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Zhang H, Li R, Ba S, Lu Z, Pitsinos EN, Li T, Nicolaou KC. DNA Binding and Cleavage Modes of Shishijimicin A. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7842-7852. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Ruofan Li
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sai Ba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Emmanuel N. Pitsinos
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Laboratory of Natural Products Synthesis & Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Tianhu Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Bolzán AD, Bianchi MS. DNA and chromosome damage induced by bleomycin in mammalian cells: An update. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 775:51-62. [PMID: 29555029 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. It has radiomimetic actions on DNA thus it has been widely used in clinical chemotherapy for the treatment of different types of cancer, including head and neck tumors, lymphomas, squamous-cell carcinomas and germ-cell tumors. Because of this, the study of BLM genotoxicity is of practical interest. This antibiotic is an S-independent clastogen and an agent that generates free radicals and induces single- and double-strand breaks in DNA. In the present review, we will summarize our current knowledge concerning the DNA and chromosome damage induced by BLM in mammalian cells, with emphasis on new developments published since 1991.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro D Bolzán
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CICPBA-UNLP-CONICET La Plata), calle 526 y Camino General Belgrano, B1906APO La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, calle 60 y 122, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Martha S Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CICPBA-UNLP-CONICET La Plata), calle 526 y Camino General Belgrano, B1906APO La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Greenberg MM. Reactivity of Nucleic Acid Radicals. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016; 50:119-202. [PMID: 28529390 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid oxidation plays a vital role in the etiology and treatment of diseases, as well as aging. Reagents that oxidize nucleic acids are also useful probes of the biopolymers' structure and folding. Radiation scientists have contributed greatly to our understanding of nucleic acid oxidation using a variety of techniques. During the past two decades organic chemists have applied the tools of synthetic and mechanistic chemistry to independently generate and study the reactive intermediates produced by ionizing radiation and other nucleic acid damaging agents. This approach has facilitated resolving mechanistic controversies and lead to the discovery of new reactive processes.
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Mira A, Gimenez EM, Bolzán AD, Bianchi MS, López-Larraza DM. Effect of thiol compounds on bleomycin-induced DNA and chromosome damage in human cells. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2013; 68:107-116. [PMID: 23428061 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2012.658120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-protein thiols are considered radioprotectors, preventing DNA damage by ionizing radiation. As bleomycin (BLM) is a radiomimetic agent it was proposed that thiols may prevent DNA damage produced by this antibiotic. However, results obtained with thiols and BLM-combined treatments in living cells are contradictory. The goal of this work was to assess the influence of five non-protein thiols of different electrical charge and chemical composition, on the DNA damage, DNA repair, chromosomal aberrations and cell killing induced by BLM. We found that, at the chromosomal level and cell killing, Glutathione, β-Mercaptoethanol and cysteine showed a protective effect, while ditiothreitol and cysteamine increased them, whereas at the DNA level all thiols potentiated the DNA damage induced by BLM, most probably due to a reactivation of the BLM complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Mira
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular IMBICE, CCT-CONICET La Plata-Comisiôn de Investigaciones Cientîficas de la Provinincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
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DNA damage by C1027 involves hydrogen atom abstraction and addition to nucleobases. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4744-50. [PMID: 22748380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
C1027 is a potent antitumor agent that damages DNA. It has the unusual ability to produce double strand breaks and interstrand cross-links (ICLs) intracellularly, which enable it to initiate concurrent ataxia-telangiestasia mutated (ATM) and Rad-3 related (ATR) independent damage responses. The latter form of damage is not well characterized. We have examined the effect of DNA sequence on C1027 reactivity and found it to be more diverse than previously thought. In addition, analysis of the chemical stability of ICLs suggests that they result from reaction with the deoxyribose ring on one strand but direct addition to a nucleobase on the opposite strand.
