coherences are reduced with increasing ET rates. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the corresponding vibrational modes have a large Huang-Rhys factor between the reactant and the product states, supporting the hypothesis that the loss of phase coherence along certain vibrational modes elucidates that those vibrations are coupled to the reaction coordinate of an ET reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoneda
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Bryan Kudisch
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Shahnawaz R. Rather
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yutaka Nagasawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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16
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Maitra A, Sarkar S, Leitner DM, Dawlaty JM. Electric Fields Influence Intramolecular Vibrational Energy Relaxation and Line Widths. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7818-7825. [PMID: 34378946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular vibrational energy relaxation (IVR) is fundamentally important to chemical dynamics. We show that externally applied electric fields affect IVR and vibrational line widths by changing the anharmonic couplings and frequency detunings between modes. We demonstrate this effect in benzonitrile for which prior experimental results show a decrease in vibrational line width as a function of applied electric field. We identify three major channels for IVR that depend on electric field. In the dominant channel, the electric field affects the frequency detuning, while in the other two channels, variation of anharmonic couplings as a function of field is the underlying mechanism. Consistent with experimental results, we show that the combination of all channels gives rise to reduced line widths with increasing electric field in benzonitrile. Our results are relevant for controlling IVR with external or internal fields and for gaining a more complete interpretation of line widths of vibrational Stark probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Maitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0001, United States
| | - Sohini Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0001, United States
| | - David M Leitner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada 89519, United States
| | - Jahan M Dawlaty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0001, United States
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17
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Role of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in promoting electron flow through amino acid and oligopeptide conjugates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026462118. [PMID: 33707214 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026462118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the factors that control charge transfer rates in relatively flexible conjugates is of importance for understanding energy flows in biology as well as assisting the design and construction of electronic devices. Here, we report ultrafast electron transfer (ET) and hole transfer (HT) between a corrole (Cor) donor linked to a perylene-diimide (PDI) acceptor by a tetrameric alanine (Ala)4 Selective photoexcitation of the donor and acceptor triggers subpicosecond and picosecond ET and HT. Replacement of the (Ala)4 linker with either a single alanine or phenylalanine does not substantially affect the ET and HT kinetics. We infer that electronic coupling in these reactions is not mediated by tetrapeptide backbone nor by direct donor-acceptor interactions. Employing a combination of NMR, circular dichroism, and computational studies, we show that intramolecular hydrogen bonding brings the donor and the acceptor into proximity in a "scorpion-shaped" molecular architecture, thereby accounting for the unusually high ET and HT rates. Photoinduced charge transfer relies on a (Cor)NH…O=C-NH…O=C(PDI) electronic-coupling pathway involving two pivotal hydrogen bonds and a central amide group as a mediator. Our work provides guidelines for construction of effective donor-acceptor assemblies linked by long flexible bridges as well as insights into structural motifs for mediating ET and HT in proteins.
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18
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Rather SR, Fu B, Kudisch B, Scholes GD. Interplay of vibrational wavepackets during an ultrafast electron transfer reaction. Nat Chem 2021; 13:70-76. [PMID: 33288893 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer reactions facilitate energy transduction and photoredox processes in biology and chemistry. Recent findings show that molecular vibrations can enable the dramatic acceleration of some electron transfer reactions, and control it by suppressing and enhancing reaction paths. Here, we report ultrafast spectroscopy experiments and quantum dynamics simulations that resolve how quantum vibrations participate in an electron transfer reaction. We observe ballistic electron transfer (~30 fs) along a reaction coordinate comprising high-frequency promoting vibrations. Along another vibrational coordinate, the system becomes impulsively out of equilibrium as a result of the electron transfer reaction. This leads to the generation (by the electron transfer reaction, not the laser pulse) of a new vibrational coherence along this second reaction coordinate in a mode associated with the reaction product. These results resolve a complex reaction trajectory composed of multiple vibrational coordinates that, like a sequence of ratchets, progressively diminish the recurrence of the reactant state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bryan Kudisch
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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19
