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Neshchadin D, Gescheidt G. CIDNP as a tool for rapid rearrangements: New insights into cyclobutanoid 4-center/3-electron radical cations. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Neshchadin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Graz University of Technology; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Graz University of Technology; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
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Shubina TE, Fokin AA. Hydrocarbon σ‐radical cations. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana E. Shubina
- Kiev Polytechnic Institute, Kiev, Ukraine
- Computer‐Chemie‐Centrum and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität, Erlangen, Germany
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Mathew T, Tonne J, Sedelmeier G, Grund C, Keller M, Hunkler D, Knothe L, Prinzbach H. [6+6]Photocycloadditions in Face-to-Face Benzo/Pyridazino Substrates – En Route to Azapagodanes. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200601075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sackers E, Osswald T, Weber K, Keller M, Hunkler D, Wörth J, Knothe L, Prinzbach H. Bromination of Unsaturated Dodecahedranes—En Route to C20 Fullerene. Chemistry 2006; 12:6242-54. [PMID: 16927320 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
As part of a study to achieve selective oligo(poly)bromination-ultimately perbromination-of the dodecahedral C(20) skeleton, the extent and direction of the ionic bromination of dodecahedrene and 1,16-dodecahedradiene were explored. Along sequences of Br(+) additions/deprotonations and allylic rearrangements, up to ten hydrogen atoms were substituted (traces of C(20)H(x)Br(10)). Tetrabromododecahedrenes obtained under defined conditions in up to 50 % total yield with three and four allylic bromine substituents protecting the extremely bent C==C bonds, proved highly unreactive even towards oxygen but reacted rapidly with CH(2)N(2). Upon electron impact ionization (MS) of the newly secured oligo(poly)bromododecahedra(e)nes, sequential loss of the substituents ended generally in polyunsaturated dodecahedranes (in the extreme C(20)H(4), "tetrahydro-C(20) fullerenes"). Only subsequently did skeletal fragmentations occur. From X-ray crystal-structure analyses, more information was obtained on the structural response of the dodecahedral skeleton to the strain induced by the voluminous substituents. As Appendix, the forcing radical bromination of 1,6-dibromododecahedrane and exploratory cis-beta-HBr/cis-beta-Br(2) eliminations in bromododecahedranes with [Fe(2)(CO)(9)], P(2)F/[FeCp(2)] and [Fe(tmeda)Cp*Cl] (in situ protection) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmerich Sackers
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Prinzbach H, Wahl F, Weiler A, Landenberger P, Wörth J, Scott LT, Gelmont M, Olevano D, Sommer F, von Issendorff B. C20 Carbon Clusters: Fullerene–Boat–Sheet Generation, Mass Selection, Photoelectron Characterization. Chemistry 2006; 12:6268-80. [PMID: 16823785 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Electron-impact ionization in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer of C(20)H(0-3)Br(14-12) probes-secured from C(20)H(20) dodecahedrane by a "brute-force" bromination protocol-provided bromine-free C(20)H(0-2(3)) anions in amounts that allowed the clean mass-separation of the hydrogen-free C(20) (-) ions and the photoelectron (PE) spectroscopic characterization as C(20) fullerene (electron affinity (EA)=2.25+/-0.03 eV, vibrational progressions of 730+/-70). The extremely strained C(20) fullerene ions surfaced as kinetically rather stable entities (lifetime of at least the total flight time of 0.4 ms); they only very sluggishly expel a C(2) unit. The HOMO and LUMO are suggested to be almost degenerate (DeltaE=0.27 eV). The assignment as a fullerene was corroborated by the PE characterization of the C(20) bowl (EA=2.17+/-0.03 eV, vibrational progression of 2060+/-50 cm(-1)) analogously generated from C(20)H(10) corannulene (C(20)H(1-3)Br(9-8) samples) and comparably stable. Highly resolved low-temperature PE spectra of the known C(20) ring (EA=2.49+/-0.03 eV, vibrational progressions 2022+/-45 and 455+/-30 cm(-1)), obtained from graphite, display an admixture of, most probably, a bicyclic isomer (EA=3.40+/-0.03 eV, vibrational progression 455+/-30 cm(-1)). The C(20) (+(-)) and C(20)H(2) (+(-)) cluster ions generated from polybrominated perylene (C(20)H(0-2)Br(12-10)) have (most probably) retained the planar perylene-type skeleton (sheet, EA=2.47+/-0.03 eV, vibrational progressions of 2089+/-30 and 492+/-30 cm(-1) and EA=2.18+/-0.03 eV, vibrational progressions of 2105+/-30 and 468+/-30 cm(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Prinzbach
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Weber K, Voss T, Heimbach D, Weiler A, Keller M, Wörth J, Knothe L, Exner K, Prinzbach H. From unsaturated dodecahedranes to C40 cages? Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Exner K, Heizmann M, Yang F, Kegel M, Keller M, Knothe L, Großmann B, Heinze J, Prinzbach H. Towards In-Plane Delocalized 4N/7e Radical Cations and 4N/6e Dications - One-/Two-Electron Oxidation of Proximate-Parallel Bis(N,N'-bicyclic)-bishydrazines. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Fokin AA, Schreiner PR, Kozhushkov SI, Sattelmeyer KW, Schaefer HF, De Meijere A. Delocalizations in sigma-radical cations: the intriguing structures of ionized [n]rotanes. Org Lett 2003; 5:697-700. [PMID: 12605493 DOI: 10.1021/ol027479f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly symmetric aliphatic hydrocarbons such as D(4h)-[4]rotane do not necessarily have degenerate HOMOs. According to our predictions based on high-level computations, its radical cation should display a highly delocalized D(4h)-symmetric structure, in contrast to its Jahn-Teller distorted cousin, the radical cation of [3]rotane, which exists in two distonic localized forms with C(2v) and C(s) symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Fokin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kiev Polytechnic Institute, pr. Pobedy 37, 03056 Kiev, Ukraine.
