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Lechner VM, Nappi M, Deneny PJ, Folliet S, Chu JCK, Gaunt MJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Modification and Manipulation of Biomacromolecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1752-1829. [PMID: 34546740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified biomacromolecules-i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids-have become crucial tools in chemical biology. They are extensively used not only to elucidate cellular processes but also in industrial applications, particularly in the context of biopharmaceuticals. In order to enable maximum scope for optimization, it is pivotal to have a diverse array of biomacromolecule modification methods at one's disposal. Chemistry has driven many significant advances in this area, and especially recently, numerous novel visible-light-induced photochemical approaches have emerged. In these reactions, light serves as an external source of energy, enabling access to highly reactive intermediates under exceedingly mild conditions and with exquisite spatiotemporal control. While UV-induced transformations on biomacromolecules date back decades, visible light has the unmistakable advantage of being considerably more biocompatible, and a spectrum of visible-light-driven methods is now available, chiefly for proteins and nucleic acids. This review will discuss modifications of native functional groups (FGs), including functionalization, labeling, and cross-linking techniques as well as the utility of oxidative degradation mediated by photochemically generated reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, transformations at non-native, bioorthogonal FGs on biomacromolecules will be addressed, including photoclick chemistry and DNA-encoded library synthesis as well as methods that allow manipulation of the activity of a biomacromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Lechner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Nappi
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Deneny
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Folliet
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - John C K Chu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Zhou X, Pathak P, Jayawickramarajah J. Design, synthesis, and applications of DNA-macrocyclic host conjugates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11668-11680. [PMID: 30255866 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06716c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With this Feature Article we review, for the first time, the development of DNA-host conjugates-a nascent yet rapidly growing research focus within the ambit of DNA supramolecular chemistry. Synthetic hosts (such as cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, and calixarenes) are well-suited to be partnered with DNA, since DNA assembly and host-guest binding both thrive in aqueous media, are largely orthogonal, and exhibit controllable and input-responsive properties. The covalent braiding of these two supramolecular synthons thus leads to advanced self-assemblies and nanostructures with exciting function that range from drug delivery agents to input-triggered switches. The latter class of DNA-host conjugates have been demonstrated to precisely control protein activity, and have also been used as modulable catalysts and versatile biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
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Chatterjee T, Srinivasan A, Ravikanth M, Chandrashekar TK. Smaragdyrins and Sapphyrins Analogues. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3329-3376. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamal Chatterjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - A. Srinivasan
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | | | - Tavarakere K. Chandrashekar
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
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Das S, Jana S, Chakraborty P, Sanyal R, Maiti DK, Guchhait N, Zangrando E, Das D. Chemodosimetric Detection of the Acetate Anion by Using the Template Reaction Method via a Fluorescence “Turn‐Off” Signal. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Sankar Jana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Prateeti Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Ria Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Debasis Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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Karthik G, Srinivasan A, Chandrashekar TK. meso-Aryl Core-Modified Fused Sapphyrins: Syntheses and Structural Diversity. Org Lett 2014; 16:3472-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501395t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Karthik
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sainik School P.O. Bhubaneswar 751 005, Odisha, India
| | - A. Srinivasan
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sainik School P.O. Bhubaneswar 751 005, Odisha, India
| | - Tavarekere K. Chandrashekar
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sainik School P.O. Bhubaneswar 751 005, Odisha, India
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Shin JY, Kim K, Lim JM, Tanaka T, Kim D, Kim K, Shinokubo H, Osuka A. Photodynamics of [26]- and [28]Hexaphyrin-Bodipy Hybrids. Chemistry 2014; 20:4574-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Shimizu S, Osuka A. meso-aryl expanded porphyrins: synthesis, structures, and coordination chemistry. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424604000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
