1
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Ni J, Xia X, Zheng WF, Wang Z. Ti-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Cyclopropanation of Carboxylic Derivatives with Terminal Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7889-7900. [PMID: 35442655 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanols and cyclopropylamines not only serve as important structural motifs in medicinal chemistry but also show diverse reactivities in organic synthesis. Owing to the high ring strain energy, the development of a general protocol from stable and readily available starting materials to afford these cyclopropyl derivatives remains a compelling challenge. Herein, we describe that a Ti-based catalyst can effectively promote the diastereoselective syntheses of cyclopropanols and cyclopropylamines from widely accessible carboxylic derivatives (acids, esters, amides) with terminal olefins. To the best of our knowledge, this method represents the first example of direct converting alkyl carboxylic acids into cyclopropanols. Distinct from conventional studies in Ti-mediated cyclopropanations with reactive alkyl Grignard reagents as nucleophiles or reductants, this protocol utilizes Mg and Me2SiCl2 to turn over the Ti catalyst. Our method exhibits broad substrate scope with good functional group compatibility and is amenable to late-stage synthetic manipulations of natural products and biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowen Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Xie Y, Huang W, Qin S, Fu S, Liu B. Catalytic radical cascade cyclization of alkene-tethered enones to fused bicyclic cyclopropanols. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01312b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fused bicyclic cyclopropanols were achieved via an unprecedented HAT-triggered radical cascade reaction of alkene-tethered enones in the presence of an iron catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Song Qin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shaomin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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3
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Konik YA, Kananovich DG. Asymmetric synthesis with titanacyclopropane reagents: From early results to the recent achievements. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Simaan M, Marek I. Diastereo- and enantioselective preparation of cyclopropanol derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:752-760. [PMID: 30992723 PMCID: PMC6444454 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diastereoselective carbocupration reaction of alkoxy-functionalized cyclopropene derivatives, followed by a subsequent trapping of the resulting cyclopropylmetal species with an electrophilic source of oxygen (oxenoid) afforded various tetrasubstituted cyclopropanol derivatives in high diastereo- and enantiomeric ratios. Similarly, the enantioselective copper-catalyzed carbomagnesiation/oxidation (or amination) sequence on achiral nonfunctionalized cyclopropenes provided the desired cyclopropanol (and cyclopropylamine) derivatives in excellent diastereo- and enantiomeric excesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Simaan
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Reginald Mills
- Davenport Research Laboratories; Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St George Street M5S 3H6 Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Sophie A. L. Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories; Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St George Street M5S 3H6 Toronto, Ontario Canada
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6
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Wang X, Li J, Yuan T, You B, Xie G, Lv X. Additive Tuned Selective Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-1-ols and Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-1-ols Mediated by AllylSmBr. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8984-8994. [PMID: 29944369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The selective construction of bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-1-ols and bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-1-ols was achieved by using an allylSmBr/additive(s) system. By employing HMPA as the only additive, the momoallylation/ketone-alkene coupling occurred preferably and afforded bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-1-ols in good yields with high diastereoselectivities. While the ester-alkene coupling predominated to generate bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-1-ols in moderate yields with excellent diastereoselectivities in the presence of a proton source, such as pyrrole as the coadditive with HMPA. The tunable reactivity of allylSmBr by additive(s) would make it a versatile reagent in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering , Dongguan University of Technology , Dongguan , 523808 , People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxin You
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guanqun Xie
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering , Dongguan University of Technology , Dongguan , 523808 , People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lv
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , People's Republic of China
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7
