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Yano J, Kern J, Yachandra VK. Structure Function Studies of Photosystem II Using X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Annu Rev Biophys 2024; 53:343-365. [PMID: 39013027 PMCID: PMC11321711 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-071723-102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The structure and mechanism of the water-oxidation chemistry that occurs in photosystem II have been subjects of great interest. The advent of X-ray free electron lasers allowed the determination of structures of the stable intermediate states and of steps in the transitions between these intermediate states, bringing a new perspective to this field. The room-temperature structures collected as the photosynthetic water oxidation reaction proceeds in real time have provided important novel insights into the structural changes and the mechanism of the water oxidation reaction. The time-resolved measurements have also given us a view of how this reaction-which involves multielectron, multiproton processes-is facilitated by the interaction of the ligands and the protein residues in the oxygen-evolving complex. These structures have also provided a picture of the dynamics occurring in the channels within photosystem II that are involved in the transport of the substrate water to the catalytic center and protons to the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA; , ,
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA; , ,
| | - Vittal K Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA; , ,
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2
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Oliver N, Avramov AP, Nürnberg DJ, Dau H, Burnap RL. From manganese oxidation to water oxidation: assembly and evolution of the water-splitting complex in photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:107-133. [PMID: 35397059 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The manganese cluster of photosystem II has been the focus of intense research aiming to understand the mechanism of H2O-oxidation. Great effort has also been applied to investigating its oxidative photoassembly process, termed photoactivation that involves the light-driven incorporation of metal ions into the active Mn4CaO5 cluster. The knowledge gained on these topics has fundamental scientific significance, but may also provide the blueprints for the development of biomimetic devices capable of splitting water for solar energy applications. Accordingly, synthetic chemical approaches inspired by the native Mn cluster are actively being explored, for which the native catalyst is a useful benchmark. For both the natural and artificial catalysts, the assembly process of incorporating Mn ions into catalytically active Mn oxide complexes is an oxidative process. In both cases this process appears to share certain chemical features, such as producing an optimal fraction of open coordination sites on the metals to facilitate the binding of substrate water, as well as the involvement of alkali metals (e.g., Ca2+) to facilitate assembly and activate water-splitting catalysis. This review discusses the structure and formation of the metal cluster of the PSII H2O-oxidizing complex in the context of what is known about the formation and chemical properties of different Mn oxides. Additionally, the evolutionary origin of the Mn4CaO5 is considered in light of hypotheses that soluble Mn2+ was an ancient source of reductant for some early photosynthetic reaction centers ('photomanganotrophy'), and recent evidence that PSII can form Mn oxides with structural resemblance to the geologically abundant birnessite class of minerals. A new functional role for Ca2+ to facilitate sustained Mn2+ oxidation during photomanganotrophy is proposed, which may explain proposed physiological intermediates during the likely evolutionary transition from anoxygenic to oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Oliver
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton P Avramov
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Dennis J Nürnberg
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert L Burnap
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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3
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Kaminskaya OP, Shuvalov VA. Analysis of the transformation effect in cytochrome b559 of photosystem II in terms of the model of the heme-quinone redox interaction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:1161-1172. [PMID: 32314739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of three-component redox pattern of cytochrome (Cyt) b559 in PS II membrane fragments upon various treatments is manifested in decrease of the relative content (R) of the high potential (HP) redox form of Cyt b559 and concomitant increase in the fractions of the two lower potential forms. Redox titration of Cyt b559 in different types of PS II membrane preparations was performed and revealed that (1) alteration of redox titration curve of Cyt b559 upon treatment of a sample is not specific to the type of treatment; (2) each value of RHP defines the individual shape of the redox titration curve; (3) population of Cyt b559 may exist in several stable forms with multicomponent redox pattern: three types of three-component redox pattern and one type of two-component redox pattern as well as in the form with a single Em; (4) transformation of Cyt b559 proceeds as successive conversion between the stable forms with multicomponent redox pattern; (5) upon harsh treatments, Cyt b559 abruptly converts into the state with a single Em which value is intermediate between the Em values of the two lower potential forms. Analysis of the data using the model of Cyt b559-quinone redox interaction revealed that diminution of RHP in a range from 80 to 10% reflects a shift in redox equilibrium between the heme group of Cyt b559 and the interacting quinone, due to a gradual decrease of 90 mV in Em of the heme group at the virtually unchanged Em of the quinone component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P Kaminskaya
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | - Vladimir A Shuvalov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
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Alaimo AA, Alexandropoulos DI, Lampropoulos C, Stamatatos TC. New insights in Mn–Ca chemistry from the use of oximate-based ligands: {MnII/III22Ca2} and {MnIV2Ca2} complexes with relevance to both low- and high-valent states of the oxygen-evolving complex. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Amin M, Askerka M, Batista VS, Brudvig GW, Gunner MR. X-ray Free Electron Laser Radiation Damage through the S-State Cycle of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9382-9388. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b08371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Amin
- Center
for Photonics and Smart Materials, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh
Zayed District, 6th of October City, 12588 Giza, Egypt
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mikhail Askerka
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - M. R. Gunner
