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Son YJ, Hwang HJ, Kwon Y. Heterologous Synthesis and Characterization of Thiocillin IV. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:265-272. [PMID: 36693003 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Micrococcin P1 and P2 are thiopeptides with a wide range of biological functions including antibacterial and antimalarial activities. We previously demonstrated optimized enzymatic sequences for the exclusive and scalable biosynthesis of micrococcin P2. Thiocillin IV is predicted to be the congener of O-methylated micrococcin P2, but the exact structure has not been elucidated. In this study, we report the first scalable biosynthesis and full structural characterization of thiocillin IV, a 26-membered thiopeptide. This was achieved by generating a recombinant plasmid by inserting tclO, a gene encoding an O-methyltransferase, and genes responsible for micrococcin P2 production and incorporating them into a Bacillus strain. With the incorporation of precursor peptide genes and optimal culture conditions, production reached 2.4 mg/L of culture. The purified thiocillin IV structure was identified as O-methylated micrococcin P2 at the 8-Thr position, and its promising biological activity toward various Gram-positive pathogens was observed. This study provides tclO-mediated site-selective methylation and opens a biotechnological opportunity to produce selective thiopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Son
- A&J Science Co., Ltd., 80 Chumbok Ro, Dong Gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Hwang
- A&J Science Co., Ltd., 80 Chumbok Ro, Dong Gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Horizontal Transfer of Bacteriocin Biosynthesis Genes Requires Metabolic Adaptation To Improve Compound Production and Cellular Fitness. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0317622. [PMID: 36472430 PMCID: PMC9927498 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03176-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding the production of bacteriocins are widespread among bacterial isolates and are important genetic determinants of competitive fitness within a given habitat. Staphylococci produce a tremendous diversity of compounds, and the corresponding BGCs are frequently associated with mobile genetic elements, suggesting gain and loss of biosynthetic capacity. Pharmaceutical biology has shown that compound production in heterologous hosts is often challenging, and many BGC recipients initially produce small amounts of compound or show reduced growth rates. To assess whether transfer of BGCs between closely related Staphylococcus aureus strains can be instantly effective or requires elaborate metabolic adaptation, we investigated the intraspecies transfer of a BGC encoding the ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptide (RiPP) micrococcin P1 (MP1). We found that acquisition of the BGC by S. aureus RN4220 enabled immediate MP1 production but also imposed a metabolic burden, which was relieved after prolonged cultivation by adaptive mutation. We used a multiomics approach to study this phenomenon and found adaptive evolution to select for strains with increased activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which enhanced metabolic fitness and levels of compound production. Metabolome analysis revealed increases of central metabolites, including citrate and α-ketoglutarate in the adapted strain, suggesting metabolic adaptation to overcome the BGC-associated growth defects. Our results indicate that BGC acquisition requires genetic and metabolic predispositions, allowing the integration of bacteriocin production into the cellular metabolism. Inappropriate metabolic characteristics of recipients can entail physiological burdens, negatively impacting the competitive fitness of recipients within natural bacterial communities. IMPORTANCE Human microbiomes are critically associated with human health and disease. Importantly, pathogenic bacteria can hide in human-associated communities and can cause disease when the composition of the community becomes unbalanced. Bacteriocin-producing commensals are able to displace pathogens from microbial communities, suggesting that their targeted introduction into human microbiomes might prevent pathogen colonization and infection. However, to develop probiotic approaches, strains are needed that produce high levels of bioactive compounds and retain cellular fitness within mixed bacterial communities. Our work offers insights into the metabolic burdens associated with the production of the bacteriocin micrococcin P1 and highlights evolutionary strategies that increase cellular fitness in the context of production. Metabolic adaptations are most likely broadly relevant for bacteriocin producers and need to be considered for the future development of effective microbiome editing strategies.
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3
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Nosiheptide Harbors Potent In Vitro and Intracellular Inhbitory Activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0144422. [PMID: 36222690 PMCID: PMC9769715 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01444-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is often associated with poor clinical outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the potential of nosiheptide (NOS) as a new drug candidate for treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, including MDR-TB. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to determine the MICs of NOS against 18 reference strains of slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) and 128 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. The postantibiotic effects (PAE) and interaction with other antituberculosis drugs of NOS were also evaluated using M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Fifteen out of the 18 tested reference strains of SGM had MICs far below 1 μg/mL. From the 128 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, the MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.25 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL, respectively; the tentative epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) was defined at 1 μg/mL. Furthermore, a Lys89Thr mutation was found in one M. tuberculosis isolate with a MIC of NOS >8 μg/mL. After 24 h of incubation, NOS at 1 μg/mL inhibited 25.79 ± 1.22% of intracellular bacterial growth, which was comparable with the inhibitory rate of 25.71 ± 3.67% achieved by rifampin at 2 μg/mL. Compared to rifampicin and isoniazid (INH), NOS had a much longer PAE, i.e., a value of about 16 days. In addition, a partial synergy between NOS and INH was observed. NOS has potent inhibitory activities against M. tuberculosis in vitro as well as in macrophages. Furthermore, the long PAE and partial synergistic effect with INH, in addition to the added safety of long-term use as a feed additive in husbandry, provide support for NOS being a promising drug candidate for tuberculosis treatment. IMPORTANCE This study is aimed at chemotherapy for MDR-TB, mainly to explore the anti-TB activity of the existing chemotherapeutic reagent. We found that NOS has potent inhibitory activities against M. tuberculosis in vitro regardless of the drug-resistant profile. Furthermore, NOS also showed the long PAE and partial synergistic effect with INH and is nontoxic, providing support for its promise as a drug candidate for drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment.