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Derr JB, Tamayo J, Clark JA, Morales M, Mayther MF, Espinoza EM, Rybicka-Jasińska K, Vullev VI. Multifaceted aspects of charge transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21583-21629. [PMID: 32785306 PMCID: PMC7544685 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01556c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Charge transfer and charge transport are by far among the most important processes for sustaining life on Earth and for making our modern ways of living possible. Involving multiple electron-transfer steps, photosynthesis and cellular respiration have been principally responsible for managing the energy flow in the biosphere of our planet since the Great Oxygen Event. It is impossible to imagine living organisms without charge transport mediated by ion channels, or electron and proton transfer mediated by redox enzymes. Concurrently, transfer and transport of electrons and holes drive the functionalities of electronic and photonic devices that are intricate for our lives. While fueling advances in engineering, charge-transfer science has established itself as an important independent field, originating from physical chemistry and chemical physics, focusing on paradigms from biology, and gaining momentum from solar-energy research. Here, we review the fundamental concepts of charge transfer, and outline its core role in a broad range of unrelated fields, such as medicine, environmental science, catalysis, electronics and photonics. The ubiquitous nature of dipoles, for example, sets demands on deepening the understanding of how localized electric fields affect charge transfer. Charge-transfer electrets, thus, prove important for advancing the field and for interfacing fundamental science with engineering. Synergy between the vastly different aspects of charge-transfer science sets the stage for the broad global impacts that the advances in this field have.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Derr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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20
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Cassabaum AA, Bera K, Rich CC, Nebgen BR, Kwang SY, Clapham ML, Frontiera RR. Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectro-microscopy for probing chemical reaction dynamics in solid-state materials. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:030901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0009976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Cassabaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Kajari Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Christopher C. Rich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Bailey R. Nebgen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Siu Yi Kwang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Margaret L. Clapham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Renee R. Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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21
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Pang Y, Thomas A, Nagarajan K, Vergauwe RMA, Joseph K, Patrahau B, Wang K, Genet C, Ebbesen TW. On the Role of Symmetry in Vibrational Strong Coupling: The Case of Charge-Transfer Complexation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10436-10440. [PMID: 32220038 PMCID: PMC7318350 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that symmetry plays a key role in chemical reactivity. Here we explore its role in vibrational strong coupling (VSC) for a charge-transfer (CT) complexation reaction. By studying the trimethylated-benzene-I2 CT complex, we find that VSC induces large changes in the equilibrium constant KDA of the CT complex, reflecting modifications in the ΔG° value of the reaction. Furthermore, by tuning the microfluidic cavity modes to the different IR vibrations of the trimethylated benzene, ΔG° either increases or decreases depending only on the symmetry of the normal mode that is coupled. This result reveals the critical role of symmetry in VSC and, in turn, provides an explanation for why the magnitude of chemical changes induced by VSC are much greater than the Rabi splitting, that is, the energy perturbation caused by VSC. These findings further confirm that VSC is powerful and versatile tool for the molecular sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Pang
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée G. Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Anoop Thomas
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée G. Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | | | | | - Kripa Joseph
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée G. Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Bianca Patrahau
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée G. Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Kuidong Wang
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée G. Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Cyriaque Genet
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée G. Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Thomas W. Ebbesen
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée G. Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
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22
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Onuchic JN, Rubtsov IV, Therien MJ. Tribute to David N. Beratan. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3437-3440. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Pang Y, Thomas A, Nagarajan K, Vergauwe RMA, Joseph K, Patrahau B, Wang K, Genet C, Ebbesen TW. On the Role of Symmetry in Vibrational Strong Coupling: The Case of Charge‐Transfer Complexation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Pang
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Anoop Thomas
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Kalaivanan Nagarajan
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | | | - Kripa Joseph
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Bianca Patrahau
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Kuidong Wang
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Cyriaque Genet
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Thomas W. Ebbesen
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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24