- Department
of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
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6
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Alaimo AA, Koumousi ES, Cunha-Silva L, McCormick LJ, Teat SJ, Psycharis V, Raptopoulou CP, Mukherjee S, Li C, Gupta SD, Escuer A, Christou G, Stamatatos TC. Structural Diversities in Heterometallic Mn–Ca Cluster Chemistry from the Use of Salicylhydroxamic Acid: {MnIII4Ca2}, {MnII/III6Ca2}, {MnIII/IV8Ca}, and {MnIII8Ca2} Complexes with Relevance to Both High- and Low-Valent States of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:10760-10774. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alysha A. Alaimo
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, L2S 3A1 St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Luís Cunha-Silva
- REQUIMTE-LAQV & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura J. McCormick
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vassilis Psycharis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| | - Catherine P. Raptopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| | - Shreya Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Chaoran Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Sayak Das Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Albert Escuer
- Departament
de Quimica Inorganica and Institut de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia
(IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - George Christou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Theocharis C. Stamatatos
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, L2S 3A1 St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Chernev P, Zaharieva I, Rossini E, Galstyan A, Dau H, Knapp EW. Merging Structural Information from X-ray Crystallography, Quantum Chemistry, and EXAFS Spectra: The Oxygen-Evolving Complex in PSII. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10899-10922. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petko Chernev
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivelina Zaharieva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuele Rossini
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Artur Galstyan
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ernst-Walter Knapp
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Semin BK, Davletshina LN, Rubin AB. Correlation between pH dependence of O2 evolution and sensitivity of Mn cations in the oxygen-evolving complex to exogenous reductants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:95-103. [PMID: 25975707 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Effects of pH, Ca(2+), and Cl(-) ions on the extraction of Mn cations from oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in Ca-depleted photosystem II (PSII(-Ca)) by exogenous reductants hydroquinone (H2Q) and H2O2 were studied. Two of 4 Mn cations are released by H2Q and H2O2 at pHs 5.7, 6.5, and 7.5, and their extraction does not depend on the presence of Ca(2+) and Cl(-) ions. One of Mn cations ("resistant" Mn cation) cannot be extracted by H2Q and H2O2 at any pH. Extraction of 4th Mn ion ("flexible" Mn cation) is sensitive to pH, Ca(2+), and Cl(-). This Mn cation is released by reductants at pH 6.5 but not at pHs 5.7 and 7.5. A pH dependence curve of the oxygen-evolving activity in PSII(-Ca) membranes (in the presence of exogenous Ca(2+)) has a bell-shaped form with the maximum at pH 6.5. Thus, the increase in the resistance of flexible Mn cation in OEC to the action of reductants at acidic and alkaline pHs coincides with the decrease in oxygen evolution activity at these pHs. Exogenous Ca(2+) protects the extraction of flexible Mn cation at pH 6.5. High concentration of Cl(-) anions (100 mM) shifts the pH optimum of oxygen evolution to alkaline region (around pH 7.5), while the pH of flexible Mn extraction is also shifted to alkaline pH. This result suggests that flexible Mn cation plays a key role in the water-splitting reaction. The obtained results also demonstrate that only one Mn cation in Mn4 cluster is under strong control of calcium. The change in the flexible Mn cation resistance to exogenous reductants in the presence of Ca(2+) suggests that Ca(2+) can control the redox potential of this cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris K Semin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia,
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9
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Krewald V, Retegan M, Cox N, Messinger J, Lubitz W, DeBeer S, Neese F, Pantazis DA. Metal oxidation states in biological water splitting. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1676-1695. [PMID: 29308133 PMCID: PMC5639794 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03720k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A central question in biological water splitting concerns the oxidation states of the manganese ions that comprise the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II.
A central question in biological water splitting concerns the oxidation states of the manganese ions that comprise the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. Understanding the nature and order of oxidation events that occur during the catalytic cycle of five Si states (i = 0–4) is of fundamental importance both for the natural system and for artificial water oxidation catalysts. Despite the widespread adoption of the so-called “high-valent scheme”—where, for example, the Mn oxidation states in the S2 state are assigned as III, IV, IV, IV—the competing “low-valent scheme” that differs by a total of two metal unpaired electrons (i.e. III, III, III, IV in the S2 state) is favored by several recent studies for the biological catalyst. The question of the correct oxidation state assignment is addressed here by a detailed computational comparison of the two schemes using a common structural platform and theoretical approach. Models based on crystallographic constraints were constructed for all conceivable oxidation state assignments in the four (semi)stable S states of the oxygen evolving complex, sampling various protonation levels and patterns to ensure comprehensive coverage. The models are evaluated with respect to their geometric, energetic, electronic, and spectroscopic properties against available experimental EXAFS, XFEL-XRD, EPR, ENDOR and Mn K pre-edge XANES data. New 2.5 K 55Mn ENDOR data of the S2 state are also reported. Our results conclusively show that the entire S state phenomenology can only be accommodated within the high-valent scheme by adopting a single motif and protonation pattern that progresses smoothly from S0 (III, III, III, IV) to S3 (IV, IV, IV, IV), satisfying all experimental constraints and reproducing all observables. By contrast, it was impossible to construct a consistent cycle based on the low-valent scheme for all S states. Instead, the low-valent models developed here may provide new insight into the over-reduced S states and the states involved in the assembly of the catalytically active water oxidizing cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Krewald
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstr. 34-38 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany .