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4
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Ovchinnikov KV, Kranjec C, Thorstensen T, Carlsen H, Diep DB. Bacteriocins Revitalize Non-Effective Penicillin G to Overcome Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121691. [PMID: 36551348 PMCID: PMC9774949 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is among the biggest challenges in human and veterinary medicine. One of the major factors that contributes to resistance is use of frontline clinical antibiotics in veterinary practices. To avoid this problem, searching for antimicrobials aimed at veterinary applications is becoming especially important. Thiopeptide micrococcin P1 and leaderless peptide EntEJ97s are two different bacteriocins that are very active against many gram-positive bacteria; however, sensitive bacteria can rapidly develop resistance towards those bacteriocins. To overcome this problem, we searched for synergy between those bacteriocins and conventional antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP): a common pathogen in animal skin infections. The two bacteriocins acted synergistically with each other and with penicillin G against MRSP clinical isolates in both planktonic and biofilm assays; they also prevented resistance development. The therapeutic potential was further validated in a murine skin infection model that showed that a combination of micrococcin P1, EntEJ97s and penicillin G reduced cell-forming units of MRSP by 2-log10 CFU/g. Taken together, our data show that a combination of bacteriocins with conventional antibiotics can not only prevent resistance development but also pave the way to revitalize some old, less useful antibiotics, such as penicillin, which by itself has no effect on methicillin-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Ovchinnikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Christian Kranjec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Tage Thorstensen
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1431 Ås, Norway
- AgriBiotix AS, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Harald Carlsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Dzung B. Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
- Correspondence:
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5
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Son YJ, Kim YR, Oh SH, Jung S, Ciufolini MA, Hwang HJ, Kwak JH, Pai H. Micrococcin P2 Targets Clostridioides difficile. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1928-1935. [PMID: 35816693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection is a global public health threat. Extensive in vitro assays using clinical isolates have identified micrococcin P2 (MP2, 1) as a particularly effective anti-C. difficile agent. MP2 possesses a mode of action that differs from other antibiotics and pharmacokinetic properties that render it especially promising. Its time-kill studies have been investigated using hypervirulent C. difficile ribotype 027. DSS (dextran sulfate sodium)-induced in vivo mouse studies with that strain indicate that 1 is better than vancomycin and fidaxomicin. Thus, micrococcin P2 is a valuable platform to be exploited for the development of new anti-C. difficile antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Son
- A&J Science Co., Ltd., 80 Chumbok Road, Dong Gu, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak Road, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rok Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, 558 Handong Road, Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu, Pohang, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Oh
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, 558 Handong Road, Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu, Pohang, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungji Jung
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, 558 Handong Road, Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu, Pohang, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Marco A Ciufolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6K 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hee-Jong Hwang
- A&J Science Co., Ltd., 80 Chumbok Road, Dong Gu, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Kwak
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, 558 Handong Road, Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu, Pohang, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Pai
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni Road, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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6
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Hwang HJ, Son YJ, Kim D, Lee J, Shin YJ, Kwon Y, Ciufolini MA. Diversity-oriented routes to thiopeptide antibiotics: total synthesis and biological evaluation of micrococcin P2. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1893-1899. [PMID: 34908070 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the first total synthesis of micrococcin P2 (MP2, 1) by a diversity-oriented route that incorporates a number of refinements relative to earlier syntheses. Biological data regarding the activity of 1 against a range of human pathogens are also provided. Furthermore, we disclose a chemical property of MP2 that greatly facilitates medicinal chemistry work in the micrococcin area and describe a method to obtain MP2 by fermentation in B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jong Hwang
- A&J Science Co., Ltd, 80 Chumbok Ro, Dong Gu, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6 K 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Young-Jin Son
- A&J Science Co., Ltd, 80 Chumbok Ro, Dong Gu, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Kim
- A&J Science Co., Ltd, 80 Chumbok Ro, Dong Gu, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jusuk Lee
- A&J Science Co., Ltd, 80 Chumbok Ro, Dong Gu, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Jeong Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Marco A Ciufolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6 K 1Z1, Canada.
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7
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Ye F, Haniff HS, Suresh BM, Yang D, Zhang P, Crynen G, Teijaro CN, Yan W, Abegg D, Adibekian A, Shen B, Disney MD. Rational Approach to Identify RNA Targets of Natural Products Enables Identification of Nocathiacin as an Inhibitor of an Oncogenic RNA. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:474-482. [PMID: 35044149 PMCID: PMC9594101 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of biofunctional natural products (NPs) has relied on the phenotypic screening of extracts and subsequent laborious work to dereplicate active NPs and define cellular targets. Herein, NPs present as crude extracts, partially purified fractions, and pure compounds were screened directly against molecular target libraries of RNA structural motifs in a library-versus-library fashion. We identified 21 hits with affinity for RNA, including one pure NP, nocathiacin I (NOC-I). The resultant data set of NOC-I-RNA fold interactions was mapped to the human transcriptome to define potential bioactive interactions. Interestingly, one of NOC-I's most preferred RNA folds is present in the nuclease processing site in the oncogenic, noncoding microRNA-18a, which NOC-I binds with low micromolar affinity. This affinity for the RNA translates into the selective inhibition of its nuclease processing in vitro and in prostate cancer cells, in which NOC-I also triggers apoptosis. In principle, adaptation of this combination of experimental and predictive approaches to dereplicate NPs from the other hits (extracts and partially purified fractions) could fundamentally transform the current paradigm and accelerate the discovery of NPs that bind RNA and their simultaneous correlation to biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Hafeez S. Haniff
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Blessy M. Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States; Natural Products Discovery Center at Scripps Research, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Peiyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Gogce Crynen
- Bioinformatics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Christiana N. Teijaro
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States; Natural Products Discovery Center at Scripps Research, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Matthew D. Disney
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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Bailly C. The bacterial thiopeptide thiostrepton. An update of its mode of action, pharmacological properties and applications. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174661. [PMID: 34863996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial thiopeptide thiostrepton (TS) is used as a veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections. TS is a protein translation inhibitor, essentially active against Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria. In procaryotes, TS abrogates binding of GTPase elongation factors to the 70S ribosome, by altering the structure of rRNA-L11 protein complexes. TS exerts also antimalarial effects by disrupting protein synthesis in the apicoplast genome of Plasmodium falciparum. Interestingly, the drug targets both the infectious pathogen (bacteria or parasite) and host cell, by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy which contributes to enhance the host cell defense. In addition, TS has been characterized as a potent chemical inhibitor of the oncogenic transcription factor FoxM1, frequently overexpressed in cancers or other diseases. The capacity of TS to crosslink FoxM1, and a few other proteins such as peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) and the 19S proteasome, contributes to the anticancer effects of the thiopeptide. The anticancer activities of TS evidenced using diverse tumor cell lines, in vivo models and drug combinations are reviewed here, together with the implicated targets and mechanisms. The difficulty to formulate TS is a drag on the pharmaceutical development of the natural product. However, the design of hemisynthetic analogues and the use of micellar drug delivery systems should facilitate a broader utilization of the compound in human and veterinary medicines. This review shed light on the many pharmacological properties of TS, with the objective to promote its use as a pharmacological tool and medicinal product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, Lille, Wasquehal, 59290, France.