meso-aryl expanded porphyrins, that can be regarded as real homologues of meso-tetraaryl porphyrins, were prepared by our synthetic protocol under the modified Rothemund-Lindsey conditions. This new class of molecules exhibits interesting spectral, electrochemical, and coordination properties. These promising features are emphasized, with a particular attention on the annulenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Biton A, Ezra A, Kasparkova J, Brabec V, Yavin E. DNA photocleavage by DNA and DNA-LNA amino acid-dye conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:616-21. [PMID: 20345124 DOI: 10.1021/bc900372h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA photocleavage by triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFO) has potential implications in both biotechnology and medicine. We have synthesized a series of homopurine DNA and DNA/LNA 14-mers to which an amino acid (glycine or l-tryptophan) and a cyanine dye are covalently linked. Two cyanine dyes were examined that include a quinolinium ring linked to a benzothiazolium ring through a monomethine (TO1) or trimethine (TO2) linker. The 14-mer sequence was chosen to target mdm2, a ubiquitin ligase (E3) that regulates p53 by promoting its ubiquitylation and proteosomal degradation. Such inhibition has been previously proposed as a therapeutic approach to target wild-type p53-expressing cancers. To examine whether our TFO conjugates photocleave the mdm2 target, we incubated the various conjugates with the mdm2 plasmid and irradiated the samples with visible light. We show that only the TFO with the complementary sequence and with an intervening l-tryptophan leads to the linearization of the plasmid after a short irradiation time (10 min) exciting the dye (lambda(max)(TO1) = 500 nm and lambda(max)(TO2) = 630 nm) with visible light. Furthermore, the photoreactivity is more pronounced for the LNA/DNA conjugate, an observation that is consistent with improved hybridization to the DNA target. Sequence specificity of the photoreaction is further corroborated on a synthetic 44-mer duplex containing the TFO site. Evidence for a ROS-dependent mechanism is also given and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adva Biton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Ein-Karem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Lönnberg H. Solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotide conjugates useful for delivery and targeting of potential nucleic acid therapeutics. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1065-94. [PMID: 19175328 DOI: 10.1021/bc800406a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Olignucleotide-based drugs show promise as a novel form of chemotherapy. Among the hurdles that have to be overcome on the way of applicable nucleic acid therapeutics, inefficient cellular uptake and subsequent release from endosomes to cytoplasm appear to be the most severe ones. Covalent conjugation of oligonucleotides to molecules that expectedly facilitate the internalization, targets the conjugate to a specific cell-type or improves the parmacokinetics offers a possible way to combat against these shortcomings. Since workable chemistry is a prerequisite for biological studies, development of efficient and reproducible methods for preparation of various types of oligonucleotide conjugates has become a subject of considerable importance. The present review summarizes the advances made in the solid-supported synthesis of oligonucleotide conjugates aimed at facilitating the delivery and targeting of nucleic acid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Lönnberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Taima H, Yoshioka N, Inoue H. Synthesis and DNA-binding properties of water-soluble cationic pyropheophorbides derived from chlorophyll a/b. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:1176-83. [DOI: 10.1039/b819700h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Thuong NT, Asseline U. Modification of the 5' terminus of oligonucleotides for attachment of reporter and conjugate groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 4:Unit 4.2. [PMID: 18428849 DOI: 10.1002/0471142700.nc0402s00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reporter and conjugate groups can be added directly to the 5' terminus of oligonucleotides by appropriate modification. Conjugate groups can be used to increase the affinity of complementary strands, induce irreversible modification of target sequences, or enable sequences to recognize and permeate target cell membranes. This overview discusses the 5' modifications that can be used and strategies for the covalent attachment of ligands to the modified oligonucleotides. Step-by-step protocols for attachment of conjugate groups are given elsewhere in the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Thuong
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Orléans, France
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Gorden† AEV, Davis J, Sessler JL, Král V, Webster Keogh‡ D, Schroeder NL. Monoprotonated Sapphyrin–Pertechnetate Anion Interactions in Aqueous Media. Supramol Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270310001626464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. V. Gorden†
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology , 1 University Station – A, University of Texas at Austin , 78712-0165, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Julian Davis