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del Prado A, González‐Rodríguez D, Wu Y. Functional Systems Derived from Nucleobase Self-assembly. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:409-430. [PMID: 32257750 PMCID: PMC7110180 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic and reversible non-covalent interactions endow synthetic systems and materials with smart adaptive functions that allow them to response to diverse stimuli, interact with external agents, or repair structural defects. Inspired by the outstanding performance and selectivity of DNA in living systems, scientists are increasingly employing Watson-Crick nucleobase pairing to control the structure and properties of self-assembled materials. Two sets of complementary purine-pyrimidine pairs (guanine:cytosine and adenine:thymine(uracil)) are available that provide selective and directional H-bonding interactions, present multiple metal-coordination sites, and exhibit rich redox chemistry. In this review, we highlight several recent examples that profit from these features and employ nucleobase interactions in functional systems and materials, covering the fields of energy/electron transfer, charge transport, adaptive nanoparticles, porous materials, macromolecule self-assembly, or polymeric materials with adhesive or self-healing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselmo del Prado
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - David González‐Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - Yi‐Lin Wu
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
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25
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Dongfei L, Shuo Z, Naicui Z, Chenglin S, He S, Mingxing S, Hongsheng J, Haibo L. Temperature-dependent study of Fermi resonance of CH 3CN and CH 3CN---Li + complex in CH 3CN-LiClO 4 mixture by Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 225:117507. [PMID: 31494380 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Raman spectra of acetonitrile-LiClO4 mixture solution have been measured in the temperature range 20 to -196 °C at ambient pressure. Detailed Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that, in acetonitrile-LiClO4 mixture solution, the liquid CH3CN transformed into solid phase β at approximately -50 °C, and then into solid phase α at approximately -60 °C. Besides, the Fermi resonance parameters of CH3CN and CH3CN---Li+ complex at different temperatures were calculated by using the Bertran's equations, respectively. It was found that the Fermi resonance coefficient W of CH3CN---Li+ complex was not sensitive to the variation of temperature from 20 to -45 °C. In the case of CH3CN, however, the Fermi resonance coefficient W decreased from the temperature of 20 to -196 °C during which a sudden increase was observed at the temperature of -50 °C coinciding with the temperature of phase transition from liquid to solid phase β. Finally, the temperature induced precipitation behavior of LiClO4 and the structural evolution of CH3CN on the Fermi resonance have been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dongfei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Shuo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhai Naicui
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sun Chenglin
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Mingxing
- College of Information and Technology, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Hongsheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Haibo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Li X, Valdiviezo J, Banziger SD, Zhang P, Ren T, Beratan DN, Rubtsov IV. Symmetry controlled photo-selection and charge separation in butadiyne-bridged donor–bridge–acceptor compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9664-9676. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) in donor–bridge–acceptor (DBA) compounds featuring alkyne bridges depends strongly on the torsion angle between the donor and acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
| | | | | | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - David N. Beratan
- Department of Chemistry
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University
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Banziger SD, Li X, Valdiviezo J, Zeller M, Zhang P, Beratan DN, Rubtsov IV, Ren T. Unsymmetrical Bis-Alkynyl Complexes Based on Co(III)(cyclam): Synthesis, Ultrafast Charge Separation, and Analysis. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15487-15497. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susannah D. Banziger
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Jesús Valdiviezo
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David N. Beratan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Igor V. Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Phelan BT, Schultz JD, Zhang J, Huang GJ, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Quantum coherence in ultrafast photo-driven charge separation. Faraday Discuss 2019; 216:319-338. [PMID: 31066389 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00218e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent interactions are prevalent in photodriven processes, ranging from photosynthetic energy transfer to superexchange-mediated electron transfer, resulting in numerous studies aimed towards identifying and understanding these interactions. A key motivator of this interest is the non-statistical scaling laws that result from coherently traversing multiple pathways due to quantum interference. To that end, we employed ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy to measure electron transfer in two donor-acceptor molecular systems comprising a p-(9-anthryl)-N,N-dimethylaniline chromophore/electron donor and either one or two equivalent naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide) electron acceptors at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The two-acceptor compound shows a statistical factor of 2.1 ± 0.2 rate enhancement at room temperature and a non-statistical factor of 2.6 ± 0.2 rate enhancement at cryogenic temperatures, suggesting correlated interactions between the two acceptors with the donor and with the bath modes. Comparing the charge recombination rates indicates that the electron is delocalized over both acceptors at low temperature but localized on a single acceptor at room temperature. These results highlight the importance of shielding the system from bath fluctuations to preserve and ultimately exploit the coherent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Phelan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Guan-Jhih Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
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29
