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Baydoun O, Buffeteau T, Brotin T. Enantiopure cryptophane derivatives: Synthesis and chiroptical properties. Chirality 2021; 33:562-596. [PMID: 34464474 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the synthesis of enantiopure cryptophane and the study of their chiroptical properties. Cryptophane derivatives represent an important class of macrocyclic compounds that can bind a large range of species in solution under different conditions. The overwhelming majority of these host molecules is chiral, and their chiroptical properties have been thoroughly investigated. The first part of this review is dedicated to the optical resolution and the synthesis of enantiopure cryptophane derivatives. In a second part, the study of the chiroptical properties of these molecular hosts by different techniques such as electronic and vibrational circular dichroism and Raman optical activity is detailed. These techniques allow the determination of the absolute configuration of cryptophane derivatives and provide useful information about their conformation in different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsola Baydoun
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Buffeteau
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux University, Talence, France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Lyon, France
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2
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Zhang J, Xie S, Zi M, Yuan L. Recent advances of application of porous molecular cages for enantioselective recognition and separation. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:134-149. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Hui Zhang
- Department of ChemistryYunnan Normal University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Sheng‐Ming Xie
- Department of ChemistryYunnan Normal University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Min Zi
- Department of ChemistryYunnan Normal University Kunming P. R. China
| | - Li‐Ming Yuan
- Department of ChemistryYunnan Normal University Kunming P. R. China
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Szyszka Ł, Cmoch P, Butkiewicz A, Potopnyk MA, Jarosz S. Synthesis of Cyclotriveratrylene-Sucrose-Based Capsules. Org Lett 2019; 21:6523-6528. [PMID: 31389709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) is a C3-symmetrical macrocycle, which can be used as a chiral building block in the construction of supramolecular containers. Coupling of the CTV unit with a sucrose molecule gave enantiopure water-soluble (after deprotection) containers. The absolute configuration of the synthesized capsules was determined by NMR and ECD spectroscopies and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Szyszka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Aleksandra Butkiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Mykhaylo A Potopnyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Sławomir Jarosz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
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Götz S, Schneider A, Lützen A. Efficient resolution of racemic crown-shaped cyclotriveratrylene derivatives and isolation and characterization of the intermediate saddle isomer. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1339-1346. [PMID: 31293683 PMCID: PMC6604736 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparative resolution of a trifunctionalized C3-symmetrical chiral cyclotriveratrylene derivative was achieved via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a chiral stationary phase. This approach is a promising alternative to the previously reported resolution through formation of diastereomeric esters because it involves fewer synthetic steps and is less prone to thermal (re)racemization. During these studies an intermediate saddle conformer could also be isolated and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The HPLC separation method was further developed in order to allow investigations on the racemization behavior of the cyclotriveratrylene derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Götz
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneider
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Arne Lützen
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Gao L, Liu W, Lee OS, Dmochowski IJ, Saven JG. Xe affinities of water-soluble cryptophanes and the role of confined water. Chem Sci 2015; 6:7238-7248. [PMID: 29861959 PMCID: PMC5950801 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02401c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simulations provide molecular insight on the aqueous binding of Xe to cryptophanes.
