1
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Kawabuchi Y, Suzuki T, Wada Y, Sunada Y. Reductive Retrocyclization of a Mangana(II)cyclopentasilane to Form Manganese(0) Bis(η 2-disilene) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319804. [PMID: 38329155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-exchange reactions on a mangana(II)cyclopentasilane complex that contains two THF ligands with aryl isocyanides led to the formation of manganese(0) bis(η2-disilene) complexes via a retrocyclization. In stark contrast, ligand-exchange reactions with CNtBu, an N-heterocyclic carbene, or pyridine-based ligands furnished manganese(II) complexes wherein the manganacyclopentasilane framework remained intact. The thermolysis of the obtained bis(η2-disilene) complex in the presence of mesityl isocyanide led to the formation of a cyclotetrasilane via the formal dimerization of the two η2-disilene moieties. The insertion of a mesityl isocyanide into the Mn-Siβ bond results in the formation of a manganese(II) complex supported by a [SiCSi]-type tridentate ligand scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kawabuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Wada
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sunada
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
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2
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Burnett S, Bourne C, Slawin AMZ, van Mourik T, Stasch A. Umpolung of an Aliphatic Ketone to a Magnesium Ketone‐1,2‐diide Complex with Vicinal Dianionic Charge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204472. [PMID: 35762819 PMCID: PMC9541192 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The new β‐diketimine iPrDipnacnacH, HC(iPrCNDip)2H, Dip=2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3, was converted to the magnesium(I) complex [{(iPrDipnacnac)Mg}2] and reaction with 2‐adamantanone (OAd) afforded the ketone‐1,2‐diide complex [{(iPrDipnacnac)Mg}2(μ‐OAd)]. The complex contains the first stable dianion of an aliphatic ketone with an electropositive metal and shows an OAd2− unit with long C−O bond and pyramidal carbon centre. DFT studies reveal an anionic charge on both neighbouring C and O atoms. Reductions of aliphatic ketones with magnesium(I) complexes show that these likely proceed via highly reactive dianions and afforded a 1 : 1 mixture of an alkoxide and an enolate when an enolisable ketone was used, and rapid CH activations reactions, e.g., of stabilising ligand moieties, when non‐enolisable ketones were employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Burnett
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Connor Bourne
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Tanja van Mourik
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andreas Stasch
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
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3
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Burnett S, Bourne C, Slawin AMZ, van Mourik T, Stasch A. Umpolung of an Aliphatic Ketone to a Magnesium Ketone‐1,2‐diide Complex with Vicinal Dianionic Charge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Burnett
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Connor Bourne
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Tanja van Mourik
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Andreas Stasch
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry North Haugh KY169ST St Andrews UNITED KINGDOM
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4
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Ni J, Xia X, Zheng WF, Wang Z. Ti-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Cyclopropanation of Carboxylic Derivatives with Terminal Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7889-7900. [PMID: 35442655 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanols and cyclopropylamines not only serve as important structural motifs in medicinal chemistry but also show diverse reactivities in organic synthesis. Owing to the high ring strain energy, the development of a general protocol from stable and readily available starting materials to afford these cyclopropyl derivatives remains a compelling challenge. Herein, we describe that a Ti-based catalyst can effectively promote the diastereoselective syntheses of cyclopropanols and cyclopropylamines from widely accessible carboxylic derivatives (acids, esters, amides) with terminal olefins. To the best of our knowledge, this method represents the first example of direct converting alkyl carboxylic acids into cyclopropanols. Distinct from conventional studies in Ti-mediated cyclopropanations with reactive alkyl Grignard reagents as nucleophiles or reductants, this protocol utilizes Mg and Me2SiCl2 to turn over the Ti catalyst. Our method exhibits broad substrate scope with good functional group compatibility and is amenable to late-stage synthetic manipulations of natural products and biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowen Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Reactions of a Bis(pentalene)dititanium complex with alkenes; the molecular structure of the butadiene complex [Ti2(µ: η5,η5-Pn††)2(μ: η2,η2-s-trans-C4H6)] (Pn†† = 1,4-(Si Pr3)2-C8H4). Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Abstract
