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Xing L, Dou Z, Cao X, Ren P, Zhang W, Wang S, Sun C, Men Z. Exploring electronic energy level structure and excited electronic states of β-carotene using DFT. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9373-9381. [PMID: 36920882 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a class of natural pigments that play a fundamental role in photosynthesis and optoelectronics. However, the complexity of their energy level structure and electronic states has prevented a clear interpretation of their photophysics and photochemistry. The mediating nonradiative decay of the bright S2 state to the dark S1 state of carotenoids involves a population of bridging intermediate state. Herein, time-dependent DFT was used to study the energy level and electronic excitation process of β-carotene. A π-π* transition and π electron delocalization of electron excitation could be inferred based on the difference in the electron cloud distribution of the HOMO and LUMO orbitals. Through the electronic transition contribution in the UV-vis spectra and the electron density difference between the ground state and the excited state, the electronic energy level structure and possible dark state were analyzed. On this basis, the electronic excitation process of β-carotene was theoretically studied by combining electron-hole analysis and transition density matrix (TDM). There was a charge transfer from the β-ionone ring to the long-chain in the (S0) → (S2), (S0) → (S4) and (S0) → (S5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China. .,College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Zhenguo Dou
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China. .,College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Xiumian Cao
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Panpan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China. .,College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Shenghan Wang
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Zhiwei Men
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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2
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Solvent polarizability modulated the electronic state of conjugated long-chain polyene molecules by DFT. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Lee J, Song J, Lee D, Pang Y. Metal-enhanced fluorescence and excited state dynamics of carotenoids in thin polymer films. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3551. [PMID: 30837679 PMCID: PMC6401168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-enhanced fluorescence of carotenoids, all-trans-β-carotene and 8'-apo-β-carotene-8'-al dispersed in thin layers of polystyrene and polyethylene glycol were investigated by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The weak emission signals of carotenoids in polymer films were increased by 4-40 times in the presence of a silver island film and the emission lifetimes of both carotenoids were measured as significantly shortened. The energy transfer from the intermediate states of carotenoids to the silver islands and the subsequent surface plasmon coupled emission were proposed for the mechanisms of metal-enhanced fluorescence. The fluorescence enhancements of carotenoids in the polymer films were also investigated statistically over a wide area of the silver island films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Song
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Daedu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsoo Pang
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Takaya T, Anan M, Iwata K. Vibrational relaxation dynamics of β-carotene and its derivatives with substituents on terminal rings in electronically excited states as studied by femtosecond time-resolved stimulated Raman spectroscopy in the near-IR region. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3320-3327. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved near-IR stimulated Raman spectroscopy indicates acceleration of vibrational relaxation in carotenoids by carbonyl substitution on their peripheral rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Takaya
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gakushuin University
- Tokyo 171-8588
- Japan
| | - Masato Anan
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gakushuin University
- Tokyo 171-8588
- Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gakushuin University
- Tokyo 171-8588
- Japan
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5
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Ghosh S, Bishop MM, Roscioli JD, LaFountain AM, Frank HA, Beck WF. Femtosecond Heterodyne Transient Grating Studies of Nonradiative Deactivation of the S2 (11Bu+) State of Peridinin: Detection and Spectroscopic Assignment of an Intermediate in the Decay Pathway. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3601-14. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 United States
| | - Michael M. Bishop
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 United States
| | - Jerome D. Roscioli
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 United States
| | - Amy M. LaFountain
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3036 United States
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3036 United States
| | - Warren F. Beck
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 United States
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6
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Houk AL, Givens RS, Elles CG. Two-Photon Activation of p-Hydroxyphenacyl Phototriggers: Toward Spatially Controlled Release of Diethyl Phosphate and ATP. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3178-86. [PMID: 26962676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon activation of the p-hydroxyphenacyl (pHP) photoactivated protecting group is demonstrated for the first time using visible light at 550 nm from a pulsed laser. Broadband two-photon absorption measurements reveal a strong two-photon transition (>10 GM) near 4.5 eV that closely resembles the lowest-energy band at the same total excitation energy in the one-photon absorption spectrum of the pHP chromophore. The polarization dependence of the two-photon absorption band is consistent with excitation to the same S3 ((1)ππ*) excited state for both one- and two-photon activation. Monitoring the progress of the uncaging reaction under nonresonant excitation at 550 nm confirms a quadratic intensity dependence and that two-photon activation of the uncaging reaction is possible using visible light in the range 500-620 nm. Deprotonation of the pHP chromophore under mildly basic conditions shifts the absorption band to lower energy (3.8 eV) in both the one- and two-photon absorption spectra, suggesting that two-photon activation of the pHP chromophore may be possible using light in the range 550-720 nm. The results of these measurements open the possibility of spatially and temporally selective release of biologically active compounds from the pHP protecting group using visible light from a pulsed laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Houk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Richard S Givens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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7
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Ghosh S, Bishop MM, Roscioli JD, Mueller JJ, Shepherd NC, LaFountain AM, Frank HA, Beck WF. Femtosecond Heterodyne Transient-Grating Studies of Nonradiative Decay of the S2 (11Bu+) State of β-Carotene: Contributions from Dark Intermediates and Double-Quantum Coherences. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:14905-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Michael M. Bishop
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Jerome D. Roscioli
