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Hu X, Dong Y, Liu G. Copper-catalyzed ligand-free amidation of aryl iodides and amino acid amides to synthesize C3-(Z)-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-ones. Mol Divers 2015; 19:695-701. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Boutard N, Dufour-Gallant J, Deaudelin P, Lubell WD. Pyrrolo[3,2-e][1,4]diazepin-2-one Synthesis: A Head-to-Head Comparison of Soluble versus Insoluble Supports. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4533-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200424q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Boutard
- Chemistry Department, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Julien Dufour-Gallant
- Chemistry Department, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Philippe Deaudelin
- Chemistry Department, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - William D. Lubell
- Chemistry Department, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Ng PY, Tang Y, Knosp WM, Stadler HS, Shaw JT. Synthesis of diverse lactam carboxamides leading to the discovery of a new transcription-factor inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 46:5352-5. [PMID: 17568465 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yee Ng
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Mohapatra DK, Maity PK, Shabab M, Khan M. Click chemistry based rapid one-pot synthesis and evaluation for protease inhibition of new tetracyclic triazole fused benzodiazepine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5241-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Deaudelin P, Lubell WD. Diastereoselective Pictet−Spengler Approach for the Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,2-e][1,4]diazepin-2-one Peptide Turn Mimics. Org Lett 2008; 10:2841-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8009978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Deaudelin
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - William D. Lubell
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
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Ng P, Tang Y, Knosp W, Stadler H, Shaw J. Synthesis of Diverse Lactam Carboxamides Leading to the Discovery of a New Transcription-Factor Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang XL, Zheng XF, Liu RH, Reiner J, Chang JB. Synthesis of novel substituted naphthoquino[b]-benzo[e][1,4]diazepines via Pictet–Spengler cyclization. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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K. Mohapatra D, K. Maity P, S. Chorghade M, K. Gurjar M. Synthesis of Unusual Tricyclic Ring Systems of Biological Interest. HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-s(u)64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ferrini S, Ponticelli F, Taddei M. Rapid Approach to 3,5-Disubstituted 1,4-Benzodiazepines via the Photo-Fries Rearrangement of Anilides. J Org Chem 2006; 71:9217-20. [PMID: 17109551 DOI: 10.1021/jo0614442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Different anilides derived from carboxylic acids and substituted anilines have been submitted to the photochemically induced Fries rearrangement giving the corresponding o-amino phenones under conditions that are compatible with the presence of acid-labile groups (such as N-Boc or TBDMSO) on R1 and R3. These compounds, not easily obtained in other ways, are useful building blocks for the preparation of benzocondensated heterocycles. After coupling with N-Boc amino acids and TFA-mediated deprotection, the products cyclized to the corresponding 3,5-disubstituted 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones, privileged structures predominantly active in the central nervous system. The same results were obtained by coupling with N-Cbz-protected alpha-amino acids followed by microwave assisted hydrogenolysis. When the Fries rearrangement was carried out on the anilide derived from N-Boc-Ala-OH and the further coupling done with N-Cbz-(OMe)Asp-OH, the formed benzodiazepines could be inserted in a peptide chain for the preparation of conformationally constrained peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Ferrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Synthesis of novel tricyclic pyrimidine-fused 5,6-dihydrobenzodiazepines via a Pictet–Spengler-like cyclization. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yang J, Che X, Dang Q, Wei Z, Gao S, Bai X. Synthesis of Tricyclic 4-Chloro-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]benzodiazepines. Org Lett 2005; 7:1541-3. [PMID: 15816747 DOI: 10.1021/ol050181f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A novel methodology was developed for the efficient synthesis of 4-chloro-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]benzodiazepines. The key is the intramolecular Friedel-Crafts cyclization of 5-amino-4-(N-substituted)anilino-6-chloropyrimidine with either a carboxylic acid or its derivatives to construct the 4-chloro-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]benzodiazepine core. Subsequent nucleophilic substitution allows the introduction of one more diversity point in the target molecules. This strategy provides an efficient method to access a library of compounds based on privileged substructures that are of great interest in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Yang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Jilin University, 75 Jinlai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
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Horton DA, Bourne GT, Smythe ML. The combinatorial synthesis of bicyclic privileged structures or privileged substructures. Chem Rev 2003; 103:893-930. [PMID: 12630855 DOI: 10.1021/cr020033s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2447] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Horton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
