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Zhang C, Lin X, Tang X, Fittschen C, Hartweg S, Garcia GA, Long B, Zhang W, Nahon L. Vacuum ultraviolet photochemistry of sulfuric acid vapor: a combined experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2015-2021. [PMID: 35018921 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05237c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization study of the gas-phase sulfuric acid (H2SO4) molecule in the 11-14 eV energy range by using the method of synchrotron radiation-based double imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (i2PEPICO) spectroscopy complemented with accurate theoretical calculations. The slow photoelectron spectrum (SPES) of H2SO4 has been acquired and the three electronic states of H2SO4+, X2A, A2A and B2A have been populated and assigned. The adiabatic ionization energy of the H2SO4 molecule towards the X2A cationic ground state is measured at 11.684 ± 0.006 eV, in accordance with high-level calculated findings. With increasing photon energies, the H2SO4+ cation dissociates into HSO3+ and OH fragments and their adiabatic appearance energy is measured at 13.498 ± 0.007 eV. Then, the enthalpies of formation for the species involved in the photoionization and dissociative photoionization have been determined through a thermochemical cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China. .,Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China.,University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Xiaoxiao Lin
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China.
| | - Christa Fittschen
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sebastian Hartweg
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Gustavo A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Bo Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, China.
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Jenne C, Keßler M, Warneke J. Protic anions [H(B12X12)]- (X = F, Cl, Br, I) that act as Brønsted acids in the gas phase. Chemistry 2015; 21:5887-91. [PMID: 25735766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The acidity of protic cations and neutral molecules has been studied extensively in the gas phase, and the gas-phase acidity has been established previously as a very useful measure of the intrinsic acidity of neutral and cationic compounds. However, no data for any anionic acids were available prior to this study. The protic anions [H(B12X12)](-) (X = F, Cl, Br, I) are expected to be the most acidic anions known to date. Therefore, they were investigated in this study with respect to their ability to protonate neutral molecules in the gas phase by using a combination of mass spectrometry and quantum-chemical calculations. For the first time it was shown that in the gas phase protic anions are also able to protonate neutral molecules and thus act as Brønsted acids. According to theoretical calculations, [H(B12I12)](-) is the most acidic gas-phase anion, whereas in actual protonation experiments [H(B12Cl12)](-) is the most potent gas-phase acidic anion for the protonation of neutral molecules. This discrepancy is explained by ion pairing and kinetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Jenne
- Fachbereich C, Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal (Germany).
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Himmel D, Goll SK, Leito I, Krossing I. Anchor Points for the Unified Brønsted Acidity Scale: The rCCC Model for the Calculation of Standard Gibbs Energies of Proton Solvation in Eleven Representative Liquid Media. Chemistry 2011; 17:5808-26. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Richard RM, Ball DW. G2, G3, and complete basis set calculations of optimized geometries, vibrational frequencies, and thermodynamic properties of azatriboretidine and triazaboretidine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kazanskii VB, Solkan VN. Solvation of protons in anhydrous H2SO4 as the main factor determining its superacidic properties. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02756138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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