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Matyushov DV. Nonequilibrium vibrational population and donor-acceptor vibrations affecting rates of radiationless transitions. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:074504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5082970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Matyushov
- Department of Physics and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871504, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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31
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Rather SR, Scholes GD. From Fundamental Theories to Quantum Coherences in Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:708-722. [PMID: 30412671 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer (ET) is a cornerstone of energy transduction from light to chemistry. The past decade has seen tremendous advances in the possible role of quantum coherent effects in the light-initiated energy and ET processes in chemical, biological, and materials systems. The prevalence of such coherence effects holds a promise to increase the efficiency and robustness of transport even in the face of energetic or structural disorder. A primary motive of this Perspective is to work out how to think about "coherence" in ET reactions. We will discuss how the interplay of basic parameters governing ET reactions-like electronic coupling, interactions with the environment, and intramolecular high-frequency quantum vibrations-impact coherences. This includes revisiting the insights from the seminal work on the theory of ET and time-resolved measurements on coherent dynamics to explore the role of coherences in ET reactions. We conclude by suggesting that in addition to optical spectroscopies, validating the functional role of coherences would require simultaneous mapping of correlated electron motion and atomically resolved nuclear structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz R. Rather
- Frick Chemistry Laboratory , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Frick Chemistry Laboratory , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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32
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Song Y, Konar A, Sechrist R, Roy VP, Duan R, Dziurgot J, Policht V, Matutes YA, Kubarych KJ, Ogilvie JP. Multispectral multidimensional spectrometer spanning the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:013108. [PMID: 30709236 DOI: 10.1063/1.5055244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional spectroscopy is the optical analog to nuclear magnetic resonance, probing dynamical processes with ultrafast time resolution. At optical frequencies, the technical challenges of multidimensional spectroscopy have hindered its progress until recently, where advances in laser sources and pulse-shaping have removed many obstacles to its implementation. Multidimensional spectroscopy in the visible and infrared (IR) regimes has already enabled respective advances in our understanding of photosynthesis and the structural rearrangements of liquid water. A frontier of ultrafast spectroscopy is to extend and combine multidimensional techniques and frequency ranges, which have been largely restricted to operating in the distinct visible or IR regimes. By employing two independent amplifiers seeded by a single oscillator, it is straightforward to span a wide range of time scales (femtoseconds to seconds), all of which are often relevant to the most important energy conversion and catalysis problems in chemistry, physics, and materials science. Complex condensed phase systems have optical transitions spanning the ultraviolet (UV) to the IR and exhibit dynamics relevant to function on time scales of femtoseconds to seconds and beyond. We describe the development of the Multispectral Multidimensional Nonlinear Spectrometer (MMDS) to enable studies of dynamical processes in atomic, molecular, and material systems spanning femtoseconds to seconds, from the UV to the IR regimes. The MMDS employs pulse-shaping methods to provide an easy-to-use instrument with an unprecedented spectral range that enables unique combination spectroscopies. We demonstrate the multispectral capabilities of the MMDS on several model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Song
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Arkaprabha Konar
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Riley Sechrist
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ved Prakash Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Rong Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jared Dziurgot
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Veronica Policht
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yassel Acosta Matutes
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kevin J Kubarych
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer P Ogilvie
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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34
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Ma Z, Antoniou P, Zhang P, Skourtis SS, Beratan DN. A Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Study of Infrared Perturbed Electron Transfer. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:4818-4832. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | | | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | | | - David N. Beratan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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35
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Ma Z, Lin Z, Lawrence CM, Rubtsov IV, Antoniou P, Skourtis SS, Zhang P, Beratan DN. How can infra-red excitation both accelerate and slow charge transfer in the same molecule? Chem Sci 2018; 9:6395-6405. [PMID: 30310568 PMCID: PMC6115705 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A UV-IR-Vis 3-pulse study of infra-red induced changes to electron transfer (ET) rates in a donor-bridge-acceptor species finds that charge-separation rates are slowed, while charge-recombination rates are accelerated as a result of IR excitation during the reaction. We explore the underpinning mechanisms for this behavior, studying IR-induced changes to the donor-acceptor coupling, to the validity of the Condon approximation, and to the reaction coordinate distribution. We find that the dominant IR-induced rate effects in the species studied arise from changes to the density of states in the Marcus curve crossing region. That is, IR perturbation changes the probability of accessing the activated complex for the ET reactions. IR excitation diminishes the population of the activated complex for forward (activationless) ET, thus slowing the rate. However, IR excitation increases the population of the activated complex for (highly activated) charge recombination ET, thus accelerating the charge recombination rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , USA