| | - Marius Retegan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstr. 34-38 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany .
| | - Nicholas Cox
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstr. 34-38 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany .
| | - Johannes Messinger
- Department of Chemistry , Chemical Biological Center (KBC) , Umeå University , 90187 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstr. 34-38 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany .
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstr. 34-38 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany .
| | - Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstr. 34-38 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany .
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstr. 34-38 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany .
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10
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Alaimo AA, Takahashi D, Cunha-Silva L, Christou G, Stamatatos TC. Emissive {Mn4IIICa} Clusters with Square Pyramidal Topologies: Syntheses and Structural, Spectroscopic, and Physicochemical Characterization. Inorg Chem 2014; 54:2137-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502492x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alysha A. Alaimo
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines L2S 3A1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Luís Cunha-Silva
- REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - George Christou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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11
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Jaszewski AR, Stranger R, Pace RJ. Structural and Electronic Models of the Water Oxidizing Complex in the S0 State of Photosystem II: A Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:4484-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200053n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian R. Jaszewski
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Rob Stranger
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Ronald J. Pace
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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13
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Sproviero EM, McEvoy JP, Gascón JA, Brudvig GW, Batista VS. Computational insights into the O2-evolving complex of photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 97:91-114. [PMID: 18483777 PMCID: PMC2728911 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic investigations of the water-splitting reaction of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII) are fundamentally informed by structural studies. Many physical techniques have provided important insights into the OEC structure and function, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry (MS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy applied in conjunction with mutagenesis studies. However, experimental studies have yet to yield consensus as to the exact configuration of the catalytic metal cluster and its ligation scheme. Computational modeling studies, including density functional (DFT) theory combined with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) hybrid methods for explicitly including the influence of the surrounding protein, have proposed chemically satisfactory models of the fully ligated OEC within PSII that are maximally consistent with experimental results. The inorganic core of these models is similar to the crystallographic model upon which they were based, but comprises important modifications due to structural refinement, hydration, and proteinaceous ligation which improve agreement with a wide range of experimental data. The computational models are useful for rationalizing spectroscopic and crystallographic results and for building a complete structure-based mechanism of water-splitting in PSII as described by the intermediate oxidation states of the OEC. This review summarizes these recent advances in QM/MM modeling of PSII within the context of recent experimental studies.
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Pecoraro VL, Hsieh WY. In search of elusive high-valent manganese species that evaluate mechanisms of photosynthetic water oxidation. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:1765-78. [PMID: 18330968 DOI: 10.1021/ic7017488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress in the understanding of biological water oxidation has occurred during the past 25 years. Today we have a somewhat clearer description of the structure of the Mn4Ca cluster and an idea of the appropriate oxidation states for the enzyme during catalysis. At issue is the mechanism of water oxidation. Depending on one's belief of the manganese ion oxidation levels at the catalytically active S4 configuration, one can invoke a variety of different processes that could lead to water oxidation. We have suggested that the most likely process is the nucleophilic attack of a water bound to calcium (or manganese) onto a highly electrophilic Mn(V)=O center. In this Article, we explore the difficulties of preparing Mn(V) in dimeric systems and the even more arduous task of definitively assigning oxidation states to such highly reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L Pecoraro
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA.
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15
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Dau H, Haumann M. Time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy leads to an extension of the classical S-state cycle model of photosynthetic oxygen evolution. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 92:327-43. [PMID: 17333506 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthesis, a complete water oxidation cycle requires absorption of four photons by the chlorophylls of photosystem II (PSII). The photons can be provided successively by applying short flashes of light. Already in 1970, Kok and coworkers [Photochem Photobiol 11:457-475, 1970] developed a basic model to explain the flash-number dependence of O2 formation. The third flash applied to dark-adapted PSII induces the S3-->S4-->S0 transition, which is coupled to dioxygen formation at a protein-bound Mn4Ca complex. The sequence of events leading to dioxygen formation and the role of Kok's enigmatic S4-state are only incompletely understood. Recently we have shown by time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy that in the S3-->S0 transition an interesting intermediate is formed, prior to the onset of O-O bond formation [Haumann et al. Science 310:1019-1021, 2005]. The experimental results of the time-resolved X-ray experiments are discussed. The identity of the reaction intermediate is considered and the question is addressed how the novel intermediate is related to the S4-state proposed in 1970 by Bessel Kok. This leads us to an extension of the classical S-state cycle towards a basic model which describes sequence and interplay of electron and proton abstraction events at the donor side of PSII [Dau and Haumann, Science 312:1471-1472, 2006].