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9
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Chan DCK, Burrows LL. Thiocillin and micrococcin exploit the ferrioxamine receptor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for uptake. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:2029-2039. [PMID: 33907816 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiopeptides are a class of antibiotics that are active against Gram-positive bacteria and inhibit translation. They were considered inactive against Gram-negative bacteria due to their inability to cross the outer membrane. However, we discovered previously that a member of this class, thiostrepton (TS), has activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii under iron-limiting conditions. TS hijacks the pyoverdine siderophore receptors of P. aeruginosa to cross the outer membrane and synergizes with iron chelators. OBJECTIVES To test other thiopeptides for antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and determine their mechanism of uptake, action and spectrum of activity. METHODS Eight thiopeptides were screened in chequerboard assays against a mutant of P. aeruginosa PA14 lacking both pyoverdine receptors. Thiopeptides that retain activity against a pyoverdine receptor-null mutant may use alternative siderophore receptors for entry. Susceptibility testing against siderophore receptor mutants was used to determine thiopeptide mechanism of uptake. RESULTS The thiopeptides thiocillin (TC) and micrococcin (MC) use the ferrioxamine siderophore receptor (FoxA) for uptake and inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa at low micromolar concentrations. The activity of TC required the TonB-ExbBD system used to energize siderophore uptake. TC acted through its canonical mechanism of action of translation inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Multiple thiopeptides have antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa, countering the historical assumption that they cannot cross the outer membrane. These results demonstrate the potential for thiopeptides to act as antipseudomonal antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C K Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster Children's Hospital, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Lori L Burrows
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster Children's Hospital, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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10
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Ovchinnikov KV, Kranjec C, Telke A, Kjos M, Thorstensen T, Scherer S, Carlsen H, Diep DB. A Strong Synergy Between the Thiopeptide Bacteriocin Micrococcin P1 and Rifampicin Against MRSA in a Murine Skin Infection Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676534. [PMID: 34276663 PMCID: PMC8284338 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens have become a serious threat worldwide. One of these pathogens is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections. In this study we identified a strain of Staphylococcus equorum producing a substance with high antimicrobial activity against many Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA. By mass spectrometry and whole genome sequencing the antimicrobial substance was identified as the thiopeptide bacteriocin micrococcin P1 (MP1). Based on its properties we developed a one-step purification protocol resulting in high yield (15 mg/L) and high purity (98%) of MP1. For shorter incubation times (5-7 h) MP1 was very potent against MRSA but the inhibitory effect was overshadowed by resistance development during longer incubation time (24h or more). To overcome this problem a synergy study was performed with a number of commercially available antibiotics. Among the antibiotics tested, the combination of MP1 and rifampicin gave the best synergistic effect, with MIC values 25 and 60 times lower than for the individual drugs, respectively. To assess the therapeutic potential of the MP1-rifampicin combination, we used a murine skin infection model based on the use of the multidrug-resistant luciferase-tagged MRSA strain Xen31. As expected, neither of the single antimicrobials (MP1 or rifampicin) could eradicate Xen31 from the wounds. By contrary, the MP1-rifampicin combination was efficient not only to eradicate but also to prevent the recurrence of Xen31 infection. Furthermore, compared to fucidin cream, which is commonly used in skin infection treatments, MP1-rifampicin combination was superior in terms of preventing resistance development. Our results show that combining MP1, and probably other thiopeptides, with antibiotics can be a promising strategy to treat SSTIs caused by MRSA and likely many other Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Ovchinnikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christian Kranjec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Amar Telke
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Kjos
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Siegfried Scherer
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Carlsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Dzung B Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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11
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He M, Wang Y, Huang S, Zhao N, Cheng M, Zhang X. Computational exploration of natural peptides targeting ACE2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8018-8029. [PMID: 33826484 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1905555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between the SARS-COV-2 (2019 novel coronavirus) spike protein and ACE2 receptors expressed on cellular surfaces initialises viral attachment and consequent infection. Blocking this interaction shows promise for blocking or ameliorating the virus' pathological effects on the body. By contrast to work focusing on the coronavirus, which has significant potential diversity through possible accumulation of mutations during transmission, targeting the conserved ACE2 protein expressed on human cells offers an attractive alternative route to developing pharmacological prophylactics against viral invasion. In this study, we screened a virtual database of natural peptides in silico, with ACE2 as the target, and performed structural analyses of the interface region in the SARS-COV-2 RBD/ACE2 complex. These analyses have identified 15 potentially effective compounds. Analyses of ACE2/polypeptide interactions suggest that these peptides can block viral invasion of cells by stably binding in the ACE2 active site pocket. Molecular simulation results for Complestatin and Valinomycin indicate that they may share this mechanism. The discovery of this probable binding mechanism provides a frame of reference for further optimization, and design of high affinity ACE2 inhibitors that could serve as leads for production of drugs with preventive and therapeutic effects against SARS-COV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixi He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences of Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences of Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences of Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences of Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
| | - Mengchun Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences of Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences of Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China.,Partner Group of Max Planck Society, Dalian, China
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12
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Slozhenkina M, Gorlov I, Miroshnik A, Nikolaev D. Influence of the innovative prebiotic complex on physiological state of pigs and quality indicators of pork. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213204004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the use of antibiotic therapy in pig breeding and offered an alternative to them in the form of prebiotic supplements. Studies were conducted on the effect of probiotic drugs on the body of large white pigs in the farm-breeding plant Named after Lenin of Surovikinsky District of Volgograd Region and lasted until 180 days of age. For the experiment, 2 groups of Large White piglets of 2 months of age were formed. Each experimental group consisted of 15 pigs. Animals of the control group received standart farm animal diet (SD), analogs of the first experimental group SD + mixture of dietary supplements “LactuVet-1” and “Chlorelact” at a dosage of 0.2 mg / kg of live weight each. Deep studies were conducted on the effect of probiotic supplements to live weight gain, natural resistance, immunoglobulin reactivity, and slaughter indicators of piglets. Superiority of pigs from the experimental group in almost all the studied indicators over the peers of the control group was established.
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13
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Zhang E, Guo H, Chen D, Yang Q, Fan Y, Yin Y, Wang W, Chen D, Wang S, Liu W. Mutational biosynthesis to generate novel analogs of nosiheptide featuring a fluorinated indolic acid moiety. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4051-4055. [PMID: 32412572 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nosiheptide (NOS) is a member of bicyclic thiopeptides possessing a biologically important indolic acid (IA) moiety appended onto the family-characteristic core system. The IA formation relies primarily on NosL, a radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) protein that catalyzes a complex rearrangement of the carbon side chain of l-tryptophan, leading to the generation of 3-methyl-2-indolic acid (MIA). Here, we establish an efficient mutational biosynthesis strategy for the structural expansion of the side-ring system of NOS. The nosL-deficient mutant Streptomyces actuosus SL4005 complemented by chemically feeding 6-fluoro-MIA is capable of accumulating two new products. The target product 6'-fluoro-NOS contains an additional fluorine atom at C6 of the IA moiety, in contrast with an unexpected product 6'-fluoro-NOSint that features an open side ring and a bis-dehydroalanine (Dha) tail. The newly obtained 6'-fluoro-NOS displayed equivalent or slightly reduced activities against the tested drug-resistant pathogens compared with NOS, but dramatically decreased water solubility compared with NOS. Our results indicate that the modification of the IA moiety of NOS not only affects its biological activity but also affects its activity which will be key considerations for further modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China.