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , USA
| | - Candace M Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , Louisiana 70125 , USA
| | - Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , USA
| | | | - Spiros S Skourtis
- Department of Physics , University of Cyprus , Nicosia 1678 , Cyprus
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , USA
| | - David N Beratan
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , USA.,Department of Physics , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , USA.,Department of Biochemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , USA
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36
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Wang SM, Yu ML, Feng K, Li XB, Chen YZ, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Efficient electronic communication-driven photoinduced charge-separation in 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone quadruple hydrogen-bonded N,N-dimethylaniline-anthracene assemblies. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Kirschner MS, Ding W, Li Y, Chapman CT, Lei A, Lin XM, Chen LX, Schatz GC, Schaller RD. Phonon-Driven Oscillatory Plasmonic Excitonic Nanomaterials. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:442-448. [PMID: 29191022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that coherent acoustic phonons derived from plasmonic nanoparticles can modulate electronic interactions with proximal excitonic molecular species. A series of gold bipyramids with systematically varied aspect ratios and corresponding localized surface plasmon resonance energies, functionalized with a J-aggregated thiacarbocyanine dye molecule, produces two hybridized states that exhibit clear anticrossing behavior with a Rabi splitting energy of 120 meV. In metal nanoparticles, photoexcitation generates coherent acoustic phonons that cause oscillations in the plasmon resonance energy. In the coupled system, these photogenerated oscillations alter the metal nanoparticle's energetic contribution to the hybridized system and, as a result, change the coupling between the plasmon and exciton. We demonstrate that such modulations in the hybridization are consistent across a wide range of bipyramid ensembles. We also use finite-difference time domain calculations to develop a simple model describing this behavior. Such oscillatory plasmonic-excitonic nanomaterials offer a route to manipulate and dynamically tune the interactions of plasmonic/excitonic systems and unlock a range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Kirschner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wendu Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Craig T Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Min Lin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical Science and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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38
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Rozzi CA, Troiani F, Tavernelli I. Quantum modeling of ultrafast photoinduced charge separation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:013002. [PMID: 29047450 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenomena involving electron transfer are ubiquitous in nature, photosynthesis and enzymes or protein activity being prominent examples. Their deep understanding thus represents a mandatory scientific goal. Moreover, controlling the separation of photogenerated charges is a crucial prerequisite in many applicative contexts, including quantum electronics, photo-electrochemical water splitting, photocatalytic dye degradation, and energy conversion. In particular, photoinduced charge separation is the pivotal step driving the storage of sun light into electrical or chemical energy. If properly mastered, these processes may also allow us to achieve a better command of information storage at the nanoscale, as required for the development of molecular electronics, optical switching, or quantum technologies, amongst others. In this Topical Review we survey recent progress in the understanding of ultrafast charge separation from photoexcited states. We report the state-of-the-art of the observation and theoretical description of charge separation phenomena in the ultrafast regime mainly focusing on molecular- and nano-sized solar energy conversion systems. In particular, we examine different proposed mechanisms driving ultrafast charge dynamics, with particular regard to the role of quantum coherence and electron-nuclear coupling, and link experimental observations to theoretical approaches based either on model Hamiltonians or on first principles simulations.
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39
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Acceleration of a ground-state reaction by selective femtosecond-infrared-laser-pulse excitation. Nat Chem 2018; 10:126-131. [PMID: 29359754 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) excitation of vibrations that participate in the reaction coordinate of an otherwise thermally driven chemical reaction are believed to lead to its acceleration. Attempts at the practical realization of this concept have been hampered so far by competing processes leading to sample heating. Here we demonstrate, using femtosecond IR-pump IR-probe experiments, the acceleration of urethane and polyurethane formation due to vibrational excitation of the reactants for 1:1 mixtures of phenylisocyanate and cyclohexanol, and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and 2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diol, respectively. We measured reaction rate changes upon selective vibrational excitation with negligible heating of the sample and observed an increase of the reaction rate up to 24%. The observation is rationalized using reactant and transition-state structures obtained from quantum chemical calculations. We subsequently used IR-driven reaction acceleration to write a polyurethane square on sample windows using a femtosecond IR pulse.