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Dau
- FB Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Miqyass M, van Gorkom HJ, Yocum CF. The PSII calcium site revisited. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 92:275-87. [PMID: 17235491 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-006-9124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of H2O by photosystem II is a unique redox reaction in that it requires Ca2+ as well as Cl- as obligatory activators/cofactors of the reaction, which is catalyzed by Mn atoms. The properties of the binding site for Ca2+ in this reaction resemble those of other Ca2+ binding proteins, and recent X-ray structural data confirm that the metal is in fact ligated at least in part by amino acid side chain oxo anions. Removal of Ca2+ blocks water oxidation chemistry at an early stage in the cycle of redox reactions that result in O-O bond formation, and the intimate involvement of Ca2+ in this reaction that is implied by this result is confirmed by an ever-improving set of crystal structures of the cyanobacterial enzyme. Here, we revisit the photosystem II Ca2+ site, in part to discuss the additional information that has appeared since our earlier review of this subject (van Gorkom HJ, Yocum CF In: Wydrzynski TJ, Satoh K (eds) Photosystem II: the light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase), and also to reexamine earlier data, which lead us to conclude that all S-state transitions require Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miqyass
- Department of Biophysics, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, Leiden, RA 2300, The Netherlands
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- James P McEvoy
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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18
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Gauthier A, Govindachary S, Harnois J, Carpentier R. Interaction of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine with photosystem II as revealed by thermoluminescence: reduction of the higher oxidation states of the Mn cluster and displacement of plastoquinone from the Q(B) niche. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2006; 1757:1547-56. [PMID: 17064657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 09/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The flash-induced thermoluminescence (TL) technique was used to investigate the action of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) on charge recombination in photosystem II (PSII). Addition of low concentrations (muM range) of TMPD to thylakoid samples strongly decreased the yield of TL emanating from S(2)Q(B)(-) and S(3)Q(B)(-) (B-band), S(2)Q(A)(-) (Q-band), and Y(D)(+)Q(A)(-) (C-band) charge pairs. Further, the temperature-dependent decline in the amplitude of chlorophyll fluorescence after a flash of white light was strongly retarded by TMPD when measured in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU). Though the period-four oscillation of the B-band emission was conserved in samples treated with TMPD, the flash-dependent yields (Y(n)) were strongly declined. This coincided with an upshift in the maximum yield of the B-band in the period-four oscillation to the next flash. The above characteristics were similar to the action of the ADRY agent, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Simulation of the B-band oscillation pattern using the integrated Joliot-Kok model of the S-state transitions and binary oscillations of Q(B) confirmed that TMPD decreased the initial population of PSII centers with an oxidized plastoquinone molecule in the Q(B) niche. It was deduced that the action of TMPD was similar to CCCP, TMPD being able to compete with plastoquinone for binding at the Q(B)-site and to reduce the higher S-states of the Mn cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gauthier
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (GRBV), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P.500 Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
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De Riso A, Jenson DL, Barry BA. Calcium exchange and structural changes during the photosynthetic oxygen evolving cycle. Biophys J 2006; 91:1999-2008. [PMID: 16782800 PMCID: PMC1544287 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.087171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PSII catalyzes the oxidation of water and reduction of plastoquinone in oxygenic photosynthesis. PSII contains an oxygen-evolving complex, which is located on the lumenal side of the PSII reaction center and which contains manganese, calcium, and chloride. Four sequential photooxidation reactions are required to generate oxygen. This process produces five Sn-states, where n refers to the number of oxidizing equivalents stored. Calcium is required for oxygen production. Strontium is the only divalent cation that replaces calcium and maintains activity. In our previous FT-IR work, we assessed the effect of strontium substitution on substrate-limited PSII preparations, which were inhibited at the S3 to S0 transition. In this work, we report reaction-induced FT-IR studies of hydrated PSII preparations, which undergo the full S-state cycle. The observed difference FT-IR spectra reflect long-lived photoinduced conformational changes in the oxygen-evolving complex; strontium exchange identifies vibrational bands sensitive to substitutions at the calcium site. During the S1' to S2' transition, the data are consistent with an electrostatic or structural perturbation of the calcium site. During the S3' to S0' and S0' to S1' transitions, the data are consistent with a perturbation of a hydrogen bonding network, which contains calcium, water, and peptide carbonyl groups. To explain our data, persistent shifts in divalent cation coordination must occur when strontium is substituted for calcium. A modified S-state model is proposed to explain these results and results in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Riso
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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20