Given their relevance to drug design and chemical sensing, host–guest interactions are of broad interest in molecular science. Natural and synthetic host molecules provide vehicles for understanding selective molecular recognition in aqueous solution. Here, cryptophane–Xe host–guest systems are considered in aqueous media as a model molecular system that also has important applications. 129Xe–cryptophane systems can be used in the creation of biosensors and powerful contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging applications. Detailed molecular information on the determinants of Xe affinity is difficult to obtain experimentally. Thus, molecular simulation and free energy perturbation methods were applied to estimate the affinities of Xe for six water-soluble cryptophanes. The calculated affinities correlated well with the previously measured experimental values. The simulations provided molecular insight on the differences in affinities and the roles of conformational fluctuations, solvent, and counter ions on Xe binding to these host molecules. Displacement of confined water from the host interior cavity is a key component of the binding equilibrium, and the average number of water molecules within the host cavity is correlated with the free energy of Xe binding to the different cryptophanes. The findings highlight roles for molecular simulation and design in modulating the relative strengths of host–guest and host–solvent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
| | - Wenhao Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
| | - One-Sun Lee
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute , Hamad Bin Khalifa University , Qatar Foundation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
| | - Jeffery G Saven
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
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Tamaki K, Ishigami A, Tanaka Y, Yamanaka M, Kobayashi K. Self-Assembled Boronic Ester Cavitand Capsules with Various Bis(catechol) Linkers: Cavity-Expanded and Chiral Capsules. Chemistry 2015; 21:13714-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cochrane JR, Schmitt A, Wille U, Hutton CA. Synthesis of cyclic peptide hemicryptophanes: enantioselective recognition of a chiral zwitterionic guest. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8504-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Schurig V. Salient Features of Enantioselective Gas Chromatography: The Enantiomeric Differentiation of Chiral Inhalation Anesthetics as a Representative Methodological Case in Point. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 340:153-207. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Brotin T, Guy L, Martinez A, Dutasta JP. Enantiopure supramolecular cages: synthesis and chiral recognition properties. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 341:177-230. [PMID: 24173672 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Enantiopure compounds are ubiquitous in the chemical sciences and present a particular interest in the field of molecular recognition and host-guest systems. Indeed, chiral molecular receptors are at the basis of numerous biological recognition processes and have important implications in biochemistry or pharmacology. Chemists have been investigating this field for several decades, which has led to the development of the synthesis of chiral hosts, their enantiomeric differentiation, and the studies of their recognition properties towards important and bio-relevant chiral guest substrates. The design of molecular cages is a rather difficult task that is even more demanding when enantiopure molecules are required. In this review we chose to present the main families of synthetic organic supramolecular cages that have been developed, whose structures contain stereogenic centers or present an inherent chirality, giving rise to chiral supramolecular cages. Particular attention is given to obtaining enantiopure compounds. Their recognition properties are also underlined. A last important aspect of the review is to present how chiroptical spectroscopies can be used to characterize the recognition phenomena displayed by supramolecular cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, ENS-Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
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10
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Payet E, Dimitrov-Raytchev P, Chatelet B, Guy L, Grass S, Lacour J, Dutasta JP, Martinez A. Absolute Configuration and Enantiodifferentiation of a Hemicryptophane Incorporating an Azaphosphatrane Moiety. Chirality 2012; 24:1077-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Payet
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS; École Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon; France
| | | | - Bastien Chatelet
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS; École Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon; France
| | - Laure Guy
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS; École Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon; France
| | - Stephane Grass
- Département de Chimie Organique; Université de Genève; Genève 4; Switzerland
| | - Jerome Lacour
- Département de Chimie Organique; Université de Genève; Genève 4; Switzerland
| | | | - Alexandre Martinez
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS; École Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon; France
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11
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Taratula O, Kim MP, Bai Y, Philbin JP, Riggle BA, Haase DN, Dmochowski IJ. Synthesis of enantiopure, trisubstituted cryptophane-A derivatives. Org Lett 2012; 14:3580-3. [PMID: 22783828 DOI: 10.1021/ol300943w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of enantiopure, trisubstituted cryptophane-A derivatives, organic host molecules with unusually high xenon affinity, is reported. Synthesis and chromatographic separation of (±) tri-Mosher's acid substituted cryptophane diastereomers gave ready access to the enantiopure cryptophanes, which are critical components in the design of enantiomerically pure (129)Xe biosensors. Hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR spectroscopy identified single resonances for both trisubstituted cryptophane diastereomers that were separated by 9.5 ppm. This highlights opportunities for using enantiopure xenon biosensors in the simultaneous detection of (129)Xe in different biochemical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Taratula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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12