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Unexpected formation of (Z)-3-(halomethylene)isoindolinones from gem-dihalovinylbenzonitriles: efficient synthesis of enyne-containing isoindolinones. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.03.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shell TA, Mohler DL. Selective targeting of DNA for cleavage within DNA–histone assemblies by a spermine–[CpW(CO)3Ph]2 conjugate. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:3091-3. [PMID: 16106287 DOI: 10.1039/b504248h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the histone-modifying action of other complexes of the type CpML(n)R, the compound obtained by linking the phenyl rings of two CpW(CO)(3)Ph moieties to the DNA-binding agent spermine selectively cleaves DNA in DNA-histone assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Shell
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Kuo HM, Lee Chao PD, Chin DH. Delocalized electronic structure of the thiol sulfur substantially prevents nucleic acid damage induced by neocarzinostatin. Biochemistry 2002; 41:897-905. [PMID: 11790112 DOI: 10.1021/bi015771+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neocarzinostatin is a potent antitumor antibiotic and is a prodrug, which induces genome damage after activation by a thiol. The prodrug is stored as a protein-bound chromophore that contains an enediyne nucleus. A thiolate attack on the chromophore cyclizes the nucleus and produces radicals that abstract hydrogen from DNA. Because thiol is the only cofactor in the vital activation process, the structure of the thiol plays an important role in the activity of the drug. Here we systematically examine the effect of the electronic structure of some thiols on the efficiency of the drug, and compare particularly aromatic with aliphatic thiols. The values of drug-induced base release from DNA are remarkably different between thiophenol (3.6%) and benzyl mercaptan (12.5%), the activity of which is comparable with those of aliphatic thiols. Cleavage results determined by DNA electrophoresis are consistent with the results of base release; they show that the total number of DNA lesions is more than 3-fold lower for thiophenol than for aliphatic thiols or benzyl mercaptan. We conclude that among aromatic thiols, only those that have delocalized thiol sulfur electrons can substantially reduce the DNA cleavage activity. This result suggests that the effect of an aromatic ring arises from an inductive effect imposed on the thiol sulfur electron through pi-resonance rather than through effects such as aromatic stacking, steric hindrance, or hydrophobic interaction. Replacing thiophenol with substituted derivatives with electron-releasing or -withdrawing groups changes the drug activity and supports the important role of the electronic structure of the thiol sulfur in determining the drug activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Maan Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Bradley PM, Fu PKL, Turro C. Excited State Properties of Rh2(O2CCH3)4: Solution Photochemistry and Photoinitiated DNA Cleavage. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/02603590108050878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hurley AL, Mohler DL. Organometallic photonucleases: synthesis and DNA-cleavage studies of cyclopentadienyl metal-substituted dendrimers designed to increase double-strand scission. Org Lett 2000; 2:2745-8. [PMID: 10964355 DOI: 10.1021/ol006030o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A series of metal complex-substituted polyamine dendrimers have been synthesized and examined for their ability to cleave plasmid DNA in a double-stranded manner. While photolysis of the dimetallic spermine derivative and the tetrametallic DAB-Am-4 complex led to double-strand scission, in the larger DAB-Am-8 and DAB-Am-16 systems, DNA aggregation/precipitation was the predominant competing process observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hurley
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Pierce Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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DNA damage induced via independent generation of the radical resulting from formal hydrogen atom abstraction from the C1′-position of a nucleotide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(98)90619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Chen T, Greenberg MM. Model Studies Indicate That Copper Phenanthroline Induces Direct Strand Breaks via β-Elimination of the 2‘-Deoxyribonolactone Intermediate Observed in Enediyne Mediated DNA Damage. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9800075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongqian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Marc M. Greenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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LaMarr WA, Yu L, Nicolaou KC, Dedon PC. Supercoiling affects the accessibility of glutathione to DNA-bound molecules: positive supercoiling inhibits calicheamicin-induced DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:102-7. [PMID: 9419336 PMCID: PMC18140 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.1.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA superhelical tension, an important feature of genomic organization, is known to affect the interactions of intercalating molecules with DNA. However, the effect of torsional tension on nonintercalative DNA-binding chemicals has received less attention. We demonstrate here that the enediyne calicheamicin gamma1I, a strand-breaking agent specific to the minor groove, causes approximately 50% more damage in negatively supercoiled plasmid DNA than in DNA with positive superhelicity. Furthermore, we show that the decrease in damage in positively supercoiled DNA is controlled at the level of thiol activation of the drug. Our results suggest that supercoiling may affect both the activity of nonintercalating genotoxins in vivo and the accessibility of glutathione and other small physiologic molecules to DNA-bound chemicals or reactions occurring in the grooves of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A LaMarr
- Division of Toxicology, 56-787, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Xu YJ, Xi Z, Zhen YS, Goldberg IH. Mechanism of formation of novel covalent drug.DNA interstrand cross-links and monoadducts by enediyne antitumor antibiotics. Biochemistry 1997; 36:14975-84. [PMID: 9402755 DOI: 10.1021/bi972101o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The potent enediyne antitumor antibiotic C1027 has been previously reported to induce novel DNA interstrand cross-links and drug monoadducts under anaerobic conditions [Xu et al. (1997) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 1133-1134]. In the present study, we explored the mechanism of formation of these anaerobic DNA lesions. We found that, similar to the aerobic reaction, the diradical species of the activated drug initiates anaerobic DNA damage by abstracting hydrogen atoms from the C4', C1', and C5' positions of the A1, A2, and A3 nucleotides, respectively, in the most preferred 5'GTTA1T/5'ATA2A3C binding sequence. It is proposed that the newly generated deoxyribosyl radicals, which cannot undergo oxidation, likely add back onto the nearby unsaturated ring system of the postactivated enediyne core, inducing the formation of interstrand cross-links, connecting either A1 to A2 or A1 to A3, or drug monoadducts mainly on A2 or A3. Comparative studies with other enediynes, such as neocarzinostatin and calicheamicin gamma 1I under similar reaction conditions indicate that the anaerobic reaction process is a kinetically competitive one, depending on the proximity of the drug unsaturated ring system or dioxygen to the sugar radicals and their quenching by other hydrogen sources such as solvent or thiols. It was found that C1027 mainly generates interstrand cross-links, whereas most of the anaerobic lesions produced by neocarzinostatin are drug monoadducts. Calicheamicin gamma 1 (1) was found to be less efficient in producing both lesions. The anaerobic DNA lesions induced by enediyne antitumor antibiotics may have important implications for their potent cytotoxicity in the central regions of large tumors, where relative anaerobic conditions prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Xu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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