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Floyd CD, Leblanc C, Whittaker M. Combinatorial chemistry as a tool for drug discovery. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2000; 36:91-168. [PMID: 10818672 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The question 'will combinatorial chemistry deliver real medicines' has been posed [96]. First it is important to realise that the chemical part of the drug discovery process cannot stand alone; the integration of synthesis and biological assays is fundamental to the combinatorial approach. The results presented in Tables 3.1 to 3.8 suggest that so far smaller directed combinatorial libraries have obtained equivalent results to those obtained previously from traditional medicinal chemistry analogue programs. Unfortunately, because of the long time it takes to develop pharmaceutical drugs there are no examples yet of marketed drugs discovered by combinatorial methods. There are interesting examples where active leads have been discovered from the screening of the same library against multiple targets (e.g. libraries 13, 39, 43, 66, 71 and 76). It is now possible to handle much larger libraries of non-oligomeric structures and the chemistry required for such applications is becoming available. Whether combinatorial approaches can also be adapted to deal with all the other requirements of a successful pharmaceutical (lack of toxicity, bioavailability etc.) is open to question but there are already examples such as cassette dosing [235-237]. However we can still be optimistic about the possibility of larger libraries producing avenues of investigation for the medicinal chemist to develop into real drugs. Combinatorial chemistry is an important tool for the medicinal chemist.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Floyd
- British Biotech Pharmaceuticals Limited, Oxford, U.K
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects most of the organs and tissues of the body, causing glomerulonephritis, arthritis, and cerebritis. SLE can be fatal with nephritis, in particular, predicting a poor outcome for patients. In this review, we highlight what has been learned about SLE from the study of mouse models, and pay particular attention to anti-DNA autoantibodies, both as pathological agents of lupus nephritis and as DNA-binding proteins. We summarize the current approaches used to treat SLE and discuss the targeting of anti-DNA autoantibodies as a new treatment for lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Blatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1055, USA
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Chapter 27. Application of Combinatorial and Parallel Synthesis to Medicinal Chemistry. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Avdagi? A, ?unji? V. Biocatalytic Deracemization of 1,4-Benzodiazepines in the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Serine. Helv Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19980810110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wu J, Takayama S, Wong CH, Siuzdak G. Quantitative electrospray mass spectrometry for the rapid assay of enzyme inhibitors. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 1997; 4:653-7. [PMID: 9331404 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(97)90220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combinatorial chemistry has become an important method for identifying effective ligand-receptor binding, new catalysts and enzyme inhibitors. In order to distinguish the most active component of a library or to obtain structure-activity relationships of compounds in a library, an efficient quantitative assay is crucial. Electrospray mass spectrometry has become an indispensable tool for qualitatively screening combinatorial libraries and its use for quantitative analysis has recently been demonstrated. RESULTS This paper describes the use of quantitative electrospray mass spectrometry for screening libraries of inhibitors of enzymatic reactions, specifically the enzymatic glycosylation by beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, which catalyzes the transfer of galactose from uridine-5'-diphosphogalactose to the 4-position of N-acetylglucosamine beta OBn (Bn: benzene) to form N-acetyllactosamine beta OBn. Our mass spectrometric screening approach showed that both nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates inhibited galactosyltransferase while none of the nucleoside monophosphates, including uridine-5'-monophosphate, showed any inhibition. Additional libraries were generated in which the concentrations of the inhibitors were varied and, using mass spectrometry, uridine-5'-diphosphate-2-deoxy-2-fluorogalactose was identified as the best inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS This report introduces quantitative electrospray mass spectrometry as a rapid, sensitive and accurate quantitative assaying tool for inhibitor libraries that does not require a chromophore or radiolabeling. A viable alternative to existing analytical techniques is thus provided. The new technique will greatly facilitate the discovery of novel inhibitors against galactosyltransferase, an enzyme for which there are few potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Bill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1055, USA
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Berlin K, Jain RK, Tetzlaff C, Steinbeck C, Richert C. Spectrometrically monitored selection experiments: quantitative laser desorption mass spectrometry of small chemical libraries. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 1997; 4:63-77. [PMID: 9070428 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(97)90237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selection experiments involving chemical libraries are routinely used in the pharmaceutical industry for finding and optimizing lead compounds. In principle, almost any process involving a binding event or a reaction could be probed systematically with chemical libraries prepared by combinatorial synthesis. Traditionally, however, the vast majority of library members cannot be monitored during the selection, making a systematic correlation of structure and activity difficult. To interpret selection experiments on the level of all library components, monitoring technologies are required that give a unique and quantitative spectroscopic signal for every compound in a mixture. RESULTS Quantitative matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry of libraries of porphyrins and peptide-DNA hybrids consisting of 2-35 compounds is described. Porphyrin libraries were subjected to in vitro selections for liposome incorporation and binding to a protein pocket. It was shown that mesohydroxyphenyl substituted porphyrins, known high activity photosensitizers of tumors, are preferentially incorporated in liposome membranes. A mixture of peptide-DNA hybrids was assayed for the nuclease stability of its components. CONCLUSIONS Small libraries of non-isobaric compounds can be exhaustively or near-exhaustively monitored by mass spectrometry. Monitored selection experiments can yield detailed structure-activity maps in a single experiment, speeding up drug discovery and the probing of biochemically relevant recognition events. It is proposed that monitored assays for target binding, membrane partitioning, and biostability could be run in parallel, to select drug candidates combining several favorable properties in 'multidimensional' selection experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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