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Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis, the principal converter of sunlight into chemical energy on earth, is catalyzed by four multi-subunit membrane-protein complexes: photosystem I (PSI), photosystem II (PSII), the cytochrome b(6)f complex, and F-ATPase. PSI generates the most negative redox potential in nature and largely determines the global amount of enthalpy in living systems. PSII generates an oxidant whose redox potential is high enough to enable it to oxidize H(2)O, a substrate so abundant that it assures a practically unlimited electron source for life on earth. During the last century, the sophisticated techniques of spectroscopy, molecular genetics, and biochemistry were used to reveal the structure and function of the two photosystems. The new structures of PSI and PSII from cyanobacteria, algae, and plants has shed light not only on the architecture and mechanism of action of these intricate membrane complexes, but also on the evolutionary forces that shaped oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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21
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Razeghifard MR, Kuzek D, Pace RJ. EPR kinetic studies of the S−1 state in spinach thylakoids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2005; 1708:35-41. [PMID: 15882837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2005.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Revised: 03/06/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Y(Z)* decay kinetics in a formal S(-1) state, regarded as a reduced state of the oxygen evolving complex, was determined using time-resolved EPR spectroscopy. This S(-1) state was generated by biochemical treatment of thylakoid membranes with hydrazine. The steady-state oxygen evolution of the sample was used to optimize the biochemical procedure for performing EPR experiments. A high yield of the S(-1) state was generated as judged by the two-flash delay in the first maximum of oxygen evolution in Joliot flash-type experiments. We have shown that the Y(Z)* re-reduction rate by the S(-1) state is much slower than that of any other S-state transition in hydrazine-treated samples. This slow reduction rate in the S(-1) to S(0) transition, which is in the order of the S(3) to S(0) transition rate, suggests that this transition is accompanied by some structural rearrangements. Possible explanations of this unique, slow reduction rate in the S(-1) to S(0) transition are considered, in light of earlier observations by others on hydrazine/hydroxylamine reduced PS II samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reza Razeghifard
- Photobioenergetics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia.
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22
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Mukhopadhyay S, Mandal SK, Bhaduri S, Armstrong WH. Manganese clusters with relevance to photosystem II. Chem Rev 2005; 104:3981-4026. [PMID: 15352784 DOI: 10.1021/cr0206014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Eugene F Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, USA
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23
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Fa-Shui H, Ling W, Ye T. Mechanism of LaCl3 on Increasing Photosystem II Activity of Spinach. CHINESE J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200590617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Deguns EW, Taha Z, Meitzner GD, Scott SL. An X-ray Absorption Study of Two VOCl3-Modified Silicas: Evidence for Chloride−Silica Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:5005-11. [PMID: 16863160 DOI: 10.1021/jp045886y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structures of the sites formed in the gas-solid reactions of VOCl3 with the surfaces of a fumed silica (Aerosil) and a silica gel (Sylopol) were investigated by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. XANES and EXAFS analysis at the vanadium K-edge reveal that the sites have a uniform first coordination sphere regardless of the origin or the extent of hydroxylation of the silica support (controlled by thermal treatment in vacuo at 100 and 500 degrees C). Analysis of the second coordination sphere was limited by the lack of structural uniformity. EXAFS curve-fitting confirmed that the sites are [triple bond]SiOVOCl2, but revealed an unexpected asymmetry in the V-Cl bond distances. The latter is suggested to be a manifestation of silicon-chloride interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Deguns
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, USA
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25
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van Gorkom HJ, Yocum CF. The Calcium and Chloride Cofactors. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4254-x_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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27
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Riggs-Gelasco PJ, Price JC, Guyer RB, Brehm JH, Barr EW, Bollinger JM, Krebs C. EXAFS Spectroscopic Evidence for an Fe═O Unit in the Fe(IV) Intermediate Observed during Oxygen Activation by Taurine:α-Ketoglutarate Dioxygenase. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:8108-9. [PMID: 15225039 DOI: 10.1021/ja048255q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Fe(II)- and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases catalyze hydroxylation reactions of considerable biomedical and environmental significance. Recently, the first oxidized iron intermediate in the reaction of a member of this family, taurine:alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase (TauD), was detected and shown to be a high-spin Fe(IV) complex. In this study we have used X-ray absorption spectroscopy to demonstrate the presence of a short (1.62 A) interaction between the iron and one of its ligands in the Fe(IV) intermediate but not in the Fe(II) starting complex. The detection of this interaction strongly corroborates the hypothesis that the intermediate contains an Fe=O structural motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Riggs-Gelasco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA.