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Micalizio GC, Mizoguchi H. The Development of Alkoxide-Directed Metallacycle-Mediated Annulative Cross-Coupling Chemistry. Isr J Chem 2017; 57:228-238. [PMID: 28652644 PMCID: PMC5482546 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkoxide-directed metallacycle-mediated cross-coupling is a rapidly growing area of reaction methodology in organic chemistry. Over the last decade, developments have resulted in > thirty new and highly selective intermolecular (or "convergent") C-C bond-forming reactions that have established powerful retrosynthetic relationships in stereoselective synthesis. While early studies were focused on developing transformations that forge a single C-C bond by way of a functionalized and unsaturated metallacyclopentane intermediate, recent advances mark the ability to employ this organometallic intermediate in additional stereoselective transformations. Among these more advanced coupling processes, those that embrace the metallacycle in subsequent [4+2] chemistry have resulted in the realization of a number of highly selective annulative cross-coupling reactions that deliver densely functionalized and angularly substituted carbocycles. This review discusses the early development of this chemistry, recent advances in reaction methodology, and shares a glimpse of the power of these processes in natural product synthesis.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Ydhyam
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jin Kun Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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9
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Zubrytski DM, Kananovich DG, Kulinkovich OG. A highly stereoselective route to medium-ring-sized trans-alkenolides via oxidative fragmentation of bicyclic oxycyclopropane precursors: application to the synthesis of (+)-recifeiolide. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Haym I, Brimble MA. The Kulinkovich hydroxycyclopropanation reaction in natural product synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 10:7649-65. [PMID: 22886040 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Kulinkovich cyclopropanation reaction provides a flexible and convenient method for the synthesis of cyclopropanols. Together with the diverse chemistry of the cyclopropanol unit, it offers access to a wide range of functionalised unsaturated and saturated compounds. The successful use in the synthesis of natural compounds is outlined in this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Haym
- University of Auckland, School of Chemical Sciences, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1043, New Zealand
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11
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Parida BB, Das PP, Niocel M, Cha JK. C-Acylation of Cyclopropanols: Preparation of Functionalized 1,4-Diketones. Org Lett 2013; 15:1780-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400666x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti Bhusan Parida
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Pragna Pratic Das
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Mathilde Niocel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jin Kun Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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12
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Parida BB, Lysenko IL, Cha JK. Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,6-trans-Tetrahydropyrans. Org Lett 2012; 14:6258-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti Bhusan Parida
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Ivan L. Lysenko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jin Kun Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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13
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Tu Y, Zhou L, Yin R, Lv X, Flowers II RA, Choquette KA, Liu H, Niu Q, Wang X. Study on the coupling of acyclic esters with alkenes – the synthesis of 2-(2-hydroxyalkyl)cyclopropanols via cascade cyclization using allylsamarium bromide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11026-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34630c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Lee KS, Ready JM. Titanium-mediated oxidative arylation of homoallylic alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2111-4. [PMID: 21344563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
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15
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Lee KS, Ready JM. Titanium-Mediated Oxidative Arylation of Homoallylic Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Exploration of SAR regarding glucose moiety in novel C-aryl glucoside inhibitors of SGLT2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:742-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.11.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Wolan A, Six Y. Synthetic transformations mediated by the combination of titanium(IV) alkoxides and Grignard reagents: selectivity issues and recent applications. Part 2: Reactions of alkenes, allenes and alkynes. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Synthetic transformations mediated by the combination of titanium(IV) alkoxides and grignard reagents: selectivity issues and recent applications. Part 1: reactions of carbonyl derivatives and nitriles. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Astashko D, Lee HG, Bobrov DN, Cha JK. Stereochemistry of the Kulinkovich cyclopropanation of nitriles. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5528-32. [PMID: 19527011 PMCID: PMC2739442 DOI: 10.1021/jo900823h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemistry of the Kulinkovich cyclopropanation of nitriles with alkenes has been examined by employing (E)-disubstituted alkenes and deuterium-labeled homoallylic alcohols as a stereochemical probe. An intramolecular cyclopropanation proceeds with preservation of the olefin configuration. On the other hand, intermolecular counterparts occur with both preservation and reversal of the olefin configuration, which corresponds to retention and inversion of configuration at the Ti-C bond, respectively, in the cyclopropane-forming step. These uncommon stereochemical outcomes contrast with that of the Kulinkovich cyclopropanation of tertiary amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Astashko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Hyung Goo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Denis N. Bobrov
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Jin K. Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202
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20
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Lysenko IL, Kim K, Lee HG, Cha JK. Low-valent titanium-mediated stereoselective alkylation of allylic alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 130:15997-6002. [PMID: 18986143 DOI: 10.1021/ja806440m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed low-valent titanium-mediated 1,3-transpositive cross-coupling reactions of acyclic and cyclic allylic alcohols for the stereoselective introduction of ethyl, 2-silylethyl, 2-phenethyl, and alkenyl groups. Cross-coupling of an allylic alcohol with a vinylsilane or styrene derivative is particularly noteworthy, as an efficient cross-selective coupling of two alkenes has been elusive. The stereochemistry of the cross-coupling alkylation is consistent with syn addition/beta-elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan L Lysenko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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21
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Bobrov DN, Kim K, Cha JK. Olefin Exchange-Mediated Cyclopropanation of Nitriles with Homoallylic Alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 2008; 49:4089-4091. [PMID: 19554078 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.04.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report herein olefin exchange-mediated cyclopropanation of nitriles with homoallylic alcohols. The use of homoallylic alcohols is central to the successful implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis N Bobrov
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, Michigan 48202, U.S.A
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22
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Kananovich DG, Kulinkovich OG. Studies on the origin of cis-diastereoselectivity of the titanium-mediated cyclopropanation of carboxylic esters with Grignard reagents. Stereochemistry of the intramolecular cyclization of β-metalloketones. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Chapelon AS, Moraléda D, Rodriguez R, Ollivier C, Santelli M. Enantioselective synthesis of steroids. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Cho CW, Krische MJ. Alpha-hydroxy esters via enantioselective hydrogen-mediated C-C coupling: regiocontrolled reactions of silyl-substituted 1,3-diynes. Org Lett 2007; 8:3873-6. [PMID: 16898839 DOI: 10.1021/ol061485k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Catalytic hydrogenation of ethyl glyoxalate in the presence of 1,3-diynes 4a-9a using chirally modified rhodium catalysts enables formation of alpha-hydroxy esters 4c-9c in highly optically enriched form. Notably, for such trialkylsilyl-substituted 1,3-diynes, C-C coupling occurs exclusively at the carbon atom bearing silicon. Pi-back-bonding from low valent rhodium as described by the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model appears to direct the regiochemistry of C-C coupling, as corroborated by calculations of the diyne LUMO coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Woo Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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25
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Kulinkovich OG, Kananovich DG. Advanced Procedure for the Preparation ofcis-1,2-Dialkylcyclopropanols – Modified Ate Complex Mechanism for Titanium-Mediated Cyclopropanation of Carboxylic Esters with Grignard Reagents. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200601035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Li LZ, Xiao B, Guo QX, Xue S. Ring-opening of tertiary cyclopropanols derived from β-diketones. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Lysenko IL, Lee HG, Cha JK. Use of Cyclopropanols as Conformational Constraints in RCM. Org Lett 2006; 8:2671-3. [PMID: 16774228 DOI: 10.1021/ol0605631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Sequential application of the Kulinkovich cyclopropanation of carboxylic esters and RCM of the resulting cis-dialkenyl-tethered cyclopropanols provides an expedient route to functionalized medium-sized carbocycles. Subsequent elaboration of the cyclopropanol functionality, such as one-carbon ring expansion, to afford synthetically useful alpha,beta-enones is also worth noting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan L Lysenko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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28