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14
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Du Y, Qiu Y, Meng X, Feng J, Tao J, Liu W. A Heterotrimeric Dehydrogenase Complex Functions with 2 Distinct YcaO Proteins to Install 5 Azole Heterocycles into 35-Membered Sulfomycin Thiopeptides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8454-8463. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junyin Feng
- Huzhou Center of Bio-Synthetic Innovation, 1366 Hongfeng Road, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jiang Tao
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Huzhou Center of Bio-Synthetic Innovation, 1366 Hongfeng Road, Huzhou 313000, China
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15
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Kim TH, Hanh BTB, Kim G, Lee DG, Park JW, Lee SE, Kim JS, Kim BS, Ryoo S, Jo EK, Jang J. Thiostrepton: A Novel Therapeutic Drug Candidate for Mycobacterium abscessus Infection. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244511. [PMID: 31835481 PMCID: PMC6943738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapid-growing, multidrug-resistant, non-tuberculous mycobacterial species responsible for a variety of human infections, such as cutaneous and pulmonary infections. M. abscessus infections are very difficult to eradicate due to the natural and acquired multidrug resistance profiles of M. abscessus. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of effective drugs or regimens against M. abscessus infections. Here, we report the activity of a US Food and Drug Administration approved drug, thiostrepton, against M. abscessus. We found that thiostrepton significantly inhibited the growth of M. abscessus wild-type strains, subspecies, clinical isolates, and drug-resistant mutants in vitro and in macrophages. In addition, treatment of macrophages with thiostrepton significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokine production in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting an inhibitory effect of thiostrepton on inflammation induced during M. abscessus infection. We further showed that thiostrepton exhibits antimicrobial effects in vivo using a zebrafish model of M. abscessus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Ho Kim
- Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotics, Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Bui Thi Bich Hanh
- Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotics, Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Guehye Kim
- Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotics, Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Da-Gyum Lee
- Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotics, Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Clinical Research Centre, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital, Changwon 51755, Korea
| | - June-Woo Park
- Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Korea
- Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - So Eui Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea (E.-K.J.)
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Sungweon Ryoo
- Clinical Research Centre, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital, Changwon 51755, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea (E.-K.J.)
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jichan Jang
- Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotics, Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-553-772-1368
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16
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Thiostrepton Hijacks Pyoverdine Receptors To Inhibit Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00472-19. [PMID: 31262758 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00472-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a biofilm-forming opportunistic pathogen and is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. In a high-throughput screen for molecules that modulate biofilm formation, we discovered that the thiopeptide antibiotic thiostrepton (TS), which is considered to be inactive against Gram-negative bacteria, stimulated P. aeruginosa biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. This phenotype is characteristic of exposure to antimicrobial compounds at subinhibitory concentrations, suggesting that TS was active against P. aeruginosa Supporting this observation, TS inhibited the growth of a panel of 96 multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa clinical isolates at low-micromolar concentrations. TS also had activity against Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. The expression of Tsr, a 23S rRNA-modifying methyltransferase from TS producer Streptomyces azureus, in trans conferred TS resistance, confirming that the drug acted via its canonical mode of action, inhibition of ribosome function. The deletion of oligopeptide permease systems used by other peptide antibiotics for uptake failed to confer TS resistance. TS susceptibility was inversely proportional to iron availability, suggesting that TS exploits uptake pathways whose expression is increased under iron starvation. Consistent with this finding, TS activity against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii was potentiated by the FDA-approved iron chelators deferiprone and deferasirox and by heat-inactivated serum. Screening of P. aeruginosa mutants for TS resistance revealed that it exploits pyoverdine receptors FpvA and FpvB to cross the outer membrane. We show that the biofilm stimulation phenotype can reveal cryptic subinhibitory antibiotic activity, and that TS has activity against select multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens under iron-limited growth conditions, similar to those encountered at sites of infection.
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17
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Kudrin P, Dzhygyr I, Ishiguro K, Beljantseva J, Maksimova E, Oliveira SRA, Varik V, Payoe R, Konevega AL, Tenson T, Suzuki T, Hauryliuk V. The ribosomal A-site finger is crucial for binding and activation of the stringent factor RelA. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:1973-1983. [PMID: 29390134 PMCID: PMC5829649 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
During amino acid starvation the Escherichia coli stringent response factor RelA recognizes deacylated tRNA in the ribosomal A-site. This interaction activates RelA-mediated synthesis of alarmone nucleotides pppGpp and ppGpp, collectively referred to as (p)ppGpp. These two alarmones are synthesized by addition of a pyrophosphate moiety to the 3' position of the abundant cellular nucleotide GTP and less abundant nucleotide GDP, respectively. Using untagged native RelA we show that allosteric activation of RelA by pppGpp increases the efficiency of GDP conversion to achieve the maximum rate of (p)ppGpp production. Using a panel of ribosomal RNA mutants, we show that the A-site finger structural element of 23S rRNA helix 38 is crucial for RelA binding to the ribosome and consequent activation, and deletion of the element severely compromises (p)ppGpp accumulation in E. coli upon amino acid starvation. Through binding assays and enzymology, we show that E. coli RelA does not form a stable complex with, and is not activated by, deacylated tRNA off the ribosome. This indicates that in the cell, RelA first binds the empty A-site and then recruits tRNA rather than first binding tRNA and then binding the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kudrin
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ievgen Dzhygyr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Building 6K, 6L, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Building 6K and 6L, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kensuke Ishiguro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jelena Beljantseva
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elena Maksimova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina 188300, Russia.,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | | | - Vallo Varik
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roshani Payoe
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrey L Konevega
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina 188300, Russia.,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russia.,National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Tanel Tenson
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tsutomu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Vasili Hauryliuk
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Building 6K, 6L, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Building 6K and 6L, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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18
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Qiu Y, Du Y, Wang S, Zhou S, Guo Y, Liu W. Radical S-Adenosylmethionine Protein NosN Forms the Side Ring System of Nosiheptide by Functionalizing the Polythiazolyl Peptide S-Conjugated Indolic Moiety. Org Lett 2019; 21:1502-1505. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuaixiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Huzhou Center of Bio-Synthetic Innovation, 1366 Hongfeng Road, Huzhou 313000, China
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19
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Ghosh C, Sarkar P, Issa R, Haldar J. Alternatives to Conventional Antibiotics in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:323-338. [PMID: 30683453 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As more antibiotics are rendered ineffective by drug-resistant bacteria, focus must be shifted towards alternative therapies for treating infections. Although several alternatives already exist in nature, the challenge is to implement them in clinical use. Advancements within biotechnology, genetic engineering, and synthetic chemistry have opened up new avenues towards the search for therapies that can substitute for antibiotics. This review provides an introduction to the various promising approaches that have been adopted in this regard. Whilst the use of bacteriophages and antibodies has been partly implemented, other promising strategies, such as probiotics, lysins, and antimicrobial peptides, are in various stages of development. Propitious concepts such as genetically modified phages, antibacterial oligonucleotides, and CRISPR-Cas9 are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandradhish Ghosh
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Paramita Sarkar
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Rahaf Issa
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jayanta Haldar
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India.