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Jenny Jo Mueller
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Nolan C. Shepherd
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Amy M. LaFountain
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Warren F. Beck
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
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8
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Oliver TAA, Fleming GR. Following Coupled Electronic-Nuclear Motion through Conical Intersections in the Ultrafast Relaxation of β-Apo-8′-carotenal. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:11428-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. A. Oliver
- Physical
Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Physical
Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Beck WF, Bishop MM, Roscioli JD, Ghosh S, Frank HA. Excited state conformational dynamics in carotenoids: Dark intermediates and excitation energy transfer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 572:175-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Ragnoni E, Di Donato M, Iagatti A, Lapini A, Righini R. Mechanism of the Intramolecular Charge Transfer State Formation in all-trans-β-Apo-8′-carotenal: Influence of Solvent Polarity and Polarizability. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:420-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5093288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ragnoni
- LENS (European
Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) Italy
- INO (Istituto
Nazionale di Ottica), Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European
Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) Italy
- INO (Istituto
Nazionale di Ottica), Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, via della
Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Alessandro Iagatti
- LENS (European
Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) Italy
- INO (Istituto
Nazionale di Ottica), Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapini
- LENS (European
Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) Italy
- INO (Istituto
Nazionale di Ottica), Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, via della
Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Roberto Righini
- LENS (European
Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) Italy
- INO (Istituto
Nazionale di Ottica), Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, via della
Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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11
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Di Donato M, Segado Centellas M, Lapini A, Lima M, Avila F, Santoro F, Cappelli C, Righini R. Combination of transient 2D-IR experiments and ab initio computations sheds light on the formation of the charge-transfer state in photoexcited carbonyl carotenoids. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:9613-30. [PMID: 25050938 DOI: 10.1021/jp505473j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The excited state dynamics of carbonyl carotenoids is very complex because of the coupling of single- and doubly excited states and the possible involvement of intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) states. In this contribution we employ ultrafast infrared spectroscopy and theoretical computations to investigate the relaxation dynamics of trans-8'-apo-β-carotenal occurring on the picosecond time scale, after excitation in the S2 state. In a (slightly) polar solvent like chloroform, one-dimensional (T1D-IR) and two-dimensional (T2D-IR) transient infrared spectroscopy reveal spectral components with characteristic frequencies and lifetimes that are not observed in nonpolar solvents (cyclohexane). Combining experimental evidence with an analysis of CASPT2//CASSCF ground and excited state minima and energy profiles, complemented with TDDFT calculations in gas phase and in solvent, we propose a photochemical decay mechanism for this system where only the bright single-excited 1Bu(+) and the dark double-excited 2Ag(-) states are involved. Specifically, the initially populated 1Bu(+) relaxes toward 2Ag(-) in 200 fs. In a nonpolar solvent 2Ag(-) decays to the ground state (GS) in 25 ps. In polar solvents, distortions along twisting modes of the chain promote a repopulation of the 1Bu(+) state which then quickly relaxes to the GS (18 ps in chloroform). The 1Bu(+) state has a high electric dipole and is the main contributor to the charge-transfer state involved in the dynamics in polar solvents. The 2Ag(-) → 1Bu(+) population transfer is evidenced by a cross peak on the T2D-IR map revealing that the motions along the same stretching of the conjugated chain on the 2Ag(-) and 1Bu(+) states are coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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12
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Lee I, Lee S, Pang Y. Excited-State Dynamics of Carotenoids Studied by Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.3.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Marek MS, Buckup T, Motzkus M. Direct Observation of a Dark State in Lycopene Using Pump-DFWM. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:8328-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jp202753j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie S. Marek
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiago Buckup
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Motzkus
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Cruz AJ, Siam K, Rillema DP. Dicyano and Pyridine Derivatives of β-Carotene: Synthesis and Vibronic, Electronic, and Photophysical Properties. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:1108-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp106293s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - K. Siam
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh State University, Pittsburgh, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - D. P. Rillema
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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15
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Kosumi D, Kusumoto T, Fujii R, Sugisaki M, Iinuma Y, Oka N, Takaesu Y, Taira T, Iha M, Frank HA, Hashimoto H. Ultrafast excited state dynamics of fucoxanthin: excitation energy dependent intramolecular charge transfer dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:10762-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02568b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Oliva MM, Casado J, Navarrete JTL, Patchkovskii S, Goodson T, Harpham MR, Seixas de Melo JS, Amir E, Rozen S. Do [all]-S,S′-Dioxide Oligothiophenes Show Electronic and Optical Properties of Oligoenes and/or of Oligothiophenes? J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6231-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101015q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Moreno Oliva
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Serguei Patchkovskii
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Theodore Goodson
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michael R. Harpham
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - J. Sérgio Seixas de Melo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Elizabeta Amir
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shlomo Rozen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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17
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Pang Y, Fleming GR. Branching relaxation pathways from the hot S2 state of 8′-apo-β-caroten-8′-al. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:6782-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c001322f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsoo Pang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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