Titanium is an attractive metal for catalytic reaction development: it is earth-abundant, inexpensive, and generally nontoxic. However-like most early transition metals-catalytic redox reactions with Ti are difficult because of the stability of the high-valent TiIV state. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms behind Ti redox processes is key for making progress toward potential catalytic applications. This Account details recent progress in Ti-catalyzed (and -mediated) oxidative amination reactions that proceed through formally TiII/TiIV catalytic cycles.This class of reactions is built on our initial discovery of Ti-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] pyrrole synthesis from alkynes and azobenzene, where detailed mechanistic studies have revealed important factors that allow for catalytic turnover despite the inherent difficulty of Ti redox. Two important conclusions from mechanistic studies are that (1) low-valent Ti intermediates in catalysis can be stabilized through coordination of π-acceptor substrates or products, where they can act as "redox-noninnocent" ligands through metal-to-ligand π back-donation, and (2) reductive elimination processes with Ti proceed through π-type electrocyclic (or pericyclic) reaction mechanisms rather than direct σ-bond coupling.The key reactive species in Ti-catalyzed oxidative amination reactions are Ti imidos (Ti≡NR), which can be generated from either aryl diazenes (RN═NR) or organic azides (RN3). These Ti imidos can then undergo [2 + 2] cycloadditions with alkynes, resulting in intermediates that can be coupled to an array of other unsaturated functional groups, including alkynes, alkenes, nitriles, and nitrosos. This basic reactivity pattern has been extended into a broad range of catalytic and stoichiometric oxidative multicomponent coupling reactions of alkynes and other reactive small molecules, leading to multicomponent syntheses of various heterocycles and aminated building blocks.For example, catalytic oxidative coupling of Ti imidos with two different alkynes leads to pyrroles, while stoichiometric oxidative coupling with alkynes and nitriles leads to pyrazoles. These heterocycle syntheses often yield substitution patterns that are complementary to those of classical condensation routes and provide access to new electron-rich, highly substituted heteroaromatic scaffolds. Furthermore, catalytic oxidative alkyne carboamination reactions can be accomplished via reaction of Ti imidos with alkynes and alkenes, yielding α,β-unsaturated imine or cyclopropylimine building blocks. New catalytic and stoichiometric oxidative amination methods such as alkyne α-diimination, isocyanide imination, and ring-opening oxidative amination of strained alkenes are continuously emerging as a result of better mechanistic understanding of Ti redox catalysis.Ultimately, these Ti-catalyzed and -mediated oxidative amination methods demonstrate the importance of examining often-overlooked elements like the early transition metals through the lens of modern catalysis: rather than a lack of utility, these elements frequently have undiscovered potential for new transformations with orthogonal or complementary selectivity to their late transition metal counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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7
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Konik YA, Kananovich DG. Asymmetric synthesis with titanacyclopropane reagents: From early results to the recent achievements. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Fischer R, Schmidt H, Younis FM, Görls H, Suxdorf R, Westerhausen M. Syntheses and Molecular Structures of [(thf)
4
Li] [{(thf)Li}M(C
4
H
8
)
3
] (M = Zr, Hf) and Their Solution Behavior. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reinald Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Humboldtstr. 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Heiner Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Humboldtstr. 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Fadi M. Younis
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Humboldtstr. 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Humboldtstr. 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Regina Suxdorf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Humboldtstr. 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Humboldtstr. 8 07743 Jena Germany
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9
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Fischer M, Vincent-Heldt L, Hillje M, Schmidtmann M, Beckhaus R. Synthesis of a titanium ethylene complex via C–H-activation and alternative access to Cp2Ti(η2-Me3SiC2SiMe3). Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2068-2072. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00237b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a room temperature stable titanacyclopropane in a one-step-two-transformation protocol is presented. Additionally, a novel one-pot procedure toward Cp2Ti(η2-Me3SiC2SiMe3) was subsequently developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Fischer
- Institut für Chemie
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
- 26111 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Lisa Vincent-Heldt
- Institut für Chemie
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
- 26111 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Malena Hillje
- Institut für Chemie
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
- 26111 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
- 26111 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Ruediger Beckhaus
- Institut für Chemie
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
- 26111 Oldenburg
- Germany
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10