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20
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Wang J, Lin Z, Bai X, Tao J, Liu W. Optimal design of thiostrepton-derived thiopeptide antibiotics and their potential application against oral pathogens. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new fluorinated thiostrepton-type thiopeptide antibiotic was designed and biosynthesized by using a biological approach with synthetic advantages. Related bioassays indicated that thiostrepton and its derivatives hold potential in oral pathogen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of General Dentistry
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai 200011
| | - Zhi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence on Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Xuebing Bai
- Department of General Dentistry
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai 200011
| | - Jiang Tao
- Department of General Dentistry
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai 200011
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence on Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
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21
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Ogawara H. Comparison of Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance: Learning from Various Kingdoms. Molecules 2018; 23:E1476. [PMID: 29912169 PMCID: PMC6100412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance, especially antibiotic resistance, is a growing threat to human health. To overcome this problem, it is significant to know precisely the mechanisms of drug resistance and/or self-resistance in various kingdoms, from bacteria through plants to animals, once more. This review compares the molecular mechanisms of the resistance against phycotoxins, toxins from marine and terrestrial animals, plants and fungi, and antibiotics. The results reveal that each kingdom possesses the characteristic features. The main mechanisms in each kingdom are transporters/efflux pumps in phycotoxins, mutation and modification of targets and sequestration in marine and terrestrial animal toxins, ABC transporters and sequestration in plant toxins, transporters in fungal toxins, and various or mixed mechanisms in antibiotics. Antibiotic producers in particular make tremendous efforts for avoiding suicide, and are more flexible and adaptable to the changes of environments. With these features in mind, potential alternative strategies to overcome these resistance problems are discussed. This paper will provide clues for solving the issues of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ogawara
- HO Bio Institute, Yushima-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio-2, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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22
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Polikanov YS, Aleksashin NA, Beckert B, Wilson DN. The Mechanisms of Action of Ribosome-Targeting Peptide Antibiotics. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:48. [PMID: 29868608 PMCID: PMC5960728 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ribosome is one of the major targets in the cell for clinically used antibiotics. However, the increase in multidrug resistant bacteria is rapidly reducing the effectiveness of our current arsenal of ribosome-targeting antibiotics, highlighting the need for the discovery of compounds with new scaffolds that bind to novel sites on the ribosome. One possible avenue for the development of new antimicrobial agents is by characterization and optimization of ribosome-targeting peptide antibiotics. Biochemical and structural data on ribosome-targeting peptide antibiotics illustrates the large diversity of scaffolds, binding interactions with the ribosome as well as mechanism of action to inhibit translation. The availability of high-resolution structures of ribosomes in complex with peptide antibiotics opens the way to structure-based design of these compounds as novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury S Polikanov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nikolay A Aleksashin
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bertrand Beckert
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel N Wilson
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Zheng Q, Fang H, Liu W. Post-translational modifications involved in the biosynthesis of thiopeptide antibiotics. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:3376-3390. [PMID: 28358161 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00466d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiopeptide antibiotics are a class of typical ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) with complex chemical structures that are difficult to construct via chemical synthesis. To date, more than 100 thiopeptides have been discovered, and most of these compounds exhibit remarkable biological activities, such as antibacterial, antitumor and immunosuppressive activities. Therefore, studies of the biosynthesis of thiopeptides can contribute to the development of new drug leads and facilitate the understanding of the complex post-translational modifications (PTMs) of peptides and/or proteins. Since the biosynthetic gene clusters of thiopeptides were first discovered in 2009, several research studies regarding the biochemistry and enzymology of thiopeptide biosyntheses have been reported, indicating that their characteristic framework is constructed via a cascade of common PTMs and that additional specific PTMs diversify the molecules. In this review, we primarily summarize recent advances in understanding the biosynthesis of thiopeptide antibiotics and propose some potential applications based on our insights into the biosynthetic logic and machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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24
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Park S, Foote PK, Krist DT, Rice SE, Statsyuk AV. UbMES and UbFluor: Novel probes for ring-between-ring (RBR) E3 ubiquitin ligase PARKIN. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16539-16553. [PMID: 28710279 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring-between-ring (RBR) E3 ligases have been implicated in autoimmune disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The functions of many RBR E3s are poorly defined, and their regulation is complex, involving post-translational modifications and allosteric regulation with other protein partners. The functional complexity of RBRs, coupled with the complexity of the native ubiquitination reaction that requires ATP and E1 and E2 enzymes, makes it difficult to study these ligases for basic research and therapeutic purposes. To address this challenge, we developed novel chemical probes, ubiquitin C-terminal fluorescein thioesters UbMES and UbFluor, to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the activity of the RBR E3 ligase PARKIN in a simple experimental setup and in real time using fluorescence polarization. First, we confirmed that PARKIN does not require an E2 enzyme for substrate ubiquitination, lysine selection, and polyubiquitin chain formation. Second, we confirmed that UbFluor quantitatively detects naturally occurring activation states of PARKIN caused by Ser65 phosphorylation (pPARKIN) and phosphorylated ubiquitin (pUb). Third, we showed that both pUb and the ubiquitin-accepting substrate contribute to maximal pPARKIN ubiquitin conjugation turnover. pUb enhances the transthiolation step, whereas the substrate clears the pPARKIN∼Ub thioester intermediate. Finally, we established that UbFluor can quantify activation or inhibition of PARKIN by structural mutations. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using UbFluor for quantitative studies of the biochemistry of RBR E3s and for high-throughput screening of small-molecule activators or inhibitors of PARKIN and other RBR E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Peter K Foote
- the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and
| | - David T Krist
- the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and
| | - Sarah E Rice
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Alexander V Statsyuk
- the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and .,the Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5037
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25
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Lin Z, He Q, Liu W. Bio-inspired engineering of thiopeptide antibiotics advances the expansion of molecular diversity and utility. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 48:210-219. [PMID: 28672170 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thiopeptide antibiotics, which are a class of sulfur-rich and highly modified peptide natural products, exhibit a wide variety of important biological properties. These antibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and arise from post-translational modifications, exemplifying a process through which nature develops the structural complexity from Ser/Thr and Cys-rich precursor peptides. Following a brief review of the knowledge gained from nature in terms of the formation of a common thiopeptide scaffold and its specialization to individual members, we highlight the significance of bio-inspired engineering, which has greatly expanded the molecular diversity and utility of thiopeptide antibiotics regarding the search for clinically useful agents, investigation into new mechanisms of action and access to typically 'inaccessible' biosynthetic processes over the past two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Huzhou Center of Bio-Synthetic Innovation, 1366 Hongfeng Road, Huzhou 313000, China.
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26
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Subinhibitory Concentrations of Bacteriostatic Antibiotics Induce relA-Dependent and relA-Independent Tolerance to β-Lactams. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02173-16. [PMID: 28115345 PMCID: PMC5365698 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02173-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide (p)ppGpp is a key regulator of bacterial metabolism, growth, stress tolerance, and virulence. During amino acid starvation, the Escherichia coli (p)ppGpp synthetase RelA is activated by deacylated tRNA in the ribosomal A-site. An increase in (p)ppGpp is believed to drive the formation of antibiotic-tolerant persister cells, prompting the development of strategies to inhibit (p)ppGpp synthesis. We show that in a biochemical system from purified E. coli components, the antibiotic thiostrepton efficiently inhibits RelA activation by the A-site tRNA. In bacterial cultures, the ribosomal inhibitors thiostrepton, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline all efficiently abolish accumulation of (p)ppGpp induced by the Ile-tRNA synthetase inhibitor mupirocin. This abolishment, however, does not reduce the persister level. In contrast, the combination of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor trimethoprim with mupirocin, tetracycline, or chloramphenicol leads to ampicillin tolerance. The effect is independent of RelA functionality, specific to β-lactams, and not observed with the fluoroquinolone norfloxacin. These results refine our understanding of (p)ppGpp's role in antibiotic tolerance and persistence and demonstrate unexpected drug interactions that lead to tolerance to bactericidal antibiotics.
