1
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Hu S, Pan Y, Ni D, Deng L. Facile access to bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes by Lewis acid-catalyzed formal cycloaddition between silyl enol ethers and bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6128. [PMID: 39033172 PMCID: PMC11271461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Saturated three-dimensional carbocycles have gained increasing prominence in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. In particular, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) have been identified as the molecular replacement for benzenes. Here, we present facile access to a variety of BCHs via a stepwise two-electron formal (3 + 2) cycloaddition between silyl enol ethers and bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) under Lewis acid catalysis. The reaction features wide functional group tolerance for silyl enol ethers, allowing the efficient construction of two vicinal quaternary carbon centers and a silyl-protected tertiary alcohol unit in a streamlined fashion. Interestingly, the reaction with conjugated silyl dienol ethers can provide access to bicyclo[4.1.1]octanes (BCOs) equipped with silyl enol ethers that facilitate further transformation. The utilities of this methodology are demonstrated by the late-stage modification of natural products, transformations of tertiary alcohol units on bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane frameworks, and derivatization of silyl enol ethers on bicyclo[4.1.1]octanes, delivering functionalized bicycles that are traditionally inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongshun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Li Deng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Delos Reyes AMV, Nieves Escobar CS, Muñoz A, Huffman MI, Tan DS. Direct conversion of amino acids to oxetanol bioisosteres via photoredox catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10524-10531. [PMID: 37799988 PMCID: PMC10548506 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00936j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are an important structural feature in many drugs, but are associated with a number of unfavorable pharmacological properties. To address this problem, carboxylic acids can be replaced with bioisosteric mimics that interact similarly with biological targets but avoid these liabilities. Recently, 3-oxetanols have been identified as useful carboxylic acid bioisosteres that maintain similar hydrogen-bonding capacity while decreasing acidity and increasing lipophilicity. However, the installation of 3-oxetanols generally requires multistep de novo synthesis, presenting an obstacle to investigation of these promising bioisosteres. Herein, we report a new synthetic approach involving direct conversion of carboxylic acids to 3-oxetanols using a photoredox-catalyzed decarboxylative addition to 3-oxetanone. Two versions of the transformation have been developed, in the presence or absence of CrCl3 and TMSCl cocatalysts. The reactions are effective for a variety of N-aryl α-amino acids and have excellent functional group tolerance. The Cr-free conditions generally provide higher yields and avoid the use of chromium reagents. Further, the Cr-free conditions were extended to a series of N,N-dialkyl α-amino acid substrates. Mechanistic studies suggest that the Cr-mediated reaction proceeds predominantly via in situ formation of an alkyl-Cr intermediate while the Cr-free reaction proceeds largely via radical addition to a Brønsted acid-activated ketone. Chain propagation processes provide quantum yields of 5 and 10, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelyn Mae V Delos Reyes
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10065 USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Christopher S Nieves Escobar
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10065 USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Maya I Huffman
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10065 USA
- Tri-Institutional Chemical Biology Summer Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Derek S Tan
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10065 USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10065 USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10065 USA
- Tri-Institutional Chemical Biology Summer Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10065 USA
- Tri-Institutional Research Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10065 USA
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3
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Analysis of Conformational Preferences in Caffeine. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061937. [PMID: 35335301 PMCID: PMC8949453 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High level DLPNO−CCSD(T) electronic structure calculations with extended basis sets over B3LYP−D3 optimized geometries indicate that the three methyl groups in caffeine overcome steric hindrance to adopt uncommon conformations, each one placing a C−H bond on the same plane of the aromatic system, leading to the C−H bonds eclipsing one carbonyl group, one heavily delocalized C−N bond constituent of the fused double ring aromatic system, and one C−H bond from the imidazole ring. Deletion of indiscriminate and selective non-Lewis orbitals unequivocally show that hyperconjugation in the form of a bidirectional −CH3 ⇆ aromatic system charge transfer is responsible for these puzzling conformations. The structural preferences in caffeine are exclusively determined by orbital interactions, ruling out electrostatics, induction, bond critical points, and density redistribution because the steric effect, the allylic effect, the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM), and the non-covalent interactions (NCI), all predict wrong energetic orderings. Tiny rotational barriers, not exceeding 1.3 kcal/mol suggest that at room conditions, each methyl group either acts as a free rotor or adopts fluxional behavior, thus preventing accurate determination of their conformations. In this context, our results supersede current experimental ambiguity in the assignation of methyl conformation in caffeine and, more generally, in methylated xanthines and their derivatives.