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Fokin AA, Schreiner PR. Selective alkane transformations via radicals and radical cations: insights into the activation step from experiment and theory. Chem Rev 2002; 102:1551-94. [PMID: 11996544 DOI: 10.1021/cr000453m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Fokin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kiev Polytechnic Institute, 37 Pobedy Avenue, 03056 Kiev, Ukraine.
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Kochi J, Rathore R, Zhu, and C, Lindeman S. Structural Characterization of Novel Olefinic Cation Radicals: X-ray Crystallographic Evidence of σ–π Hyperconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001016)112:20<3817::aid-ange3817>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Kochi J, Rathore R, Zhu, and C, Lindeman S. Structural Characterization of Novel Olefinic Cation Radicals: X-ray Crystallographic Evidence of σ–π Hyperconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001016)39:20<3671::aid-anie3671>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Exner K, Cullmann O, Vögtle M, Prinzbach H, Grossmann B, Heinze J, Liesum L, Bachmann R, Schweiger A, Gescheidt G. Cyclic In-Plane Electron Delocalization (σ-Bishomoaromaticity) in 4N/5e Radical Anions and 4N/6e DianionsGeneration, Structures, Properties, Ion-Pairing, and Calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0014943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Exner
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Institute of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, ETH Zentrum, CH-8000 Zürich, Switzerland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Cullmann
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Institute of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, ETH Zentrum, CH-8000 Zürich, Switzerland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Vögtle
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Institute of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, ETH Zentrum, CH-8000 Zürich, Switzerland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Horst Prinzbach
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Institute of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, ETH Zentrum, CH-8000 Zürich, Switzerland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Grossmann
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Institute of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, ETH Zentrum, CH-8000 Zürich, Switzerland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Heinze
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Institute of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, ETH Zentrum, CH-8000 Zürich, Switzerland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Liesum
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Institute of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, ETH Zentrum, CH-8000 Zürich, Switzerland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Bachmann
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Institute of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, ETH Zentrum, CH-8000 Zürich, Switzerland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Schweiger
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Institute of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, ETH Zentrum, CH-8000 Zürich, Switzerland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Institute of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, ETH Zentrum, CH-8000 Zürich, Switzerland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Oxidative Single-Electron Transfer Activation of σ-Bonds in Aliphatic Halogenation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja000193q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Non-pentagonal unsaturated dodecahedranes-in-plane delocalized 4C/3e radical cations and σ-bishomoaromatic 4C/2e dications. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Exner K, Großmann B, Gescheidt G, Heinze J, Keller M, Bally T, Bednarek P, Prinzbach H. σ-Homokonjugation in cyclisch präorientierten N4-(Radikal-)Kationen – N⋅⋅⋅N-Bindungslängen>2 Å. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(20000417)112:8<1514::aid-ange1514>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Exner K, Fischer G, Lugan M, Fritz H, Hunkler D, Keller M, Knothe L, Prinzbach H. Proximate,syn-Periplanar Diazene/Diazene(di)oxy, Diazeneoxy/Diazene(di)oxy, and Diazenedioxy/Diazenedioxy Skeletons: Syntheses, [2+2]Photocycloadditions, Metathesis. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(200003)2000:5<787::aid-ejoc787>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fischer G, Fritz H, Rihs G, Hunkler D, Exner K, Knothe L, Prinzbach H. Proximate,syn-Periplanar, Rigid Imine(Nitrone)/Ene-, and Diazene(Diazeneoxy)/Ene Systems: Syntheses, Homoconjugate Reactivity and Photochemistry. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(200003)2000:5<743::aid-ejoc743>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Etzkorn M, Wahl F, Keller M, Prinzbach H, Barbosa F, Peron V, Gescheidt G, Heinze J, Herges R. [2.2.2.2]Pagodane: Synthesis and Oxidation of Nonclassical Valence-Isomeric 4C/3e and sigma-Bishomoaromatic 4C/2e Ions. J Org Chem 1998; 63:6080-6081. [PMID: 11672224 DOI: 10.1021/jo980892+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Etzkorn
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität, Hagenring 10, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Werst
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Exner K, Hunkler D, Gescheidt G, Prinzbach H. Zur Existenz nichtklassischer, cyclisch delokalisierter 4N/5e-Radikalanionen und 4N/6e-Dianionen – Ein- und Zweielektronen-Reduktion nahgeordneter, synperiplanarer Bisdiazene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19980703)110:13/14<2013::aid-ange2013>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Gebicki J, Bally T. Spontaneous Hydrogen Atom Transfer on Ionization: Characterization of Enol Radical Cations in Cryogenic Matrices. Acc Chem Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ar960094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Gebicki
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Zwirki 36, 90-924 Lodz, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bally
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Zwirki 36, 90-924 Lodz, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Pinkos R, Weiler A, Voss T, Weber K, Wahl F, Melder JP, Fritz H, Hunkler D, Prinzbach H. From Pagodanes to Homologous, Non-Pentagonal Dodecahedranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199719971010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sharma V, Keller M, Weiler A, Hunkler D, Prinzbach H. Von Pagodanen zu nichtpentagonalen (Homo)Dodecahedranen – der Undecacyclo[10. 10.10.0.02, 20.03, 10.04, 19.05, 9.− 06, 18.07, 15.08, 13.019, 22.016, 21]docosan-Käfig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19961082338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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