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Lin KW, Yan S, Hsieh IL, Yan TH. Unusual Ambiphilic Carbenoid Equivalent in Amide Cyclopropanation. Org Lett 2006; 8:2265-7. [PMID: 16706502 DOI: 10.1021/ol060438p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The titanium-methylene complexes derived from the TiCl(4)-Mg-CH(2)Cl(2) system serve as a novel class of ambiphilic carbenoid equivalents, which not only efficiently effect cyclopropanations of a variety amides but also exhibit high chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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29
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Santra S, Masalov N, Epstein OL, Cha JK. Diastereoselective, titanium-mediated cyclization of omega-vinyl tethered imides. Org Lett 2005; 7:5901-4. [PMID: 16354095 DOI: 10.1021/ol0525157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Diastereoselective reductive coupling reactions of omega-vinyl tethered cyclic imides are achieved by a preexisting stereocenter at an allylic position. Particularly noteworthy is the effective use of a 1:2 mixture of Ti(O-i-Pr)4 and n-BuLi to afford the N-acylhemiaminal products in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumava Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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30
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Abstract
[reaction: see text]. Inter- and intramolecular titanium-mediated coupling reactions of N-acylpyrroles are reported for convenient functionalization of terminal olefins. Comparison with the Kulinkovich reaction of esters and other carboxylic acid derivatives is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg L Epstein
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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31
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Kulinkovich O. Synthetic Applications of Intermolecular Cyclopropanation of Carboxylic Esters with Dialkoxytitanacyclopropane Reagents. European J Org Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Kulinkovich
- Department of Chemistry, Belorussian State University, Fr. Skariny Av. 4, Minsk 220 050, Belarus, Fax: (internat.) + 7‐375‐(17)226‐4998
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32
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] Inter- and intramolecular titanium-mediated cyclopropanation reactions of vinylogous esters are reported. Comparison between the Kulinkovich cyclopropanation of esters and vinylogous esters provides mechanistic insight regarding reaction variables such as reaction temperature, solvents, and a Lewis acid additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Masalov
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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34
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Casey CP, Strotman NA. Stereochemistry of Cyclopropane Formation Involving Group IV Organometallic Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:1699-704. [PMID: 14871100 DOI: 10.1021/ja030436p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of (Z)-HDC=CHCH(OCH(3))C(6)H(5) (1) with Cp(2)Zr(D)Cl followed by BF(3).OEt(2) gave phenylcyclopropanes 3a and 3b, both having cis deuterium. This stereochemical outcome requires inversion of configuration at the carbon bound to zirconium and is consistent with a "W-shaped" transition state structure for cyclopropane formation. In a Kulinkovich hydroxycyclopropanation, trans-3-deutero-1-methyl-cis-2-phenyl-1-cyclopropanol (5) was formed stereospecifically from Ti(O-i-Pr)(4), ethyl acetate, EtMgBr, and trans-beta-deuterostyrene. This stereochemistry requires retention of configuration at the carbon bound to titanium and is consistent with frontside attack of the carbon-titanium bond on a carbonyl group coordinated to titanium. In a de Meijere cyclopropylamine synthesis, a 3:1 mixture of N,N-dimethyl-N-(trans-3-deutero-trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl)amine (6a) and N,N-dimethyl-N-(cis-3-deutero-cis-2-phenylcyclopropyl)amine (6b) was formed from Ti(O-i-Pr)(4), DMF, Grignard reagents, and trans-beta-deuterostyrene. This stereochemistry requires inversion of configuration at the carbon bound to titanium and is consistent with a W-shaped transition structure for ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Casey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Kulinkovich
- Chemical Department, Belarussian State University, Skaryny Av. 4, 220050 Minsk, Belarus
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Lecornué F, Ollivier J. Diastereoselective titanium-mediated construction of cis-2,3-ring annelated 1-(2'-chloroethyl)cyclopropanols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2003:584-5. [PMID: 12669836 DOI: 10.1039/b211642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Titanium(IV)-mediated cyclopropanation induced by reaction of cycloalkylmagnesium bromides 1a-e in the presence of titanium tetraisopropoxide with ethyl beta-chloropropionate 2 yielded cis-fused 1-(2'-chloroethyl)cyclopropanols 3b-e with diastereoselectivity highly depending on the ring size. Unexpected rearrangement products 5d,e were isolated in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Lecornué