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4
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Ren LQ, He YS, Yang YT, Li ZF, Xue ZY, Li QH, Liu TL. Chlorocyclization/cycloreversion of allylic alcohols to vinyl chlorides. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01218e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unprecedented chlorination of allylic alcohols: a simple mix-and-go procedure for the cyclization/cycloreversion of secondary and tertiary allylic alcohols with chloronium ions under mild conditions and practical access to remote carbonyl vinyl chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qing Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu-Shuai He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Qing-Hua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tang-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
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5
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Pangaribowo DA, Abe M. Photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of carbonyl compounds with Danishefsky diene. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4962-4970. [PMID: 32458869 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00921k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Danishefsky diene, trans-1-methoxy-3-trimethylsilyloxy-buta-1,3-diene, has been utilized in organic synthesis in thermal reactions for a long time. The purpose of this study is to investigate the photochemical reaction of ketones with Danishefsky diene. The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition products, oxetanes, were obtained in 65%-99% yield, along with the E to Z photochemical isomerisation of the diene. A mechanism involving intermediary triplet diradicals was proposed to rationalise the formation of the oxetanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Agung Pangaribowo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan. and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember, Jawa Timur 68121, Indonesia
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan. and Hiroshima Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (Hi-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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6
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Abstract
This review represents the most complete description of the scientific results obtained on a photochemical reaction described 110 years ago by an Italian scientist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio D'Auria
- Dipartimento di Scienze
- Università della Basilicata
- 85100 Potenza
- Italy
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7
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Nagasaki K, Inoue Y, Mori T. Entropy-Driven Diastereoselectivity Improvement in the Paternò-Büchi Reaction of 1-Naphthyl Aryl Ethenes with a Chiral Cyanobenzoate through Remote Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nagasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita 565-0871 Japan
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8
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Nagasaki K, Inoue Y, Mori T. Entropy-Driven Diastereoselectivity Improvement in the Paternò-Büchi Reaction of 1-Naphthyl Aryl Ethenes with a Chiral Cyanobenzoate through Remote Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4880-4885. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nagasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita 565-0871 Japan
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9
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Melis N, Luridiana A, Guillot R, Secci F, Frongia A, Boddaert T, Aitken DJ. Stereoselective and Regioselective Pinacol-Type Rearrangement of a Fused Bicyclic Oxetanol Scaffold. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Melis
- CP A Organic Synthesis Group; ICMMO; CNRS UMR 8182; Université Paris Saclay; Université Paris Saclay; 15 rue Georges Clemenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche; Università degli studi di Cagliari; Complesso Universitario di Monserrato; S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari Italy
| | - Alberto Luridiana
- CP A Organic Synthesis Group; ICMMO; CNRS UMR 8182; Université Paris Saclay; Université Paris Saclay; 15 rue Georges Clemenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche; Università degli studi di Cagliari; Complesso Universitario di Monserrato; S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari Italy
| | - Régis Guillot
- Services Communs; ICMMO; CNRS UMR 8182; Université Paris Saclay; 15 rue Georges Clemenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Francesco Secci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche; Università degli studi di Cagliari; Complesso Universitario di Monserrato; S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari Italy
| | - Angelo Frongia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche; Università degli studi di Cagliari; Complesso Universitario di Monserrato; S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari Italy
| | - Thomas Boddaert
- CP A Organic Synthesis Group; ICMMO; CNRS UMR 8182; Université Paris Saclay; Université Paris Saclay; 15 rue Georges Clemenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - David J. Aitken
- CP A Organic Synthesis Group; ICMMO; CNRS UMR 8182; Université Paris Saclay; Université Paris Saclay; 15 rue Georges Clemenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
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10
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Brenninger C, Pöthig A, Bach T. Brønsted Acid Catalysis in Visible-Light-Induced [2+2] Photocycloaddition Reactions of Enone Dithianes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4337-4341. [PMID: 28319302 PMCID: PMC5396283 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Dithiane-protected enones (enone dithianes) were found to undergo an intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition under visible-light irradiation (λ=405 nm) in the presence of a Brønsted acid (7.5-10 mol %). Key to the success of the reaction is presumably the formation of colored thionium ions, which are intermediates of the catalytic cycle. Cyclobutanes were thus obtained in very good yields (78-90 %). It is also shown that the dithiane moiety can be reductively or oxidatively removed without affecting the photochemically constructed ring skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Brenninger
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