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28
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Burnap RL. D1 protein processing and Mn cluster assembly in light of the emerging Photosystem II structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b407094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Kuntzleman T, McCarrick R, Penner-Hahn J, Yocum C. Probing reactive sites within the Photosystem II manganese cluster: Evidence for separate populations of manganese that differ in redox potential. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b406601d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Higuchi M, Noguchi T, Sonoike K. Over-reduced states of the Mn-cluster in cucumber leaves induced by dark-chilling treatment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1604:151-8. [PMID: 12837547 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(03)00044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen evolution is inhibited when leaves of chilling-sensitive plants like cucumber are treated at 0 degrees C in the dark. The activity is restored by moderate illumination at room temperature. We examined the changes in the redox state of the Mn-cluster in cucumber leaves in the processes of dark-chilling inhibition and subsequent light-induced reactivation by means of thermoluminescence (TL). A TL B-band arising from S(2)Q(B)(-) charge recombination in PSII was observed upon single-flash illumination of untreated leaves, whereas four flashes were required to yield the B-band after dark-chilling treatment for 24 h. This three-step delay indicates that over-reduced states of the Mn-cluster such as the S(-2) state were formed during the treatment. Fitting analysis of the flash-number dependence of the TL intensities showed that the Mn-cluster was more reduced with a longer period of the treatment and that S(-3) was the lowest S-state detectable in the dark-chilled leaves. Measurements of the Mn content by atomic absorption spectroscopy showed that Mn atoms were gradually released from PSII during the dark-chilling treatment but re-bound to PSII by illumination at 30 degrees C. Thus, dark-chilling inhibition of oxygen evolution can be ascribed to the disintegration of the Mn-cluster due to its over-reduction. The observation of the S(-3) state in the present in vivo system strongly suggests that S(-3), which has been observed only by addition of exogenous reductants into in vitro preparations, is indeed a redox intermediate of the Mn-cluster in the processes of its disintegration and photoactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Higuchi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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31
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Alexiou M, Dendrinou-Samara C, Karagianni A, Biswas S, Zaleski CM, Kampf J, Yoder D, Penner-Hahn JE, Pecoraro VL, Kessissoglou DP. Models for the lower S states of photosystem II: a trinuclear mixed-valent MnII/MnIV/MnII complex. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:2185-7. [PMID: 12665346 DOI: 10.1021/ic026050h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The trinuclear complex Mn(3)(pko)(4)(CH(3)O)(2)(SCN)(2).CH(3)OH, 1, where Hpko is 2,2'-dipyridylketonoxime, is a rare example of a complex simultaneously containing Mn(II) and Mn(IV). X-ray crystallography and XANES spectroscopy clearly distinguish the Mn(II)(2)Mn(IV) valence isomer from the more commonly observed Mn(III)(2)Mn(II) formulation. Fits to variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data indicate that the Mn(II) and Mn(IV) are ferromagnetically coupled (J = +6.13 cm(-1)) and that 1 has an S = (13)/(2) ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alexiou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
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32
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Pospísil P, Michael H, Dittmer J, Solé VA, Dau H. Stepwise transition of the tetra-manganese complex of photosystem II to a binuclear Mn2(micro -O)2 complex in response to a temperature jump: a time-resolved structural investigation employing x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Biophys J 2003; 84:1370-86. [PMID: 12547817 PMCID: PMC1302713 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)74952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthesis, water is oxidized at a protein-cofactor complex comprising four Mn atoms and, presumably, one calcium. Using multilayers of Photosystem II membrane particles, we investigated the time course of the disassembly of the Mn complex initiated by a temperature jump from 25 degrees C to 47 degrees C and terminated by rapid cooling after distinct heating periods. We monitored polarographically the oxygen-evolution activity, the amount of the Y(D)(ox) radical and of released Mn(2+) by EPR spectroscopy, and the structure of the Mn complex by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS, EXAFS). Using a novel approach to analyze time-resolved EXAFS data, we identify three distinct phases of the disassembly process: (1) Loss of the oxygen-evolution activity and reduction of Y(D)(ox) occur simultaneously (k(1) = 1.0 min(-1)). EXAFS spectra reveal the concomitant loss of an absorber-backscatterer interaction between heavy atoms separated by approximately 3.3 A, possibly related to Ca release. (2) Subsequently, two Mn(III) or Mn(IV) ions seemingly separated by approximately 2.7 A in the native complex are reduced to Mn(II) and released (k(2) = 0.18 min(-1)). The x-ray absorption spectroscopy data is highly suggestive that the two unreleased Mn ions form a di- micro -oxo bridged Mn(III)(2) complex. (3) Finally, the tightly-bound Mn(2)( micro -O)(2) unit is slowly reduced and released (k(3) = 0.014 min(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pospísil
- Freie Universität Berlin, FB Physik, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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33
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Britt RD, Peloquin JM, Campbell KA. Pulsed and parallel-polarization EPR characterization of the photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex. ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 2001; 29:463-95. [PMID: 10940256 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.29.1.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II uses visible light to drive the oxidation of water, resulting in bioactivated electrons and protons, with the production of molecular oxygen as a byproduct. This water-splitting reaction is carried out by a manganese cluster/tyrosine radial ensemble, the oxygen -evolving complex. Although conventional continuous-wave, perpendicular -polarization electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has significantly advanced our knowledge of the structure and function of the oxygen-evolving complex, significant additional information can be obtained with the application of additional EPR methodologies. Specifically, parallel-polarization EPR spectroscopy can be use to obtain highly resolved EPR spectra of integer spin Mn species, and pulsed EPR spectroscopy with electron spin echo-based sequences, such as electron spin echo envelope modulation and electron spin echo-electron nuclear double resonance, can be used to measure weak interactions obscured in continuous-wave spectroscopy by inhomogeneous broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
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34
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Renger G. Photosynthetic water oxidation to molecular oxygen: apparatus and mechanism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1503:210-28. [PMID: 11115635 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Renger
- Max-Volmer-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany.