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Burkhart BJ, Schwalen CJ, Mann G, Naismith JH, Mitchell DA. YcaO-Dependent Posttranslational Amide Activation: Biosynthesis, Structure, and Function. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5389-5456. [PMID: 28256131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With advances in sequencing technology, uncharacterized proteins and domains of unknown function (DUFs) are rapidly accumulating in sequence databases and offer an opportunity to discover new protein chemistry and reaction mechanisms. The focus of this review, the formerly enigmatic YcaO superfamily (DUF181), has been found to catalyze a unique phosphorylation of a ribosomal peptide backbone amide upon attack by different nucleophiles. Established nucleophiles are the side chains of Cys, Ser, and Thr which gives rise to azoline/azole biosynthesis in ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products. However, much remains unknown about the potential for YcaO proteins to collaborate with other nucleophiles. Recent work suggests potential in forming thioamides, macroamidines, and possibly additional post-translational modifications. This review covers all knowledge through mid-2016 regarding the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), natural products, functions, mechanisms, and applications of YcaO proteins and outlines likely future research directions for this protein superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Greg Mann
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews , BSRC North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - James H Naismith
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews , BSRC North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University , Sichuan, China
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An α/β-hydrolase fold protein in the biosynthesis of thiostrepton exhibits a dual activity for endopeptidyl hydrolysis and epoxide ring opening/macrocyclization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14318-14323. [PMID: 27911800 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612607113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiostrepton (TSR), an archetypal bimacrocyclic thiopeptide antibiotic that arises from complex posttranslational modifications of a genetically encoded precursor peptide, possesses a quinaldic acid (QA) moiety within the side-ring system of a thiopeptide-characteristic framework. Focusing on selective engineering of the QA moiety, i.e., by fluorination or methylation, we have recently designed and biosynthesized biologically more active TSR analogs. Using these analogs as chemical probes, we uncovered an unusual indirect mechanism of TSR-type thiopeptides, which are able to act against intracellular pathogens through host autophagy induction in addition to direct targeting of bacterial ribosome. Herein, we report the accumulation of 6'-fluoro-7', 8'-epoxy-TSR, a key intermediate in the preparation of the analog 6'-fluoro-TSR. This unexpected finding led to unveiling of the TSR maturation process, which involves an unusual dual activity of TsrI, an α/β-hydrolase fold protein, for cascade C-N bond cleavage and formation during side-ring system construction. These two functions of TsrI rely on the same catalytic triad, Ser72-His200-Asp191, which first mediates endopeptidyl hydrolysis that occurs selectively between the residues Met-1 and Ile1 for removal of the leader peptide and then triggers epoxide ring opening for closure of the QA-containing side-ring system in a regio- and stereo-specific manner. The former reaction likely requires the formation of an acyl-Ser72 enzyme intermediate; in contrast, the latter is independent of Ser72. Consequently, C-6' fluorination of QA lowers the reactivity of the epoxide intermediate and, thereby, allows the dissection of the TsrI-associated enzymatic process that proceeds rapidly and typically is difficult to be realized during TSR biosynthesis.
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Chen M, Liu J, Duan P, Li M, Liu W. Biosynthesis and molecular engineering of templated natural products. Natl Sci Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nww045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Bioactive small molecules that are produced by living organisms, often referred to as natural products (NPs), historically play a critical role in the context of both medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. How nature creates these chemical entities with stunning structural complexity and diversity using a limited range of simple substrates has not been fully understood. Focusing on two types of NPs that share a highly evolvable ‘template’-biosynthetic logic, we here provide specific examples to highlight the conceptual and technological leaps in NP biosynthesis and witness the area of progress since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The biosynthesis of polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides and their hybrids that share an assembly-line enzymology of modular multifunctional proteins exemplifies an extended ‘central dogma’ that correlates the genotype of catalysts with the chemotype of products; in parallel, post-translational modifications of ribosomally synthesized peptides involve a number of unusual biochemical mechanisms for molecular maturation. Understanding the biosynthetic processes of these templated NPs would largely facilitate the design, development and utilization of compatible biosynthetic machineries to address the challenge that often arises from structural complexity to the accessibility and efficiency of current chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Panpan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Huzhou Center of Bio-Synthetic Innovation, Huzhou 313000, China
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Degiacomi G, Personne Y, Mondésert G, Ge X, Mandava CS, Hartkoorn RC, Boldrin F, Goel P, Peisker K, Benjak A, Barrio MB, Ventura M, Brown AC, Leblanc V, Bauer A, Sanyal S, Cole ST, Lagrange S, Parish T, Manganelli R. Micrococcin P1 - A bactericidal thiopeptide active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 100:95-101. [PMID: 27553416 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The lack of proper treatment for serious infectious diseases due to the emergence of multidrug resistance reinforces the need for the discovery of novel antibiotics. This is particularly true for tuberculosis (TB) for which 3.7% of new cases and 20% of previously treated cases are estimated to be caused by multi-drug resistant strains. In addition, in the case of TB, which claimed 1.5 million lives in 2014, the treatment of the least complicated, drug sensitive cases is lengthy and disagreeable. Therefore, new drugs with novel targets are urgently needed to control resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. In this manuscript we report the characterization of the thiopeptide micrococcin P1 as an anti-tubercular agent. Our biochemical experiments show that this antibiotic inhibits the elongation step of protein synthesis in mycobacteria. We have further identified micrococcin resistant mutations in the ribosomal protein L11 (RplK); the mutations were located in the proline loop at the N-terminus. Reintroduction of the mutations into a clean genetic background, confirmed that they conferred resistance, while introduction of the wild type RplK allele into resistant strains re-established sensitivity. We also identified a mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. These data, in good agreement with previous structural studies suggest that also in M. tuberculosis micrococcin P1 functions by binding to the cleft between the 23S rRNA and the L11 protein loop, thus interfering with the binding of elongation factors Tu and G (EF-Tu and EF-G) and inhibiting protein translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Yoann Personne
- Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xueliang Ge
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ruben C Hartkoorn
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Boldrin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pavitra Goel
- Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Peisker
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrej Benjak
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcello Ventura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Amanda C Brown
- Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Armin Bauer
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Drug Disposition, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Suparna Sanyal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stewart T Cole
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Global Health Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Tanya Parish
- Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, United Kingdom
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Zheng Q, Wang Q, Wang S, Wu J, Gao Q, Liu W. Thiopeptide Antibiotics Exhibit a Dual Mode of Action against Intracellular Pathogens by Affecting Both Host and Microbe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang S, Zheng Q, Wang J, Zhao Z, Li Q, Yu Y, Wang R, Liu W. Target-oriented design and biosynthesis of thiostrepton-derived thiopeptide antibiotics with improved pharmaceutical properties. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00288a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two QA moiety-modified thiostrepton derivatives were obtained via a mutagenesis strategy based on a rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Qingfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital
- College of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Zhixiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Qingye Li
- Huzhou Center of Bio-Synthetic Innovation
- Huzhou 313000
- China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital
- College of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Renxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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Structural basis and dynamics of multidrug recognition in a minimal bacterial multidrug resistance system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E5498-507. [PMID: 25489067 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1412070111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TipA is a transcriptional regulator found in diverse bacteria. It constitutes a minimal autoregulated multidrug resistance system against numerous thiopeptide antibiotics. Here we report the structures of its drug-binding domain TipAS in complexes with promothiocin A and nosiheptide, and a model of the thiostrepton complex. Drug binding induces a large transition from a partially unfolded to a globin-like structure. The structures rationalize the mechanism of promiscuous, yet specific, drug recognition: (i) a four-ring motif present in all known TipA-inducing antibiotics is recognized specifically by conserved TipAS amino acids; and (ii) the variable part of the antibiotic is accommodated within a flexible cleft that rigidifies upon drug binding. Remarkably, the identified four-ring motif is also the major interacting part of the antibiotic with the ribosome. Hence the TipA multidrug resistance mechanism is directed against the same chemical motif that inhibits protein synthesis. The observed identity of chemical motifs responsible for antibiotic function and resistance may be a general principle and could help to better define new leads for antibiotics.