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11
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Brenninger C, Pöthig A, Bach T. Brønsted-Säure-Katalyse der [2+2]-Photocycloaddition von Enondithianen bei Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Brenninger
- Department Chemie und Catalysis Research Center (CRC); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department Chemie und Catalysis Research Center (CRC); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie und Catalysis Research Center (CRC); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
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12
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Bull JA, Croft RA, Davis OA, Doran R, Morgan KF. Oxetanes: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Reactivity, and Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12150-12233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary A. Croft
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Doran
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kate F. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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13
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D'Auria M, Racioppi R, Rofrano F, Stoia S, Viggiani L. Investigation of the hydroxyl directing effect on the Paternò–Büchi reaction on 5-(2-triisopropylsilyloxazolyl)methanol derivatives. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Ralph M, Ng S, Booker-Milburn KI. Short Flow-Photochemistry Enabled Synthesis of the Cytotoxic Lactone (+)-Goniofufurone. Org Lett 2016; 18:968-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ralph
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Sean Ng
- Syngenta U.K.,
Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
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15
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Yuan K, Sang R, Soulé JF, Doucet H. Desulfitative Pd-catalysed coupling reaction using benzenesulfonyl chlorides and enones as the coupling partners. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of benzenesulfonyl chlorides with some enones in the presence of a palladium catalyst affords the conjugate addition products instead of the expected Heck type products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Yuan
- Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes “Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse”
- Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes
- France
| | - Rui Sang
- Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes “Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse”
- Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes
- France
| | - Jean-François Soulé
- Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes “Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse”
- Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes
- France
| | - Henri Doucet
- Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes “Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse”
- Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes
- France
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16
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Nagasaki K, Inoue Y, Mori T. Contrasting Behaviour of Exciplex Ensembles in the Diastereodifferentiating Paternò–Büchi Reaction of Chiral Cyanobenzoate with Naphthyl- and Phenylethenes on Direct or Charge-Transfer Excitation. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The diastereodifferentiating Paternò–Büchi reaction of chiral cyanobenzoate with 1-(1-naphthyl)-1-phenylethene was compared with those with 1,1-diphenylethene on direct and charge-transfer excitations. By desymmetrization of the donor, four diastereomeric oxetane products were formed on photolysis in excellent combined yields. Increase in donor strength induced a stronger charge-transfer interaction both in ground and excited states. Thus, the difference in diastereoselectivities with two different excitation modes (i.e. direct versus charge-transfer) became less significant with a naphthyl derivative as donor. A subtle change of donor–acceptor interaction was shown to have profound effect on the nature of the excited-state complexes and thus the product (stereo)selectivities. Despite a small temperature dependence, an Eyring-type study on the diastereoselectivities confirmed that the excited charge-transfer complex is an excited species distinct from the conventional exciplex.
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17
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Yamamoto H, Ohkubo K, Akimoto S, Fukuzumi S, Tsuda A. Control of reaction pathways in the photochemical reaction of a quinone with tetramethylethylene by metal binding. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7004-17. [PMID: 24947667 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00659c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports a novel supramolecular photochemical reaction that focuses on the direct electronic interactions between a host reaction substrate and guest metal salts. The reaction pathways in the photochemical reactions of quinone derivatives bearing a methoxy group and a long oligoether sidearm QEn (n = 0 and 3) with tetramethylethylene (TME) are changed upon noncovalent complexations of the host reactant with alkali and alkaline earth metal ions and a transition metal salt. The photochemical reaction of QEn with TME provides a mixture of [2 + 2] cycloadducts 1aEn and 1bEn, hydroquinone H2QEn, and monoallyl ether adducts of hydroquinones 2aEn and 2bEn. The photochemical reaction proceeds by the photoinduced electron transfer mechanism, where photoirradiation brings about formation of a radical ion pair [QEn˙(-), TME˙(+)] as the primary intermediate. We found that the yields and selectivity of these photoproducts are changed upon electronic interactions of QEn˙(-) with the metal salts. The photochemical reaction in the absence of metal salts provides H2QEn as its major product, whereas QE3, having the long sidearm, dominantly produces 2aE3 at the expense of 1aE3, 1bE3, and H2QE3 when it forms a size-favorable host-guest complex with divalent Ca(2+). In contrast, QEn selectively provides oxetanes 1aEn and 1bEn in the presence of Pd(OAc)2, which can form complexes with the quinone through metal-olefin and coordination interactions in the ground and photoexcited states of the quinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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18