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology , 1 University Station – A, University of Texas at Austin , 78712-0165, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology , 1 University Station – A, University of Texas at Austin , 78712-0165, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Vladimir Král
- b Department of Analytical Chemistry , Institute of Chemical Technology , Prague 6, 5, 16628, Technická, Czech Republic
| | - D. Webster Keogh‡
- c Chemistry and Nuclear Materials Technology Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory , New Mexico, 87545, Los Alamos, USA
| | - Norman L. Schroeder
- c Chemistry and Nuclear Materials Technology Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory , New Mexico, 87545, Los Alamos, USA
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Kubik S, Reyheller C, Stüwe S. Recognition of Anions by Synthetic Receptors in Aqueous Solution. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-005-0601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Synytsya A, Král V, Blechová M, Volka K. Biolocalisation and photochemical properties of two novel macrocyclic photosensitisers: a spectroscopic study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2004; 74:73-84. [PMID: 15157902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2003] [Revised: 01/27/2004] [Accepted: 02/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Biolocalisation and photochemical properties of novel macrocyclic photosensitisers, guanidiniocarbonyl-substituted tetraphenylporphyrin (1) and sugar-substituted sapphyrin (2) were investigated by spectroscopic methods. Both photosensitisers absorb in far visible region and showed good tumour localisation. Photosensitiser 2 demonstrated significantly larger absolute and relative to normal tissue (T/N) amount in tumour (330 microg g(-1) wet tissue, T/N=19.0) than photosensitiser 1 did (13 microg g(-1) wet tissue, T/N=2.1). According to iodometric and uric acid assays, compound 1 produced large amount of 1O2 (phidelta=0.60-0.68), while compound 2 showed non-significant 1O2 production (phidelta=0.04). The electronic spectroscopic study confirms that only photosensitiser 1 is able to mediate photooxidation of model compounds (BSA, poly(Trp), Tyr, Trp, and GMP) after light irradiation. Pour photochemical activity of compound 2 was explained by its self-aggregation. Raman spectroscopic study indicated that monomerised photosensitiser 2 effectively damaged BSA and calf thymus DNA after light excitation at the conditions of high excess of these macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Synytsya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Virta P, Katajisto J, Niittymäki T, Lönnberg H. Solid-supported synthesis of oligomeric bioconjugates. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Manoharan M. Oligonucleotide conjugates as potential antisense drugs with improved uptake, biodistribution, targeted delivery, and mechanism of action. ANTISENSE & NUCLEIC ACID DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2002; 12:103-28. [PMID: 12074364 DOI: 10.1089/108729002760070849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the effect of conjugating small molecules and large biomacromolecules to antisense oligonucleotides to improve their therapeutic potential. In many cases, favorable changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties were observed. Opportunities exist to change the terminating mechanism of antisense action or to enhance the RNase H mode of action via conjugate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthiah Manoharan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
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Napoli L, Luca S, Fabio G, Messere A, Montesarchio D, Morelli G, Piccialli G, Tesauro D. A Facile Solid-Phase Strategy for the Synthesis of Oligonucleotide-Tetraphenylporphyrin Conjugates. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(200003)2000:6<1013::aid-ejoc1013>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ali
- MRC Group in the Radiation Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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Mechanistic Studies on Photoinduced Cross-Linking and Specific Cleavage at Guanine by Dibenzoyldiazomethane-Oligodeoxynucleotide Conjugate. Bioorg Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1006/bioo.1998.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kahl JD, McMinn DL, Greenberg MM. High-Yielding Method for On-Column Derivatization of Protected Oligodeoxy- nucleotides and Its Application to the Convergent Synthesis of 5‘,3‘-Bis-conjugates. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo980594c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Kahl
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Dustin L. McMinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Marc M. Greenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Armitage
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3890
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Yamana K, Kumamoto S, Nakano H. Homopyrimidine Oligonucleotides Modified by a Pyrenylmethyl Group at the Terminal Position: Enhanced Fluorescence upon Binding to Double Helical DNA. CHEM LETT 1997. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1997.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sessler JL, Andrievsky A, Sansom PI, Král V, Iverson BL. Enhanced DNA photocleavage and binding properties of sapphyrin-polyamine conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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