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34
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Wolf A, Schoof S, Baumann S, Arndt HD, Kirschner KN. Structure–activity relationships of thiostrepton derivatives: implications for rational drug design. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2014; 28:1205-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-014-9797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Zhou W, Liu X, Zhang P, Zhou P, Shi X. Effect analysis of mineral salt concentrations on nosiheptide production by Streptomyces actuosus Z-10 using response surface methodology. Molecules 2014; 19:15507-20. [PMID: 25264834 PMCID: PMC6270855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191015507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop an optimal combination of mineral salts in the fermentation medium for nosiheptide (Nsh) production using statistical methodologies. A Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to evaluate the impacts of eight mineral salts on Nsh production. The results showed that among the no-significant factors, CaCO3, and K2HPO4·3H2O had positive effects, whereas FeSO4·7H2O, CuSO4·5H2O, and ZnSO4·7H2O had negative effects on Nsh production. The other three significant factors (Na2SO4, MnSO4·H2O, and MgSO4·7H2O) were further optimized by using a five-level three-factor central composite design (CCD). Experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial model, which provided an effective way to determine the interactive effect of metal salts on Nsh production. The optimal values were determined to be 2.63, 0.21, and 3.37 g/L, respectively. The model also ensured a good fitting of scale-up Nsh batch fermentation with a maximum production of 1501 mg/L, representing a 1.56-fold increase compared to the original standard condition. All these results revealed that statistical optimization methodology had the potential to achieve comprehensive optimization in Nsh fermentation behaviors, which indicates a possibility to establish economical large-scale production of Nsh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xunlong Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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36
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Just-Baringo X, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Engineering von Thiopeptiden: ein multidisziplinärer Weg zu neuen Wirkstoffen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Just-Baringo X, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Thiopeptide engineering: a multidisciplinary effort towards future drugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6602-16. [PMID: 24861213 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of thiopeptide analogues of antibiotics has allowed some of the limitations inherent to these naturally occurring substances to be overcome. Chemical synthesis, semisynthetic derivatization, and engineering of the biosynthetic pathway have independently led to complementary modifications of various thiopeptides. Some of the new substances have displayed improved profiles, not only as antibiotics, but also as antiplasmodial and anticancer drugs. The design of novel molecules based on the thiopeptide scaffold appears to be the only strategy to exploit the high potential they have shown in vitro. Herein we present the most relevant achievements in the production of thiopeptide analogues and also discuss the way the different approaches might be combined in a multidisciplinary strategy to produce more sophisticated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Just-Baringo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona (Spain) http://www.pcb.ub.edu/fama/htm/home.htm; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 08028 Barcelona (Spain)
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38
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Metelev MV, Ghilarov DA. Structure, function, and biosynthesis of thiazole/oxazole-modified microcins. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893314010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Thiopeptide antibiotics: retrospective and recent advances. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:317-51. [PMID: 24445304 PMCID: PMC3917276 DOI: 10.3390/md12010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiopeptides, or thiazolyl peptides, are a relatively new family of antibiotics that already counts with more than one hundred different entities. Although they are mainly isolated from soil bacteria, during the last decade, new members have been isolated from marine samples. Far from being limited to their innate antibacterial activity, thiopeptides have been found to possess a wide range of biological properties, including anticancer, antiplasmodial, immunosuppressive, etc. In spite of their ribosomal origin, these highly posttranslationally processed peptides have posed a fascinating synthetic challenge, prompting the development of various methodologies and strategies. Regardless of their limited solubility, intensive investigations are bringing thiopeptide derivatives closer to the clinic, where they are likely to show their veritable therapeutic potential.
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Wang S, Zhou S, Liu W. Opportunities and challenges from current investigations into the biosynthetic logic of nosiheptide-represented thiopeptide antibiotics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:626-34. [PMID: 23838388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nosiheptide is an archetypal thiopeptide antibiotic, possessing a characteristic macrocyclic core that contains a 6-membered heterocycle central to multiple azol(in)es and dehydroamino acids. The discovery of the ribosomal origin of thiopeptides revealed a unifying theme, showing that the structural complexity arises from post-translational modifications (PTMs) of precursor peptides. Thiopeptide framework formation proceeds via cyclodehydration/dehydrogenation (for azol(in)es), dehydration (for dehydroamino acids), and cycloaddition (for the central heterocycle domain). This common process has not been reproduced in vitro, partly due to the poorly understood logic of thiopeptide biosynthetic pathways. Utilizing nosiheptide biosynthesis as a model system, we herein consider how nature coordinates a number of highly interwined, common and specific PTMs to accomplish the complexity of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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41
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Young TS, Dorrestein PC, Walsh CT. Codon randomization for rapid exploration of chemical space in thiopeptide antibiotic variants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:1600-10. [PMID: 23261603 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Thiopeptide antibiotics exhibit a profound level of chemical diversity that is installed through cascades of posttranslational modifications on ribosomal peptides. Here, we present a technique to rapidly explore the chemical space of the thiopeptide GE37468 through codon randomization, yielding insights into thiopeptide maturation as well as structure and activity relationships. In this incarnation of the methodology, we randomized seven residues of the prepeptide-coding region, enabling the generation of 133 potential thiopeptide variants. Variant libraries were subsequently queried in two ways. First, high-throughput MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was applied to colony-level expressions to sample mutants that permitted full maturation of the antibiotic. Second, the activity of producing mutants was detected in an antibiotic overlay assay. In total, 29 of the 133 variants produced mature compound, 12 of which retained antibiotic activity and 1 that had improved activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis S Young