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Cheng J, Chen Q, Leng X, Ye S, Deng L. Three-Coordinate Iron(0) Complexes with N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Vinyltrimethylsilane Ligation: Synthesis, Characterization, and Ligand Substitution Reactions. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13129-13141. [PMID: 31536336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Low-coordinate iron(0) species are implicated as intermediates in a range of iron-catalyzed organic transformations. Isolable iron(0) complexes with coordination numbers of less than four, however, are rarely known. In continuing with our interests in three-coordinate iron(0) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and alkene ligation, we report herein the synthesis and ligand substitution reactivity of three-coordinate iron(0) complexes featuring monodentate alkene ligands, [(NHC)Fe(η2-vtms)2] (vtms = vinyltrimethylsilane, NHC = 1,3-bis(2',6'-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr), 1; 1,3-bis(2',6'-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-tetramethylene-imidazol-2-ylidene (cyIPr), 2; 1,3-bis(2',6'-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-diazepin-2-ylidene (7-IPr), 3). Complexes 1-3 were synthesized from the one-pot reactions of ferrous dihalides with the N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-substituted NHC ligands, vtms, and KC8. Reactivity study of 1 revealed its facile ligand substitution reactions with terminal aryl alkynes, ketones, isocyanides, and CO, by which iron(0) complexes [(IPr)Fe(η2-HCCAr)] (Ar = Ph, 5; p-CH3C6H4, 6; 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3, 7), [(IPr)Fe(η2-OCPh2)2] (8), [(IPr)Fe(CNR)4] (R = 2,6-Me2C6H3, 9; But, 10), and (IPr)Fe(CO)4 (11) were prepared in good yields. These iron(0) complexes have been characterized by 1H NMR, solution magnetic susceptibility measurement, single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Characterization data and computational studies suggest S = 1 ground-spin states for three-coordinate iron(0) complexes 1-3 and 5-8 and S = 0 ground states for 9-11. Theoretical studies on the three-coordinate complexes 1, 6, and 8 indicated pronounced metal-to-ligand backdonation from occupied Fe 3d orbitals to the π* orbitals of the C═C, C≡C, and C═O moieties of the π ligands. In addition, 1 proved an effective precatalyst for the cyclotrimerization reaction of alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , PR China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , PR China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , Mülheim an der Ruhr D-45470 , Germany
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , PR China
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11
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Foschi F, Roth T, Enders M, Wadepohl H, Clot E, Gade LH. Isolation and structural characterization of a titanacyclopropane as key intermediate in the double aryl Grignard addition to 2-(arylethynyl)pyridine derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2228-2231. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00478a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A titanacyclopropane species, which is a key reaction intermediate in the Ti(OiPr)4-mediated double aryl Grignard addition to 1,2-di(pyridin-2-yl)ethyne and related alkynes, was isolated and fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Foschi
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Torsten Roth
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Markus Enders
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Eric Clot
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier
- UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- Université de Montpellier
- F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5
- France
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
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12
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Manßen M, Kahrs C, Töben I, Bölte JH, Schmidtmann M, Beckhaus R. From Five to Seven: Ring Expansion of Monoazadiene Titanium Complexes by Insertion of Aldehydes, Ketones and Nitriles. Chemistry 2017; 23:15827-15833. [PMID: 28914461 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Manßen
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Christoph Kahrs
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Iris Töben
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Jens-Henning Bölte
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
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13
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Fischer M, Schmidtmann M, Beckhaus R. From Five to Five: Titanium Ketimine Complexes with Monoaza-butadiene η4-Coordination Mode and Hidden η2-Imine Reactivity. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Fischer
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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14
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Naktode K, Das S, Nayek HP, Panda TK. Imidazolin-2-iminato ligand supported titanium(IV) aryloxo complexes – Syntheses and structures. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Aguilar-Calderón JR, Metta-Magaña AJ, Noll B, Fortier S. C(sp3
)−H Oxidative Addition and Transfer Hydrogenation Chemistry of a Titanium(II) Synthon: Mimicry of Late-Metal Type Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruce Noll
- Bruker AXS Inc.; 5465 East Cheryl Parkway Madison WI 53711 USA
| | - Skye Fortier
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at El Paso; El Paso TX 79968 USA
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16
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Aguilar-Calderón JR, Metta-Magaña AJ, Noll B, Fortier S. C(sp 3 )-H Oxidative Addition and Transfer Hydrogenation Chemistry of a Titanium(II) Synthon: Mimicry of Late-Metal Type Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14101-14105. [PMID: 27709763 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two-electron reduction of the TiIV compound (ket guan)(ImDipp N)Ti(OTf)2 (3) gives the arene-masked complex (ket guan)(η6 -ImDipp N)Ti (1) in excellent yield. Upon standing in solution, 1 converts to a TiIV metallacycle (4) through dehydrogenation of a pendant isopropyl group. Spectroscopic evidence shows this transformation initially proceeds via the oxidative addition of a C(sp3 )-H bond and can be reversed upon exposure of 4 to H2 . Interestingly, treatment of 1 with cyclohexene gives cyclohexane and 4 via a titanium-mediated transfer hydrogenation reaction, a process that can be extended to catalytically hydrogenate other unsaturated hydrocarbons under mild conditions. These results, rare for the early-metals, suggest 1 possesses chemical characteristics reminiscent of noble, late-metals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruce Noll