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Abe M. Recent Progress Regarding Regio-, Site-, and Stereoselective Formation of Oxetanes in Paternò-Büchi Reactions. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200800072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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D'Auria M, Racioppi R. Oxetane synthesis through the Paternò-Büchi reaction. Molecules 2013; 18:11384-428. [PMID: 24043139 PMCID: PMC6269742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180911384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Paternò-Büchi reaction is a photochemical reaction between a carbonyl compound and an alkene to give the corresponding oxetane. In this review the mechanism of the reaction is discussed. On this basis the described use in the reaction with electron rich alkenes (enolethers, enol esters, enol silyl ethers, enanines, heterocyclic compounds has been reported. The stereochemical behavior of the reaction is particularly stressed. We pointed out the reported applications of this reaction to the synthesis of naturally occuring compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio D'Auria
- Dipatimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 19, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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Burkhard JA, Wuitschik G, Rogers-Evans M, Müller K, Carreira EM. Oxetane als vielseitige Bausteine in der Wirkstoff-Forschung und Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200907155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Matsumura K, Mori T, Inoue Y. Solvent and Temperature Effects on Diastereodifferentiating Paternó−Büchi Reaction of Chiral Alkyl Cyanobenzoates with Diphenylethene upon Direct versus Charge-Transfer Excitation. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5461-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101332x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Matsumura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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23
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D'Auria M, Racioppi R. A DFT Study of 1,4-Biradical Intermediates Involved in Stereoselective Paternò-Büchi Reactions. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Matsumura K, Mori T, Inoue Y. Wavelength Control of Diastereodifferentiating Paternó−Büchi Reaction of Chiral Cyanobenzoates with Diphenylethene through Direct versus Charge-Transfer Excitation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17076-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja907156j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Matsumura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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25
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Muehling O, Wessig P. Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropanes Based on a 1,2-Chirality Transfer. Chemistry 2008; 14:7951-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Dias Lucas S, Iding H, Alker A, Peter Wessel H, Pilar Rauter A. Oxetane δ‐Amino Acids: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 2,4‐Anhydro‐5‐N‐(t‐butoxycarbonyl)amino‐D‐lyxonic Acid. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300600732485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Dias Lucas
- a F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceutical Research , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Iding
- a F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceutical Research , Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Alker
- a F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceutical Research , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Peter Wessel
- a F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceutical Research , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amélia Pilar Rauter
- b Departamento de Química e Bioquímica , Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
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27
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Wessig P, Mühling O. 1,2-Chiralitätstransfer bei der Synthese von Cyclopropanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Wessig
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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29
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Abstract
The concept "introduction of allylic 1,3-strain (A(1,3)-strain) to photochromism" originated from the experience of total synthesis of natural products about 18 years ago, when the author was a post doc. It was first applied to synthetic organic reactions, then it was successfully employed in the diastereoselective photochromic reactions of diarylethenes. A diastereomeric excess of the photoreaction was 88 % for the first example, and it was improved to 94 % by the recent operation of rational molecular tailoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yokoyama
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan.
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30
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Abe M, Kawakami T, Ohata S, Nozaki K, Nojima M. Mechanism of Stereo- and Regioselectivity in the Paternò−Büchi Reaction of Furan Derivatives with Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds: Importance of the Conformational Distribution in the Intermediary Triplet 1,4-Diradicals. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:2838-46. [PMID: 14995201 DOI: 10.1021/ja039491o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Temperature and substituent effects on the stereo- and regioselectivity have been investigated in the photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, the so-called Paternò-Büchi (PB) reaction, of unsymmetrically substituted furans 2a,b (2-methyl- and 3-methylfuran) with aromatic carbonyl compounds 1a,b (benzaldehyde and benzophenone). The regio-random but stereoselective (exo/endo > 97/3) formation of lower substituted oxetane 3a and higher substituted oxetane 4a is found in the reaction with benzaldehyde (1a). The exclusive stereoselectivity is not dependent on the position of methyl substituent on the furan ring and the reaction temperature. The double-bond selection (3a versus 4a) is slightly dependent on the reaction temperature (3a/4a = 55/45 to 40/60). The Eyring plots of the regioselectivity are linear. Contrastively, in the reaction with benzophenone (1b), the double-bond selection (3b versus 4b) largely depends on the reaction temperature. The Eyring plots are not linear, but the inflection points are observed. The transient absorption spectroscopic analyses (picosecond time scale) clarify the intervention of triplet 2-oxabutane-1,4-diyls in the photochemical processes. Computational studies reveal the equilibrium structures of the triplet diradicals, energy barriers between the conformers, and the equilibrium constants. A rational mechanism is herein proposed by the support of both experimental and computational investigations to account for not only the exclusive formation of the exo-configured oxetanes 3a and 4a but also the nonlinear Eyring plots observed in the reaction with 1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Abe