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40
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Nazarov AE, Ivanov AI. Excitation Frequency Dependence of Ultrafast Photoinduced Charge Transfer Dynamics. INT J CHEM KINET 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Ponseca CS, Chábera P, Uhlig J, Persson P, Sundström V. Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Solar Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10940-11024. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlito S. Ponseca
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
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42
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Delor M, Archer SA, Keane T, Meijer AJHM, Sazanovich IV, Greetham GM, Towrie M, Weinstein JA. Directing the path of light-induced electron transfer at a molecular fork using vibrational excitation. Nat Chem 2017; 9:1099-1104. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Feskov SV, Mikhailova VA, Ivanov AI. Non-equilibrium effects in ultrafast photoinduced charge transfer kinetics. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Dorfman KE, Zhang Y, Mukamel S. Coherent control of long-range photoinduced electron transfer by stimulated X-ray Raman processes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10001-6. [PMID: 27559082 PMCID: PMC5018741 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610729113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that X-ray pulses resonant with selected core transitions can manipulate electron transfer (ET) in molecules with ultrafast and atomic selectivity. We present possible protocols for coherently controlling ET dynamics in donor-bridge-acceptor (DBA) systems by stimulated X-ray resonant Raman processes involving various transitions between the D, B, and A sites. Simulations presented for a Ru(II)-Co(III) model complex demonstrate how the shapes, phases and amplitudes of the X-ray pulses can be optimized to create charge on demand at selected atoms, by opening up otherwise blocked ET pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
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45
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Kurnosov AA, Rubtsov IV, Maksymov AO, Burin AL. Electronic torsional sound in linear atomic chains: Chemical energy transport at 1000 km/s. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:034903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4958726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arkady A. Kurnosov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Igor V. Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Andrii O. Maksymov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Alexander L. Burin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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46
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Nazarov AE, Barykov VY, Ivanov AI. Effect of Intramolecular High-Frequency Vibrational Mode Excitation on Ultrafast Photoinduced Charge Transfer and Charge Recombination Kinetics. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3196-205. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey E. Nazarov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Vadim Yu. Barykov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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47
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Slenkamp KM, Lynch MS, Brookes JF, Bannan CC, Daifuku SL, Khalil M. Investigating vibrational relaxation in cyanide-bridged transition metal mixed-valence complexes using two-dimensional infrared and infrared pump-probe spectroscopies. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:023609. [PMID: 27158634 PMCID: PMC4798997 DOI: 10.1063/1.4943766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using polarization-selective two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) and infrared pump-probe spectroscopies, we study vibrational relaxation of the four cyanide stretching (νCN) vibrations found in [(NH3)5Ru(III)NCFe(II)(CN)5](-) (FeRu) dissolved in D2O or formamide and [(NC)5Fe(II)CNPt(IV)(NH3)4NCFe(II)(CN)5](4-) (FePtFe) dissolved in D2O. These cyanide-bridged transition metal complexes serve as models for understanding the role high frequency vibrational modes play in metal-to-metal charge transfers over a bridging ligand. However, there is currently little information about vibrational relaxation and dephasing dynamics of the anharmonically coupled νCN modes in the electronic ground state of these complexes. IR pump-probe experiments reveal that the vibrational lifetimes of the νCN modes are ∼2 times faster when FeRu is dissolved in D2O versus formamide. They also reveal that the vibrational lifetimes of the νCN modes of FePtFe in D2O are almost four times as long as for FeRu in D2O. Combined with mode-specific relaxation dynamics measured from the 2D IR experiments, the IR pump-probe experiments also reveal that intramolecular vibrational relaxation is occurring in all three systems on ∼1 ps timescale. Center line slope dynamics, which have been shown to be a measure of the frequency-frequency correlation function, reveal that the radial, axial, and trans νCN modes exhibit a ∼3 ps timescale for frequency fluctuations. This timescale is attributed to the forming and breaking of hydrogen bonds between each mode and the solvent. The results presented here along with our previous work on FeRu and FePtFe reveal a picture of coupled anharmonic νCN modes where the spectral diffusion and vibrational relaxation dynamics depend on the spatial localization of the mode on the molecular complex and its specific interaction with the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M Slenkamp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Michael S Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer F Brookes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Caitlin C Bannan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Stephanie L Daifuku
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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48
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Bakulin AA, Silva C, Vella E. Ultrafast Spectroscopy with Photocurrent Detection: Watching Excitonic Optoelectronic Systems at Work. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:250-8. [PMID: 26711855 PMCID: PMC4819534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
While ultrafast spectroscopy with photocurrent detection was almost unknown before 2012, in the last 3 years, a number of research groups from different fields have independently developed ultrafast electric probe approaches and reported promising pilot studies. Here, we discuss these recent advances and provide our perspective on how photocurrent detection successfully overcomes many limitations of all-optical methods, which makes it a technique of choice when device photophysics is concerned. We also highlight compelling existing problems and research questions and suggest ways for further development, outlining the potential breakthroughs to be expected in the near future using photocurrent ultrafast optical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem A. Bakulin
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Silva
- Département de physique & Regroupement
québécois sur les matériaux de pointe, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Eleonora Vella
- Département de physique & Regroupement
québécois sur les matériaux de pointe, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Lukin L. Initial spatial distribution of geminate charge carriers photogenerated in doped conjugated polymers. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Leitner DM, Pandey HD. Asymmetric energy flow in liquid alkylbenzenes: A computational study. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:144301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4932227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Leitner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Physics Program, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hari Datt Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Physics Program, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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