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Ramig K, Lavinda O, Szalda DJ. The highly stereoselective decarboxylation of (+)-1-bromo-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoropropanoic acid to give (+)-1-bromo-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane [(+)-halothane] with retention of configuration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Yu JT, Huang ZT, Zheng QY. Synthesis, structure, fullerene-binding and resolution of C3-symmetric cavitands with rigid and deep cavities. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1359-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06465g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Bouchet A, Brotin T, Linares M, Ågren H, Cavagnat D, Buffeteau T. Enantioselective Complexation of Chiral Propylene Oxide by an Enantiopure Water-Soluble Cryptophane. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4178-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200519r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Bouchet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (UMR 5255-CNRS), Université Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l’ENS-LYON (UMR 5182-CNRS), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Cavagnat
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (UMR 5255-CNRS), Université Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Thierry Buffeteau
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (UMR 5255-CNRS), Université Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
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Perraud O, Robert V, Martinez A, Dutasta JP. The Cooperative Effect in Ion-Pair Recognition by a Ditopic Hemicryptophane Host. Chemistry 2011; 17:4177-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Darquié B, Stoeffler C, Shelkovnikov A, Daussy C, Amy-Klein A, Chardonnet C, Zrig S, Guy L, Crassous J, Soulard P, Asselin P, Huet TR, Schwerdtfeger P, Bast R, Saue T. Progress toward the first observation of parity violation in chiral molecules by high-resolution laser spectroscopy. Chirality 2011; 22:870-84. [PMID: 20839292 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Parity violation (PV) effects in chiral molecules have so far never been experimentally observed. To take up this challenge, a consortium of physicists, chemists, theoreticians, and spectroscopists has been established and aims at measuring PV energy differences between two enantiomers by using high-resolution laser spectroscopy. In this article, we present our common strategy to reach this goal, the progress accomplished in the diverse areas, and point out directions for future PV observations. The work of André Collet on bromochlorofluoromethane (1) enantiomers, their synthesis, and their chiral recognition by cryptophanes made feasible the first generation of experiments presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Darquié
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, UMR7538 Université Paris 13-CNRS, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
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Raytchev PD, Perraud O, Aronica C, Martinez A, Dutasta JP. A New Class of C3-Symmetrical Hemicryptophane Hosts: Triamide- and Tren-hemicryptophanes. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2099-102. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100052r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Dimitrov Raytchev
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Olivier Perraud
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Christophe Aronica
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
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Martinez A, Robert V, Gornitzka H, Dutasta JP. Controlling Helical Chirality in Atrane Structures: Solvent-Dependent Chirality Sense in Hemicryptophane-Oxidovanadium(V) Complexes. Chemistry 2010; 16:520-7. [PMID: 19918819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Martinez
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon 07, France
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De Montigny F, Guy L, Pilet G, Vanthuyne N, Roussel C, Lombardi R, Freedman TB, Nafie LA, Crassous J. Subtle chirality in oxo- and sulfidorhenium(v) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4841-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b907924f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Gajda R, Katrusiak A, Crassous J. Pressure-controlled aggregation in carboxylic acids. A case study on the polymorphism of bromochlorofluoroacetic acid. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b910409g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
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Ruiz EJ, Sears DN, Pines A, Jameson CJ. Diastereomeric Xe chemical shifts in tethered cryptophane cages. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:16980-8. [PMID: 17177449 DOI: 10.1021/ja066661z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cryptophane cages serve as host molecules to a Xe atom. Functionalization of cryptophane-A has permitted the development of Xe as a biosensor. Synthetic routes used to prepare cryptophanes result in racemic mixtures of the chiral cages. In the preparation of a tethered cryptophane-A cage for biosensor applications, some achiral and chiral substituents such as left-handed amino acids have been used. When the substituent is achiral, the NMR signal of the Xe atom in the functionalized cage in solution is a single isotropic peak, since the Xe shielding tensor components in the R and L cages differ by no more than the signs of the off-diagonal elements. Chiral substituents can split the cage-encapsulated Xe NMR signal into one or more sets of doublets, depending on the number of asymmetric centers in the substituent. We carry out quantum mechanical calculations of Xe nuclear magnetic shielding for the Xe atom at the same strategic position within an L cryptophane-A cage, under the influence of chiral potentials that represent r or l substituents outside the cage. Calculations of the Xe shielding response in the Lr and Ll diastereomeric pairs permit the prediction of the relative order of the Xe chemical shifts in solutions containing the Rl and Ll diastereomers. Where the substituent itself possesses two chiral centers, comparison of the calculated isotropic shielding responses in the Llr, Lrl, Rll, and Lrr systems, respectively, permits the prediction of the Xe spectrum of diastereomeric systems in solutions containing Llr, Rlr, Lll, and Rll systems. Assignment of the peaks observed in the experimental Xe NMR spectra is therefore possible, without having to undertake the difficult synthetic route that produces a single optically pure enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Janette Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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26