- Bruker AXS Inc., 5465 East Cheryl Parkway, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Skye Fortier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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17
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Wijeratne GB, Zolnhofer EM, Fortier S, Grant LN, Carroll PJ, Chen CH, Meyer K, Krzystek J, Ozarowski A, Jackson TA, Mindiola DJ, Telser J. Electronic Structure and Reactivity of a Well-Defined Mononuclear Complex of Ti(II). Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10380-97. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayan B. Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Eva M. Zolnhofer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Skye Fortier
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lauren N. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J. Krzystek
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Timothy A. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of
Biological, Chemical and Physical Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
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18
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Loose F, Schmidtmann M, Saak W, Beckhaus R. Imines in the Titanium Coordination Sphere: Highly Reactive Titanaaziridines and Larger Titanacycles Formed by Subsequent C–C Coupling Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Loose
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany http://www.uni‐oldenburg.de/ac‐beckhaus/
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany http://www.uni‐oldenburg.de/ac‐beckhaus/
| | - Wolfgang Saak
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany http://www.uni‐oldenburg.de/ac‐beckhaus/
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany http://www.uni‐oldenburg.de/ac‐beckhaus/
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19
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Kamitani M, Searles K, Chen CH, Carroll PJ, Mindiola DJ. β-Hydrogen Abstraction of an Ethyl Group Provides Entry to Titanium and Zirconium Ethylene Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501226k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kamitani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Keith Searles
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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20
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Gao B, Duan Q, Li Y, Li D, Zhang L, Cui Y, Hu N, Pang X. Stereoselective ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactides catalyzed by titanium complexes containing N,N-bidentate phenanthrene derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium complexes bearing N,N-bidentate diamido derived from Schiff bases were investigated as catalysts for lactide polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
| | - Qian Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Yanhui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Dongni Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
- Department of Blood Transfusion
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Yuan Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Ninghai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
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21
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Heß T, Raabe G, Gais HJ. Lithium-Titanium Exchange of Tertiary α-Sulfonyl Carbanions: Synthesis, Structure, Dynamics and Reactivity of Bis(1-sulfonylalkyl)titaniums. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Chen H, Fan G, Li S, Mao K, Liu Y. Titanium-mediated reductive cross-coupling reactions of imines with nitriles: an efficient route for the synthesis of α-aminoketones or 1,2-diketones. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Crestani MG, Hickey AK, Gao X, Pinter B, Cavaliere VN, Ito JI, Chen CH, Mindiola DJ. Room Temperature Dehydrogenation of Ethane, Propane, Linear Alkanes C4–C8, and Some Cyclic Alkanes by Titanium–Carbon Multiple Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14754-67. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4060178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco G. Crestani
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Anne K. Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Xinfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Balazs Pinter
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Vincent N. Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jun-Ichi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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24
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Li L, Kristian KE, Han A, Norton JR, Sattler W. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Reactivity of Cp2- and (CpMe)2-Ligated Titanaaziridines and Titanaoxiranes with Fast Enantiomer Interconversion Rates. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300825n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kathleen E. Kristian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Arthur Han
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jack R. Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Wesley Sattler
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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25
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Scheffler U, Stößer R, Mahrwald R. Retropinacol/Cross-Pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Suttil JA, McGuinness DS. Mechanism of Ethylene Dimerization Catalyzed by Ti(OR′)4/AlR3. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3008508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Suttil