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University (HANDAI), Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
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31
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Adam W, Stegmann VR. Unusual temperature dependence in the cis/trans-oxetane formation discloses competitive syn versus anti attack for the Paternò-Büchi reaction of triplet-excited ketones with cis- and trans-cylooctenes. Conformational control of diastereoselectivity in the cyclization and cleavage of preoxetane diradicals. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:3600-7. [PMID: 11929249 DOI: 10.1021/ja017017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Toluene-d(8) solutions of cis- and trans-cyclooctene (cis- and trans-1a) as well as (Z)- and (E)-1-methylcyclooctene (cis- and trans-1b) have been irradiated at temperatures between -95 and +110 degrees C in the presence of benzophenone (BP) to afford mixtures of the cis- and trans-configured oxetanes 2a,b and the regioisomeric 2b'. Correspondingly, benzoquinone (BQ) gave with cis- and trans-1a the cycloadducts cis- and trans-3a. The cis/trans diastereomeric ratios of the [2 + 2]-cycloadducts 2 and 3 display a strong temperature dependence; with cis- and trans-1a or cis-1b as starting materials, the diastereoselectivity of the oxetane formation is high at low temperature, under preservation of the initial cyclooctene configuration. With increasing temperature, the cis diastereoselectivity decreases continuously for the cis-cyclooctenes; in the case of the cis-1a, the diastereoselectivity is even switched to trans (cis/trans ca. 20:80) at very high temperatures. For the strained trans-1a, the trans-oxetanes are strongly preferred over the entire temperature range, with only minor leakage (up to 10%) to the cis-oxetanes at very high temperatures. Oxetane formation is accompanied by nonthermal trans-to-cis isomerization of the cyclooctene. The methyl-substituted trans-1b constitutes an exceptional substrate; it displays cis diastereoselectivity in the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition at low temperatures for both regioisomers 2b and 2b', and the trans selectivity increases at moderate temperature (cis/trans = 4:96), to decrease again at high temperature, especially for the minor regioisomer 2b'. This complex temperature behavior of the cis/trans diastereoselectivity may be rationalized in terms of the triplet-diradical mechanism of the Paternò-Büchi reaction. We propose that the cyclooctene may be competitively attacked by the triplet-excited ketone from the higher (syn) or the less (anti) substituted side; such syn and anti trajectories have hitherto not been considered. To account for the unusual temperature behavior in the diastereoselectivity of the present [2 + 2] photocycloaddition, we suggest that temperature-dependent conformational changes of the resulting triplet preoxetane diradicals compete with their cyclization to the cis/trans-oxetane diastereomers and retro cleavage to the cis-cyclooctene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Adam
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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32
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Sun D, Hubig SM, Kochi JK. Oxetanes from [2+2] Cycloaddition of Stilbenes to Quinone via Photoinduced Electron Transfer. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981754n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duoli Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641
| | - Stephan M. Hubig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641
| | - Jay K. Kochi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641
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33
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Diastereoselective [3+2]-photocycloaddition of chiral 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic esters to alkenes. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Photoinduced electron transfer reactions of organosilicon compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1061-8937(99)80005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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35
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Bach T, Brummerhop H. Ungewöhnliche faciale Diastereoselektivität in der Paternò-Büchi-Reaktion eines chiralen Dihydropyrrols – eine kurze Totalsynthese von (+)-Preussin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19981217)110:24<3577::aid-ange3577>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Bach T, Eilers F. Diastereomerically Pure 1,2-Diols by Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions of 3-Oxetanols – A Study Directed Towards the Identification of Suitable Nucleophiles and the Elucidation of Possible Side Reactions. European J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199810)1998:10<2161::aid-ejoc2161>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Bach T, Kather K, Krämer O. Synthesis of Five-, Six-, and Seven-Membered Heterocycles by Intramolecular Ring Opening Reactions of 3-Oxetanol Derivatives. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo971866z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Bach
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kristian Kather
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Krämer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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39
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Bach T. The Paternò-Büchi Reaction of 3-Heteroatom-Substituted Alkenes as A Stereoselective Entry to Polyfunctional Cyclic and Acyclic Molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199719970803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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