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35
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Vrettos JS, Limburg J, Brudvig GW. Mechanism of photosynthetic water oxidation: combining biophysical studies of photosystem II with inorganic model chemistry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1503:229-45. [PMID: 11115636 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A mechanism for photosynthetic water oxidation is proposed based on a structural model of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) and its placement into the modeled structure of the D1/D2 core of photosystem II. The structural model of the OEC satisfies many of the geometrical constraints imposed by spectroscopic and biophysical results. The model includes the tetranuclear manganese cluster, calcium, chloride, tyrosine Z, H190, D170, H332 and H337 of the D1 polypeptide and is patterned after the reversible O2-binding diferric site in oxyhemerythrin. The mechanism for water oxidation readily follows from the structural model. Concerted proton-coupled electron transfer in the S2-->S3 and S3-->S4 transitions forms a terminal Mn(V)=O moiety. Nucleophilic attack on this electron-deficient Mn(V)=O by a calcium-bound water molecule results in a Mn(III)-OOH species, similar to the ferric hydroperoxide in oxyhemerythrin. Dioxygen is released in a manner analogous to that in oxyhemerythrin, concomitant with reduction of manganese and protonation of a mu-oxo bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Vrettos
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
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36
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Tangoulis V, Malamatari DA, Spyroulias GA, Raptopoulou CP, Terzis A, Kessissoglou DP. An EPR and 1H NMR active mixed-valence manganese (III/II/III) trinuclear compound. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:2621-30. [PMID: 11197018 DOI: 10.1021/ic991430x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mixed-valence Mn(III)-Mn(II)-Mn(III) trinuclear complex of stoichiometry MnIIIMnIIMnIII(Hsaladhp)2(Sal)4.2CH3CN (1), where H3saladhp is a tridentate Schiff-base ligand, has been structurally characterized with X-ray crystallography. The Mn(III)Mn(II)Mn(III) angles are strictly 180 degrees as required by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The complex is valence-trapped with two terminal Mn(III) ions in a distorted square pyramidal geometry. The Mn(III)...Mn(II) separation is 3.495 A. The trinuclear complex shows small antiferromagnetic exchange J coupling. The magnetic parameters obtained from the fitting procedure in the temperature range 10-300 K are J1 = -5.7 cm-1, g = 2.02, zJ = -0.19 cm-1, and R = 0.004. The EPR spectrum was obtained at 4 K in CHCl3 and in tetrahydrofuran glasses. The low-field EPR signal is a superposition of two signals, one centered around g = 3.6 and the other, for which hyperfine structure is observed, centered around g = 4.1 indicating an S = 3/2 state. In addition, there is a 19-line signal at g = 2.0. The multiline signal compares well with that observed for the S2 or S0* states of the oxygen-evolving complex. 1H NMR data reveal that the trinuclear compound keeps its integrity into the CHCl3 solution. Crystal data for complex 1: [C54H52N4O18Mn3], M = 1209.82, triclinic, space group P1, a = 10.367(6) A, b = 11.369(6) A, c = 13.967(8) A; alpha = 112.56(1) degree, beta = 93.42(2) degrees, gamma = 115.43(1) degree, Z = 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tangoulis
- Department of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
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37
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Zhang C, Pan J, Li L, Kuang T. New structure model of oxygen-evolving center and mechanism for oxygen evolution in photosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02885923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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39
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40
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Yocum CF, Pecoraro VL. Recent advances in the understanding of the biological chemistry of manganese. Curr Opin Chem Biol 1999; 3:182-7. [PMID: 10226047 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(99)80031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Developments in manganese biochemistry have centered on the discovery of new manganese enzymes, X-ray analysis of binuclear manganese enzymes, and the discovery of new spectroscopic signatures for the oxygen-evolving complex. Despite these gains, many questions regarding the structure, composition and redox state of the oxygen-evolving complex remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Yocum
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA.