- School of Chemistry, University
of Tasmania, Private
Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - David S. McGuinness
- School of Chemistry, University
of Tasmania, Private
Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Yamamoto
- Department of Basic
Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601,
Japan
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28
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Suttil JA, McGuinness DS, Pichler M, Gardiner MG, Morgan DH, Evans SJ. Preparation and structures of aryloxy– and alkoxy–Ti(iv) complexes and their evaluation in ethylene oligomerisation and polymerisation. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:6625-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Cavaliere VN, Crestani MG, Pinter B, Pink M, Chen CH, Baik MH, Mindiola DJ. Room Temperature Dehydrogenation of Ethane to Ethylene. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10700-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja202316m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent N. Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Marco G. Crestani
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Balazs Pinter
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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31
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Knizek J, Nöth H. Tris(2,6‐diisopropylphenolato)titanium(IV) Dihydridodiorganylborates: Synthesis and Structures. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Knizek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐ Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5–13, 81377 München, Germany, Fax: +49‐89‐2180‐77455
| | - Heinrich Nöth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐ Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5–13, 81377 München, Germany, Fax: +49‐89‐2180‐77455
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32
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Reichard HA, Micalizio GC. Metallacycle-Mediated Cross-Coupling with Substituted and Electronically Unactivated Alkenes. Chem Sci 2011; 4:573-589. [PMID: 21436986 DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00394h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective surveys the history of- and recent advances in- metallacycle-mediated coupling chemistry of substituted alkenes. While the reaction of preformed metal-π complexes with ethylene was reported nearly 30 years ago, the generalization of this mode of bimolecular C-C bond formation to the regio- and stereoselective union of complex substrates has only recently begun to emerge. This perspective discusses early observations in this area, the challenges associated with controlling such processes, the evolution of a general strategy to overcome these challenges, and a summary of highly regio- and stereoselective convergent coupling reactions that are currently available by metallacycle-mediated cross-coupling with substituted alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Reichard
- The Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute; Scripps-Florida, 130 Scripps Way #3A2, Jupiter, FL 33418, USA. ; Tel: 561 228 2463;
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33
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Chen MZ, McLaughlin M, Takahashi M, Tarselli MA, Yang D, Umemura S, Micalizio GC. Preparation of stereodefined homoallylic amines from the reductive cross-coupling of allylic alcohols with imines. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8048-59. [PMID: 21069994 PMCID: PMC2993781 DOI: 10.1021/jo101535d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective coupling reactions between imines and allylic alcohols have been developed. These coupling reactions deliver complex homoallylic amine products through a convergent C-C bond forming process that does not proceed through intermediate allylic organometallic reagents. In general, convergent coupling, by exposure of an allylic alkoxide to a preformed Ti-imine complex, occurs with allylic transposition in a predictable and stereocontrolled manner. While simple diastereoselection in these reactions is high, delivering anti-products with ≥20:1 selectivity, the organometallic transformation described is compatible with a diverse range of functionality and substrates (including aliphatic and aromatic imines, allylic silanes, trisubstituted alkenes, vinyl- and aryl halides, trifluoromethyl groups, thioethers, and aromatic heterocycles). Alkene geometry of the products is a complex function of the allylic alcohol structure and is consistent with a mechanistic proposal based on syn-carbometalation followed by syn-elimination by way of a boat-like transition state geometry. Single asymmetric coupling reactions provide a means to translate the stereochemical information of the allylic alcohol to the homoallylic amine or to control diastereoselection in the coupling reactions of achiral allylic alcohols with chiral imines. Double asymmetric coupling reactions are also described that afford a unique means to control stereoselection in these complex convergent coupling processes. Finally, empirical models are proposed that are consistent with the observed stereochemical course of these coupling reactions en route to chiral homoallylic amines possessing di- or trisubstituted alkenes and anti- or syn- relative stereochemistry at the allylic and homoallylic positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Z. Chen
- Kellogg School of Science and Technology at The Scripps Research Institute
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34