- Laboratoire des Carbocycles, UMR 8615, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Bât. 420, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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Oh HS, Lee HI, Cha JK. Radical fragmentation of omega-bromoalkyl cyclobutanones. A modular approach to eight-membered carbocycles. Org Lett 2002; 4:3707-9. [PMID: 12375924 DOI: 10.1021/ol026666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An eight-membered ring was conveniently appended onto a cycloalkene carboxylate by employing a facile radical cyclization-fragmentation reaction of an omega-bromoalkyl spirocyclobutanone, which was readily accessible by the Kulinkovich cyclopropanation and subsequent electrophilic addition to a 3-bromoalkyl acetal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heong-Sub Oh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
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Quan LG, Cha JK. Reductive cyclization of enones by titanium(IV) aryloxide and a Grignard reagent. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lee HB, Sung MJ, Blackstock SC, Cha JK. Radical cation-mediated annulation. Stereoselective construction of bicyclo[5.3.0]decan-3-ones by aerobic oxidation of cyclopropylamines. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:11322-4. [PMID: 11697988 DOI: 10.1021/ja017043f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H B Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
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Abstract
[reaction: see text]. The intramolecular, stereoselective addition of 1-vinylcyclopropanols to tethered aldehydes has been achieved under mild conditions. Thus, sequential application of the titanium-mediated cyclopropanation of alpha,beta-unsaturated esters and the electrophilic cyclization of the aldehyde-tethered cyclopropanol products provides the facile formation of carbocyclic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Youn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, 35487, USA
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Wu YD, Yu ZX. A theoretical study on the mechanism and diastereoselectivity of the Kulinkovich hydroxycyclopropanation reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:5777-86. [PMID: 11403612 DOI: 10.1021/ja010114q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A detailed mechanism for the Kulinkovich hydroxycyclopropanation reaction has been explored with density functional theory calculations on the reactions between R(1)COOMe and Ti(OMe)(2)(CH(2)CHR(2)) (R(1) and R(2) are hydrogen and alkyl groups). Addition of ester to titanacyclopropane is found to be fast, exothermic, and irreversible. It has a preference for the alpha-addition manifold over the beta-addition manifold in which its cycloinsertion transition states suffer from the steric repulsion between the R(2) and ester. The following intramolecular methoxy migration step is also exothermic with reasonable activation energy. The cyclopropane-forming step is the rate-determining step, which affords the experimentally observed cis-R(1)/R(2) diastereoselectivity in the alpha-addition manifold by generating cis-R(1)/R(2) 1,2-disubstituted cyclopropanol when R(1) is primary alkyl groups. On the contrary, the unfavored beta-addition manifold offers the diastereoselectivity contradicting the experimental observations. The effects of R(1) and R(2) on the regio- and stereoselectivity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Fujiwara T, Odaira M, Takeda T. Titanocene(II)-promoted reaction of gem-dihalides possessing a terminal double bond. New intramolecular cyclopropanation. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee JC, Sung MJ, Cha JK. Evaluation of titanium alkoxides and aryloxides in the Kulinkovich cyclopropanation of carboxylic esters. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sato F, Urabe H, Okamoto S. Synthesis of organotitanium complexes from alkenes and alkynes and their synthetic applications. Chem Rev 2000; 100:2835-86. [PMID: 11749307 DOI: 10.1021/cr990277l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Sato
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
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Abstract
[formula: see text] An enantioselective synthesis of 2-substituted cyclobutanones has been achieved by sequential application of the titanium-mediated cyclopropanation of alpha-hydroxy esters and the pinacol-type rearrangement of the resulting alpha-hydroxycyclopropylcarbinols.
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Hanazawa T, Koiwa M, Hareau GPJ, Sato F. Optically active trans-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxymethyl)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-2-cyclohexenone as a useful chiral building block for preparation of substituted cyclohexane rings: synthesis and its highly stereoselective reaction with RCu(CN)Li. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Okamoto S, Livinghouse T. Titanium(IV) Aryloxide Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions of 1,6- and 1,7-Dienes. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9922680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sentaro Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Montana State University Bozeman, Montana 59717
| | - Tom Livinghouse
- Department of Chemistry, Montana State University Bozeman, Montana 59717
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] The palladium-mediated ring opening of substituted cyclopropanols has been found to take place predominantly at the less substituted C-C bond. Thus, sequential application of the titanium-mediated cyclopropanation of esters and the palladium-mediated ring opening of the resulting cyclopropanols provides a convenient method for functionalizing monosubstituted olefins.
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