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Soulard P, Asselin P, Cuisset A, Aviles Moreno JR, Huet TR, Petitprez D, Demaison J, Freedman TB, Cao X, Nafie LA, Crassous J. Chlorofluoroiodomethane as a potential candidate for parity violation measurements. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:79-92. [PMID: 16482247 DOI: 10.1039/b510675c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CHFClI is among the more favorable molecules for parity violation (PV) measurements in molecules. Despite the fact that calculated PV effects are two orders of magnitude smaller than in some organometallic compounds, CHFClI displays interesting features which could make possible a new experimental PV test on this molecule. Indeed, ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy using an ultrastable CO(2) laser is favored by several intrinsic properties of this molecule. For example, the high vapor pressure of CHFClI allows investigation by supersonic beam spectroscopy. Indeed, the spectroscopic constants have been accurately determined by microwave and millimetre wave spectroscopy. This is important for the subsequent selection of an appropriate absorption band of CHFClI that could be brought to coïncide with the absorption of CO(2). Partially resolved (+)- and (-)-CHFClI enantiomers with respectively 63.3 and 20.5% ee's have been recently prepared and analyzed by molecular recognition using chiral hosts called cryptophanes. Finally, the S-(+)/R-(-) absolute configuration was ascertained by vibrational circular dichroïsm (VCD) in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Soulard
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, CNRS Laboratoire Dynamique Interactions et Réactivité, UMR 7075, Case 49, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Francisco CG, González CC, Kennedy AR, Paz NR, Suárez E. Synthesis and stability of mixed nonfluorinated 1,1,1-trihalo-alkanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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First enantiopure calix[6]aza-cryptand: synthesis and chiral recognition properties towards neutral molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Crassous J, Chardonnet C, Saue T, Schwerdtfeger P. Recent experimental and theoretical developments towards the observation of parity violation (PV) effects in molecules by spectroscopy. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:2218-24. [PMID: 16010350 DOI: 10.1039/b504212g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Parity violation (PV) at the molecular level is known to be responsible for a tiny energy difference between the two enantiomers of a chiral molecule. This parity violation energy difference (PVED) has not yet been detected by experiment. In the last few years, the search for PV effects in molecules has made important steps ahead for several reasons. On one hand, very accurate infra-red spectroscopy measurements were performed by metrologists on bromochlorofluoromethane (CHFClBr) with a 10 Hz accuracy, which so far is the most precise. On the other hand, relativistic calculations were used for the evaluation of DeltaE(PV) allowing for a screening of favorable molecules for future measurements. The synthesis of such chiral molecules with high parity violation effects is currently being investigated. In memory of Professor Jean-Bernard Robert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Crassous
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5182, 46, Allée d'Italie, F-69364, Lyon 07, France.
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Siering C, Grimme S, Waldvogel SR. Direct Assignment of Enantiofacial Discrimination on Single Heterocyclic Substrates by Self-induced CD. Chemistry 2005; 11:1877-88. [PMID: 15674980 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first direct assignment of highly dynamic enantiofacial discrimination acting on a single heterocyclic substrate has been achieved by a combination of experimental and theoretical CD spectroscopy. The interaction of chirally modified hosts based on triphenylene ketals with appropriate prochiral guests can lead to the preferential formation of one diastereomeric host-guest complex. This reversible stereoselective binding transmits the chiral information from remote chiral groups in the host to the strongly absorbing triphenylene chromophore, which gives rise to self-induced CD. This effect was exploited for the determination of the enantiofacial recognition in various host-guest systems. Inversion of the steric demand either of the chiral substituents at the host or of the prochiral guest leads to almost complete inversion of the resulting CD spectra. For the assignment of the absolute stereochemistry of the complexes, a combined molecular dynamics/quantum-chemical approach was successfully employed. Despite the size and the highly dynamic character of the supramolecular systems, fundamental properties of the systems and details of the spectra were simulated accurately, providing access to fast and reliable assignment of the enantiofacial preference. The results are highly consistent with available X-ray data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Siering
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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31
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Gautier A, Mulatier JC, Crassous J, Dutasta JP. Chiral Trialkanolamine-Based Hemicryptophanes: Synthesis and Oxovanadium Complex. Org Lett 2005; 7:1207-10. [PMID: 15787468 DOI: 10.1021/ol047469+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A novel class of chiral hemicryptophane hosts has been synthesized in diastereoisomerically pure form, namely, M-(R,R,R)-1a/P-(S,S,S)-1a and M-(S,S,S)-1b/P-(R,R,R)-1b. The C3-symmetrical precursor 9 was prepared, using either (R)- or (S)-glycidyl nosylate, repectively, as the chiral pool reactant and subsequently cyclized (trimerized) in the presence of Sc(OTf)3. The four stereoisomers were fully characterized and displayed two pairs of mirror-image CD spectra, which were used to determine their absolute configuration. The formation of the oxovanadium(V) complex of hemicryptophane 1a is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Gautier
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5182, 46, Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
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32