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Zhao D, Gao B, Gao W, Luo X, Tang D, Mu Y, Ye L. New Titanium Complexes with Symmetric or Asymmetric cis-9,10-Dihydrophenanthrenediamide Ligands Formed through Sequential Intramolecular C−C Bond-Forming Reactions. Inorg Chem 2010; 50:30-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1008768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Chemistry, Jilin University, Chang Chun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Chemistry, Jilin University, Chang Chun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Chemistry, Jilin University, Chang Chun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Chemistry, Jilin University, Chang Chun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Duihai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Chemistry, Jilin University, Chang Chun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Chemistry, Jilin University, Chang Chun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Chemistry, Jilin University, Chang Chun 130012, People’s Republic of China
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35
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Trunkely EF, Epshteyn A, Zavalij PY, Sita LR. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Preliminary Reactivity Profile of a Series of Monocyclopentadienyl, Monoacetamidinate Titanium(III) Alkyl Complexes Bearing β-Hydrogens. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100877d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Trunkely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Albert Epshteyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Peter Y. Zavalij
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lawrence R. Sita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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36
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THORN MG, HILL JE, WARATUKE SA, JOHNSON ES, FANWICK PE, ROTHWELL IP. ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Chemistry of Titanacyclopentane and Titanacyclopropane Rings Supported by Aryloxide Ligation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/chin.199751190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Zhao D, Gao W, Mu Y, Ye L. Direct Synthesis of Titanium Complexes with Chelatingcis-9,10-Dihydrophenanthrenediamide Ligands through Sequential CC Bond-Forming Reactions fromo-Metalated Arylimines. Chemistry 2010; 16:4394-401. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Njua EY, Steiner A, Stahl L. Syntheses and structures of cationic and neutral, homo- and heteroleptic tert-butoxides of the group 4 metals. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:2163-72. [PMID: 20121153 DOI: 10.1021/ic9019537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The utility of tri-tert-butoxystannate as a chelating tridentate ligand for group 4 metals was investigated. The highly Lewis acidic metals degraded the stannate ion in a series of tert-butoxide abstraction steps to produce a variety of group 4 tert-butoxides. A total of 1 equiv of NaSn(O(t)Bu)(3) reacted with cis-MCl(4)(THF)(2) [M = Zr (1), Hf (2)] in THF solutions to furnish the salts fac-{[M(O(t)Bu)(3)(THF)(3)](SnCl(3))}, which are separated ion pairs featuring weakly coordinating trichlorostannate ions. Neutral complexes, namely, [M(O(t)Bu)(2)Cl(2)(THF)(2)] [M = Zr (3), Hf (4)], were isolated when 2/3 equiv of sodium stannate was used in these reactions. Titanium tetrachloride formed analogues neither of 1 and 2 nor of 3 and 4, but Ti(O(t)Bu)(3)Cl reacted with silver triflate to give [Ti(O(t)Bu)(2)(OTf)(2)(THF)(2)] (5). Anion exchange of triflate for trichlorostannate transformed 1 to the contact ion pair fac-[Zr(O(t)Bu)(3)OTf(THF)(2)] (6). A total of 2 equiv of NaSn(O(t)Bu)(3) reacted with cis-MCl(4)(THF)(2) to give the complexes fac-[Sn(mu-O(t)Bu)(3)M(O(t)Bu)(3)] [M = Zr (7), Hf (8)]. Tri-tert-butoxystannate may be used as a selective alkoxylating agent for group 4 metals, and it can be transferred to these metals intact if their Lewis acidity is appropriately attenuated as in fac-{[M(O(t)Bu)(3)(THF)(3)](SnCl(3))}. Single-crystal X-ray studies revealed distorted octahedral coordination geometries for all compounds (1-8), with 1, 2, 7, and 8 being crystallographically C(3) symmetric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Y Njua
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9024, USA
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Reichard HA, McLaughlin M, Chen MZ, Micalizio GC. Regioselective Reductive Cross-Coupling Reactions of Unsymmetrical Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2010; 2010:391-409. [PMID: 24634606 PMCID: PMC3951371 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present microreview summarizes our progress over the last few years in defining regioselective reductive cross-coupling reactions of unsymmetrical alkynes with terminal- and internal alkynes, aldehydes, and imines. We begin with a brief historical perspective of metal-mediated reductive dimerization reactions of aromatic alkynes and discuss the challenges associated with "crossed" versions of this mode of reactivity. Next, a collection of available methods that allow for regioselective reductive cross-coupling of internal alkynes with terminal and internal alkynes, aldehydes, and imines is summarized. After an examination of the requirements for regioselectivity in these cases, the logic behind our design of alkoxide-directed titanium-mediated reductive cross-coupling reactions is presented. A nomenclature is introduced to delineate the presumed mechanistic origin of regioselection associated with each reaction design, and a presentation of alkoxide-directed regioselective reductive cross-coupling reactions of alkynes follows. Throughout, principal issues related to reactivity and selectivity are discussed to assess scope and limitations of available methods and to describe the broad challenges that exist for defining complex fragment union reactions based on reductive cross-coupling chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute Scripps-Florida 130 Scripps Way #3A2 Jupiter, FL 33458 Fax: (561) 228-3092
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40