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Armenise 608, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Debast SB, Bauer MP, Sanders IMJG, Wilcox MH, Kuijper EJ. Antimicrobial activity of LFF571 and three treatment agents against Clostridium difficile isolates collected for a pan-European survey in 2008: clinical and therapeutic implications. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:1305-11. [PMID: 23420839 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In November 2008, a study was performed with support from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) to obtain an overview of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) in European hospitals. A collection of 398 C. difficile isolates obtained from this hospital-based survey was utilized to identify antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common C. difficile PCR ribotypes across Europe. METHODS The MICs of three approved therapeutic agents (vancomycin, metronidazole and fidaxomicin) and LFF571 (a novel semi-synthetic thiopeptide antibiotic) were determined by the agar dilution method. RESULTS MICs of fidaxomicin and LFF571 were in general 2-4-fold lower than those of vancomycin and metronidazole. Isolates belonging to clade 2, including the hypervirulent ribotype 027, had one-dilution higher MIC50 and MIC90 values for fidaxomicin and metronidazole, whereas similar MIC values were observed for vancomycin and LFF571. Isolates belonging to C. difficile PCR ribotype 001 were more susceptible to fidaxomicin than other frequently found PCR ribotypes 014/020 and 078. Six isolates from three different countries had a metronidazole MIC of 2 mg/L. Four of the six isolates were characterized as PCR ribotype 001. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of in vitro resistance of C. difficile to any of the four agents tested. However, the results suggest type-specific differences in susceptibility for the treatment agents we investigated. Continuous surveillance of C. difficile isolates in Europe is needed to determine the possible clinical implications of ribotype-specific changes in susceptibility to therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia B Debast
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Zhou C, Sczepanski JT, Greenberg MM. Histone modification via rapid cleavage of C4'-oxidized abasic sites in nucleosome core particles. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5274-7. [PMID: 23531104 DOI: 10.1021/ja400915w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The C4'-oxidized abasic site is produced in DNA by a variety of oxidizing agents, including potent cytotoxic antitumor agents. Independent generation of this alkali-labile lesion at defined positions within nucleosome core particles reveals that the histone proteins increase strand scission between 130- and 550-fold. Strand scission proceeds via a Schiff base intermediate, but the DNA-protein cross-links are unstable. The oxidized abasic site is removed in its entirety from the DNA and transferred to the lysine-rich tail region of the proximal histone protein in the form of a lactam. The modification is distributed over several residues within the amino-terminal tail of the proximal histone. Transfer of DNA damage to histones could affect gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Abstract
Solutions are urgently required for the growing number of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Bacteriocins, which are antimicrobial peptides produced by certain bacteria, might warrant serious consideration as alternatives to traditional antibiotics. These molecules exhibit significant potency against other bacteria (including antibiotic-resistant strains), are stable and can have narrow or broad activity spectra. Bacteriocins can even be produced in situ in the gut by probiotic bacteria to combat intestinal infections. Although the application of specific bacteriocins might be curtailed by the development of resistance, an understanding of the mechanisms by which such resistance could emerge will enable researchers to develop strategies to minimize this potential problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
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45
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ThioFinder: a web-based tool for the identification of thiopeptide gene clusters in DNA sequences. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45878. [PMID: 23029291 PMCID: PMC3454323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiopeptides are a growing class of sulfur-rich, highly modified heterocyclic peptides that are mainly active against Gram-positive bacteria including various drug-resistant pathogens. Recent studies also reveal that many thiopeptides inhibit the proliferation of human cancer cells, further expanding their application potentials for clinical use. Thiopeptide biosynthesis shares a common paradigm, featuring a ribosomally synthesized precursor peptide and conserved posttranslational modifications, to afford a characteristic core system, but differs in tailoring to furnish individual members. Identification of new thiopeptide gene clusters, by taking advantage of increasing information of DNA sequences from bacteria, may facilitate new thiopeptide discovery and enrichment of the unique biosynthetic elements to produce novel drug leads by applying the principle of combinatorial biosynthesis. In this study, we have developed a web-based tool ThioFinder to rapidly identify thiopeptide biosynthetic gene cluster from DNA sequence using a profile Hidden Markov Model approach. Fifty-four new putative thiopeptide biosynthetic gene clusters were found in the sequenced bacterial genomes of previously unknown producing microorganisms. ThioFinder is fully supported by an open-access database ThioBase, which contains the sufficient information of the 99 known thiopeptides regarding the chemical structure, biological activity, producing organism, and biosynthetic gene (cluster) along with the associated genome if available. The ThioFinder website offers researchers a unique resource and great flexibility for sequence analysis of thiopeptide biosynthetic gene clusters. ThioFinder is freely available at http://db-mml.sjtu.edu.cn/ThioFinder/.
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Wolf A, Baumann S, Arndt HD, Kirschner KN. Influence of thiostrepton binding on the ribosomal GTPase associated region characterized by molecular dynamics simulation. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:7194-205. [PMID: 23107668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The thiostrepton antibiotic inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to a cleft formed by the ribosomal protein L11 and 23S's rRNA helices 43-44 on the 70S ribosome. It was proposed from crystal structures that the ligand restricts L11's N-terminal movement and thus prevents proper translation factor binding. An exact understanding of thiostrepton's impact on the binding site's dynamics at atomistic resolution is still missing. Here we report an all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of the binary L11·rRNA and the ternary L11·rRNA·thiostrepton complex (rRNA = helices 43-44). We demonstrate that thiostrepton directly impacts the binding site's atomic and biomacromolecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Wolf
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer-Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany
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Principal component and clustering analysis on molecular dynamics data of the ribosomal L11·23S subdomain. J Mol Model 2012; 19:539-49. [PMID: 22961589 PMCID: PMC3592554 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
With improvements in computer speed and algorithm efficiency, MD simulations are sampling larger amounts of molecular and biomolecular conformations. Being able to qualitatively and quantitatively sift these conformations into meaningful groups is a difficult and important task, especially when considering the structure-activity paradigm. Here we present a study that combines two popular techniques, principal component (PC) analysis and clustering, for revealing major conformational changes that occur in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Specifically, we explored how clustering different PC subspaces effects the resulting clusters versus clustering the complete trajectory data. As a case example, we used the trajectory data from an explicitly solvated simulation of a bacteria’s L11·23S ribosomal subdomain, which is a target of thiopeptide antibiotics. Clustering was performed, using K-means and average-linkage algorithms, on data involving the first two to the first five PC subspace dimensions. For the average-linkage algorithm we found that data-point membership, cluster shape, and cluster size depended on the selected PC subspace data. In contrast, K-means provided very consistent results regardless of the selected subspace. Since we present results on a single model system, generalization concerning the clustering of different PC subspaces of other molecular systems is currently premature. However, our hope is that this study illustrates a) the complexities in selecting the appropriate clustering algorithm, b) the complexities in interpreting and validating their results, and c) by combining PC analysis with subsequent clustering valuable dynamic and conformational information can be obtained.
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Enck S, Tremmel P, Eckhardt S, Marsch M, Geyer A. Stereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized thiopeptide thiazole fragments from uronic acid/cysteine condensation products: access to the core dipeptide of the thiazomycins and nocathiacins. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Hans-Dieter Arndt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Hans-Dieter Arndt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5994. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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