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Jiang Z, Crassous J, Schurig V. Gas-chromatographic separation of tri(hetero)halogenomethane enantiomers. Chirality 2005; 17:488-93. [PMID: 16113994 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Five-atomic tri(hetero)halogenomethanes represent the simplest class of non-isotopic small chiral molecules suitable for the study of fundamental aspects of chirality. The analytical gas-chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of bromochlorofluoromethane 1 and of chlorofluoroiodomethane 2 on the immobilized chiral stationary phase octakis(3-O-butanoyl-2,6-di-O-n-pentyl)-gamma-cyclodextrin 3, chemically linked to polydimethylsiloxane, is described. By temperature-dependent thermodynamic measurements very low isoenantioselective temperatures T(iso) are found and for optimum enantiomeric separations cryogenic temperatures are required. The ee values of enantiomerically enriched tri(hetero)halogenomethanes 1 and 2 are determined and relative configurations are correlated with the chromatographic elution order of 1 and 2 on 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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33
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Mough ST, Goeltz JC, Holman KT. Isolation and Structure of an ?Imploded? Cryptophane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200460866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Mough ST, Goeltz JC, Holman KT. Isolation and Structure of an ?Imploded? Cryptophane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 43:5631-5. [PMID: 15495202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200460866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Mough
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
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35
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Crassous J, Hediger S. Dynamics of CHFClBr and CDFClBr Inside a Thiomethylated Cryptophane, Studied by 19F−H CSA-DD Cross-Correlated Relaxation and 2H Quadrupolar Relaxation Measurements. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0305685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Crassous
- Laboratoire de Chimie (UMR 5532 CNRS/ENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Sabine Hediger
- Laboratoire de Chimie (UMR 5532 CNRS/ENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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36
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Fioroni M, Burger K, Roccatano D. Chiral discrimination in liquid 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-ol: A molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1606676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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37
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Almeida DRP, Gasparro DM, Pisterzi LF, Torday LL, Varro A, Papp JG, Penke B, Csizmadia IG. Molecular Study on the Enantiomeric Relationships of Carvedilol Fragment A, 4-(2-Hydroxypropoxy)carbazol, along with Selected Analogues. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030057i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. P. Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Laboratories, 80 Saint George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701, Division of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701,
| | - Donna M. Gasparro
- Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Laboratories, 80 Saint George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701, Division of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701,
| | - Luca F. Pisterzi
- Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Laboratories, 80 Saint George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701, Division of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701,
| | - Ladislaus L. Torday
- Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Laboratories, 80 Saint George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701, Division of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701,
| | - Andras Varro
- Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Laboratories, 80 Saint George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701, Division of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701,
| | - Julius Gy. Papp
- Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Laboratories, 80 Saint George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701, Division of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701,
| | - Botond Penke
- Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Laboratories, 80 Saint George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701, Division of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701,
| | - Imre G. Csizmadia
- Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Laboratories, 80 Saint George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701, Division of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Szeged University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary-6701,
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38
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Crassous J, Monier F, Dutasta JP, Ziskind M, Daussy C, Grain C, Chardonnet C. Search for resolution of chiral fluorohalogenomethanes and parity-violation effects at the molecular level. Chemphyschem 2003; 4:541-8. [PMID: 12836475 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200200536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The first observation of a parity-violation effect in molecules induced by weak interactions is still a dream that requires the synthesis and, eventually, the resolution of the enantiomers of well-chosen simple chiral molecules together with an appropriate experimental set-up for high-resolution spectroscopy. Performing IR spectroscopy on highly enantiomerically enriched samples of bromochlorofluoromethane succeeded in giving an upper limit of 10(-13) for the relative vibrational energy difference between the two enantiomers. These results led us to conceive a new experimental set-up based on a supersonic molecular beam and to work on other chiral molecules, such as chlorofluoroiodomethane. A synthesis of (+/-)-CHCIFI from racemic chlorofluoroiodoacetic acid should, in the near future permit the preparation of optically active samples of this haloform. The development of molecular beam spectroscopy using a two-photon Ramsey-fringes experiment should allow us to reach the precision needed to observe parity violation. These experimental challenges, which stimulate a close collaboration between chemists and physicists, are presented. The success of these projects would open the route to new information on the molecular Hamiltonian, a better knowledge of the electroweak interaction, and a better control of the various chirality-related properties of simple molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Crassous
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR CNRS 5532-Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France.