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Alkene Polymerization Catalysts Bearing Tridentate Phenoxyamine Ligands with sp3 C Donors. ChemCatChem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.200900122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Epshteyn A, Trunkely EF, Kissounko DA, Fettinger JC, Sita LR. Experimental Modeling of Selective Alkene Oligomerization: Evidence for Facile Metallacyclopentane Dehydrogenation Mediated by a Transannular β-Hydrogen Agostic Interaction. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900132u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Epshteyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Emily F. Trunkely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Denis A. Kissounko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Lawrence R. Sita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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42
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Belardi JK, Micalizio GC. Conversion of allylic alcohols to stereodefined trisubstituted alkenes: a complementary process to the Claisen rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 130:16870-2. [PMID: 19053421 DOI: 10.1021/ja8074242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective method for the conversion of allylic alcohols to (Z)-trisubstituted alkenes is presented. Overall, the reaction sequence described is stereochemically complementary to related Claisen rearrangement reactions--processes that typically deliver the stereoisomeric trisubstituted alkene containing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Belardi
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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43
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Kananovich DG, Kulinkovich OG. Studies on the origin of cis-diastereoselectivity of the titanium-mediated cyclopropanation of carboxylic esters with Grignard reagents. Stereochemistry of the intramolecular cyclization of β-metalloketones. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
The reaction of N-benzenesulfonylbenzaldimine with Ni(cod)2 and PCy3 gave the corresponding η2-iminenickel complex quantitatively. Diphenylacetylene reacted with the η2-iminenickel complex to generate five-membered aza-nickelacycle. Insertion of second alkynes into the five-membered aza-nickelacycle led to the formation of the corresponding seven-membered aza-nickelacycles. Heating the solution of the seven-membered aza-nickelacycles induced the reductive elimination to give 1,2-dihydropyridine. In the presence of 10 mol % of Ni(cod)2 and PMetBu2 at 100 °C, the intermolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of N-benzenesulfonylbenzaldimine and 2-butyne occurred to give the expected 1,2-dihydropyridine in 87 % yield. In the presence of PCy3, the reaction also proceeded catalytically, however, PMetBu2 gave better results. Less bulky or less basic phosphine, PnBu3 or P(o-tol)3, was not efficient for the reaction. Although Ni(0)-NHC complex was a good catalyst for [2+2+2] cycloaddition of two alkynes and a ketone or an aldehyde, this reaction did not proceed in the presence of an NHC ligand, 1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene.
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Umare PS, Tiwari AJ, Antony R, Tembe GL, Trivedi B. Synthesis of ultra-low-molecular-weight polyethylene wax using a bulky Ti(IV) aryloxide-alkyl aluminum catalytic system. Appl Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kulinkovich OG, Kananovich DG. Advanced Procedure for the Preparation ofcis-1,2-Dialkylcyclopropanols – Modified Ate Complex Mechanism for Titanium-Mediated Cyclopropanation of Carboxylic Esters with Grignard Reagents. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200601035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gott AL, Clarke AJ, Clarkson GJ, Scott P. Structure−Activity Relationships for Group 4 Biaryl Amidate Complexes in Catalytic Hydroamination/Cyclization of Aminoalkenes. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om061087l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Gott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Adam J. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Guy J. Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Peter Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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Tsuchiya K, Kondo H, Nagashima H. Ring Expansion of a Platinacyclopropane to a Platinacyclopentane by Double Insertion of Isocyanides into Pt−C Bonds. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om0608713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, and Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hideo Kondo
- Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, and Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hideo Nagashima
- Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, and Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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Nikiforov GB, Crewdson P, Gambarotta S, Korobkov I, Budzelaar PHM. Reduction of Titanium Supported by a σ-/π-Bonded Tripyrrole Ligand: Ligand C−N Bond Cleavage and Coordination of Olefin and Arene with an Inverse Sandwich Structure. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060908j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grigory B. Nikiforov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patrick Crewdson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sandro Gambarotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ilia Korobkov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Ladipo FT. SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY OF WELL-CHARACTERIZED LOW-VALENT TITANIUM SPECIES. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/02603590600767138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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