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41
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Gorun SM, Stibrany RT, Lillo A. Supramolecular Mn−Ca Aggregates as Models for the Photosynthetic Water Oxidation Complex. Inorg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9713083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu M. Gorun
- Chemistry Department, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, and Exxon Research and Engineering, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
| | - Robert T. Stibrany
- Chemistry Department, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, and Exxon Research and Engineering, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
| | - Antonietta Lillo
- Chemistry Department, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, and Exxon Research and Engineering, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
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42
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Manganese Redox Enzymes and Model Systems: Properties, Structures, and Reactivity. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(08)60152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Structural characterization of the Mn site in the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex. STRUCTURE & BONDING 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-62888-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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45
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Calzaferri G. At the time he made the first photographs on paper: Did Henry Fox Talbot oxidize water to oxygen with sunlight? Catal Today 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(97)82240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Pufahl RA, Singer CP, Peariso KL, Lin SJ, Schmidt PJ, Fahrni CJ, Culotta VC, Penner-Hahn JE, O'Halloran TV. Metal ion chaperone function of the soluble Cu(I) receptor Atx1. Science 1997; 278:853-6. [PMID: 9346482 DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5339.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive and potentially toxic cofactors such as copper ions are imported into eukaryotic cells and incorporated into target proteins by unknown mechanisms. Atx1, a prototypical copper chaperone protein from yeast, has now been shown to act as a soluble cytoplasmic copper(I) receptor that can adopt either a two- or three-coordinate metal center in the active site. Atx1 also associated directly with the Atx1-like cytosolic domains of Ccc2, a vesicular protein defined in genetic studies as a member of the copper-trafficking pathway. The unusual structure and dynamics of Atx1 suggest a copper exchange function for this protein and related domains in the Menkes and Wilson disease proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Pufahl
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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47
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Hoganson CW, Babcock GT. A metalloradical mechanism for the generation of oxygen from water in photosynthesis. Science 1997; 277:1953-6. [PMID: 9302282 DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5334.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In plants and algae, photosystem II uses light energy to oxidize water to oxygen at a metalloradical site that comprises a tetranuclear manganese cluster and a tyrosyl radical. A model is proposed whereby the tyrosyl radical functions by abstracting hydrogen atoms from substrate water bound as terminal ligands to two of the four manganese ions. Molecular oxygen is produced in the final step in which hydrogen atom transfer and oxygen-oxygen bond formation occur together in a concerted reaction. This mechanism establishes clear analogies between photosynthetic water oxidation and amino acid radical function in other enzymatic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Hoganson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1322, USA
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48
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Messinger J, Nugent JH, Evans MC. Detection of an EPR multiline signal for the S0* state in photosystem II. Biochemistry 1997; 36:11055-60. [PMID: 9333322 DOI: 10.1021/bi9711285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The S0* state was generated by incubation of dark-adapted (S1 state) photosystem II membranes either with the exogenous two electron reductant hydrazine and subsequent 273 K illumination in the presence of DCMU or by dark incubation with low amounts of the one electron reductant hydroxylamine. In agreement with earlier reports, the S1 and S-1 states were found to be electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) silent. However, in the presence of 0.5-1.5% methanol, a weak EPR multiline signal centered around g = 2.0 was observed at 7 K for the S0* states generated by both procedures. This signal has a similar average line splitting to the well-characterized S2 state multiline EPR signal, but can be clearly distinguished from that and other modified S2 multiline signals by differences in line position and intensities. In addition, at 4 K it can be seen that the S0* multiline has a greater spectral breadth than the S2 multilines and is composed of up to 26 peaks. The S0* signal is not seen in the absence of methanol and is not affected by 1 mM EDTA in the buffer medium. We assign the S0* multiline signal to the manganese cluster of the oxygen evolving complex in a mixed valence state of the form MnIIMnIIIMnIIIMnIII,MnIIMnIIIMnIVMnIV, or MnIIIMnIIIMnIIIMnIV. Addition of methanol may be helpful in future to find an EPR signal originating form the natural S0 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Messinger
- Department of Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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49
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Blomberg MRA, Siegbahn PEM, Styring S, Babcock GT, Åkermark B, Korall P. A Quantum Chemical Study of Hydrogen Abstraction from Manganese-Coordinated Water by a Tyrosyl Radical: A Model for Water Oxidation in Photosystem II. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9642323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margareta R. A. Blomberg
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, University of Stockholm, Box 6730, S-113 85 Stockholm, Sweden, the Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, the Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per E. M. Siegbahn
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, University of Stockholm, Box 6730, S-113 85 Stockholm, Sweden, the Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, the Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stenbjörn Styring
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, University of Stockholm, Box 6730, S-113 85 Stockholm, Sweden, the Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, the Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerald T. Babcock
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, University of Stockholm, Box 6730, S-113 85 Stockholm, Sweden, the Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, the Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, University of Stockholm, Box 6730, S-113 85 Stockholm, Sweden, the Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, the Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Korall
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, University of Stockholm, Box 6730, S-113 85 Stockholm, Sweden, the Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden, the Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Shu L, Nesheim JC, Kauffmann K, Münck E, Lipscomb JD, Que L. An Fe2IVO2 diamond core structure for the key intermediate Q of methane monooxygenase. Science 1997; 275:515-8. [PMID: 8999792 DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5299.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A new paradigm for oxygen activation is required for enzymes such as methane monooxygenase (MMO), for which catalysis depends on a nonheme diiron center instead of the more familiar Fe-porphyrin cofactor. On the basis of precedents from synthetic diiron complexes, a high-valent Fe2(micro-O)2 diamond core has been proposed as the key oxidizing species for MMO and other nonheme diiron enzymes such as ribonucleotide reductase and fatty acid desaturase. The presence of a single short Fe-O bond (1.77 angstroms) per Fe atom and an Fe-Fe distance of 2.46 angstroms in MMO reaction intermediate Q, obtained from extended x-ray absorption fine structure and Mössbauer analysis, provides spectroscopic evidence that the diiron center in Q has an Fe2IVO2 diamond core.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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