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39
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Péchiné JM, Meddour A, Courtieu J. Monitoring the differential ordering of enantiomers included into cyclodextrins through deuterium NMR in lyotropic liquid crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2002:1734-5. [PMID: 12196973 DOI: 10.1039/b205256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deuterium NMR in an aqueous non-chiral liquid crystal allows the discrimination of enantiomers through their ordering inside beta-cyclodextrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Péchiné
- Laboratoire de Chimie Structurale Organique, I.C.M.O, ESA CNRS no. 8074, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405, Orsay, France
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40
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41
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Boussac H, Crassous J, Dutasta JP, Grosvalet L, Thozet A. Resolution and absolute configuration of bromofluoroacetic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Novak
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Dong Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Anthony W. Potts
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
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43
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High precision rovibrational and hyperfine analysis of the v 4 =1 level of bromochlorofluoromethane. J Mol Struct 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(01)00851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Rivera JM, Martín T, Rebek J. Chiral softballs: synthesis and molecular recognition properties. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:5213-20. [PMID: 11457383 DOI: 10.1021/ja004080i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the different congeners of the softball were undertaken to explore structural variants for enantioselective encapsulation. Two different spacer elements in the monomeric subunit render the dimeric softball chiral although the monomer itself is achiral. The dimers represent capsules with dissymmetric cavities with volumes ranging from 190 to 390 A(3). The cavities are distorted spheres, and asymmetric guests, such as naturally occurring terpenes, generally prefer one enantiomer of the capsule to its mirror image. The selectivities are moderate (up to 4:1). The complexation studies show that the host capsules are flexible enough to arrange themselves comfortably around a guest but still maintain enough rigidity to be influenced by the occupancy of a chiral guest. The enantiomeric capsules can interconvert (racemize) by dissociation and recombination of their subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rivera
- Contribution from The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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45
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Grimme S. Calculation of frequency dependent optical rotation using density functional response theory. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Zhong Z, Ikeda A, Shinkai S, Sakamoto S, Yamaguchi K. Creation of novel chiral cryptophanes by a self-assembling method utilizing a pyridyl-Pd(II) interaction. Org Lett 2001; 3:1085-7. [PMID: 11277801 DOI: 10.1021/ol0157205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text]. This Letter demonstrates the molecular design of novel self-assembled chiral cryptophanes. Mediated by square-planar Pd(II) complexes, racemic pyridyl cyclotriveratrylene derivative rac-2 self-assembles into mixtures of racemic chiral cryptophanes and meso cryptophanes (1), which interconvert with each other, and the rates are remarkably enhanced by the addition of a slight excess of rac-2. On the other hand, optically resolved P-2 or M-2 self-assembles into the chiral cryptophane as the only product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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47
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Santamaría J, Martín T, Hilmersson G, Craig SL, Rebek J. Guest exchange in an encapsulation complex: a supramolecular substitution reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:8344-7. [PMID: 10411877 PMCID: PMC17519 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.15.8344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation complexes are reversibly formed assemblies in which small molecule guests are completely surrounded by large molecule hosts. The assemblies are held together by weak intermolecular forces and are dynamic: they form and dissipate on time scales ranging from milliseconds to days-long enough for many interactions, even reactions, to take place within them. Little information is available on the exchange process, how guests get in and out of these complexes. Here we report that these events can be slow enough for conventional kinetic studies, and reactive intermediates can be detected. Guest exchange has much in common with familiar chemical substitution reactions, but differs in some respects: no covalent bonds are made or broken, the substrate is an assembly rather than a single molecule, and at least four molecules are involved in multiple rate-determining steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Santamaría
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayub Jasat
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
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49
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Kirchhoff PD, Dutasta JP, Collet A, McCammon JA. Dynamic and Rotational Analysis of Cryptophane Host−Guest Systems: Challenges of Describing Molecular Recognition. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja981526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Kirchhoff
- Contribution from the Stéréochimie et Interactions moléculaires, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0365
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- Contribution from the Stéréochimie et Interactions moléculaires, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0365
| | - André Collet
- Contribution from the Stéréochimie et Interactions moléculaires, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0365
| | - J. Andrew McCammon
- Contribution from the Stéréochimie et Interactions moléculaires, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0365
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50
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Abstract
Molecules with self-complementary surfaces interact through weak intermolecular forces to form assemblies, and the assembled states frequently exhibit distinctive properties. Described here are systems in which symmetrical molecules assemble through hydrogen bonding to produce capsules with dissymmetric cavities. The capsules form and dissipate on a time scale that permits their direct observation by nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, and they act as hosts for smaller molecular guests. Molecular recognition of chiral guests, such as naturally occurring terpenes, determines which dissymmetric cavities are preferentially formed in the assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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