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The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of Ionophores for the treatment of human infection. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111661. [PMID: 34896767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionophores are a diverse class of synthetic and naturally occurring ion transporter compounds which demonstrate both direct and in-direct antimicrobial properties against a broad panel of bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic pathogens. In addition, ionophores can regulate the host-immune response during communicable and non-communicable disease states. Although the clinical use of ionophores such as Amphotericin B, Bedaquiline and Ivermectin highlight the utility of ionophores in modern medicine, for many other ionophore compounds issues surrounding toxicity, bioavailability or lack of in vivo efficacy studies have hindered clinical development. The antimicrobial and immunomodulating properties of a range of compounds with characteristics of ionophores remain largely unexplored. As such, ionophores remain a latent therapeutic avenue to address both the global burden of antimicrobial resistance, and the unmet clinical need for new antimicrobial therapies. This review will provide an overview of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of ionophores, and their potential uses in clinical medicine for combatting infection.
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Makarasen A, Yoza K, Isobe M. Higher structure of cereulide, an emetic toxin from Bacillus cereus, and special comparison with valinomycin, an antibiotic from Streptomyces fulvissimus. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:688-98. [PMID: 19347893 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cereulide and valinomycin are both 36-membered cyclic depsipeptides with 12 stereogenic centers that have a very similar sequence of cyclo [-D-O-Leu-D-Ala-L-O-Val-L-Val-]3 and cyclo [-D-O-Val-D-Val-L-O-Ala-L-Val-]3, respectively. Cereulide is an emetic toxin produced by Bacillus cereus through an unusual non-ribosomal peptide synthesis (NRPS), whereas valinomycin, produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus, is a known antibiotic drug. Both compounds are known as K+-ion-selective ionophores and cause a potassium-dependent drop in the transmembrane potential of mitochondria, arising from the uptake of a K+-ion-charged ionophore complex. Such compounds may affect mitochondrial function. In the three-dimensional structure of cereulide and valinomycin, cereulide has a vertical and horizontal mirror-image-like structure as is the case in valinomycin. The only difference is the side chains which are linked to a similar framework. Through the current 1H NMR spectroscopy and metal-complexation studies, we found that cereulide had a higher complexation ability to metal ions compared to valinomycin. Cereulide exhibited the K+-ion-selective ionophore property at a lower concentration than valinomycin. X-ray crystallographic analyses of the cereulide and valinomycin H+ form were compared, and revealed that the higher structures of both compounds also showed similarity in the crystal structures. The structure of cereulide-H+ form was found to be in agreement with the structure obtained by a combination of NMR spectroscopy and molecular-mechanics calculations, which afforded reasonable dihedral angles at the local-minimum-energy conformation of the cereulide-K+-ion complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthit Makarasen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 466-8601, Japan
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Crystalline self-assembly of organic molecules with metal ions at the air–aqueous solution interface. A grazing incidence X-ray scattering study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(02)00112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kuzmenko I, Rapaport H, Kjaer K, Als-Nielsen J, Weissbuch I, Lahav M, Leiserowitz L. Design and characterization of crystalline thin film architectures at the air-liquid interface: simplicity to complexity. Chem Rev 2001; 101:1659-96. [PMID: 11709995 DOI: 10.1021/cr990038y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Kuzmenko
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Jensen TR, Balashev K, Bjørnholm T, Kjaer K. Novel methods for studying lipids and lipases and their mutual interaction at interfaces. Part II. Surface sensitive synchrotron X-ray scattering. Biochimie 2001; 83:399-408. [PMID: 11368847 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(01)01265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Monolayers of lipids have been studied for more than a century. During the past decade new insight into the field has resulted from the development of surface sensitive X-ray scattering methods utilizing synchrotron radiation: grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and specular X-ray reflectivity (XR). These novel methods provide direct microscopic information about the systems in question and allow in situ investigations under near physiological conditions. GIXD gives information about the in-plane molecular structure, e.g., lattice symmetry and structural parameters; XR provides the electron density profile across the interface. The present review describes the theory, experimental procedures and sample requirements for surface sensitive X-ray scattering. An overview of recent results is presented as well, with special emphasis on biologically important systems, e.g., investigations by GIXD and/or XR of lipid and protein structures at interfaces and of lipid/protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Jensen
- Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry Department, Risø National Laboratory, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Jensen TR, Kjaer K. Structural Properties and Interactions of Thin Films at the Air-Liquid Interface Explored by Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering. STUDIES IN INTERFACE SCIENCE 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1383-7303(01)80028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Rapaport H, Kuzmenko I, Berfeld M, Kjaer K, Als-Nielsen J, Popovitz-Biro R, Weissbuch I, Lahav M, Leiserowitz L. From Nucleation to Engineering of Crystalline Architectures at Air−Liquid Interfaces. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991439k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Rapaport
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry Department, RisØ National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, and Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry Department, RisØ National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, and Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mary Berfeld
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry Department, RisØ National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, and Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Kjaer
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry Department, RisØ National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, and Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Als-Nielsen
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry Department, RisØ National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, and Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronit Popovitz-Biro
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry Department, RisØ National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, and Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabelle Weissbuch
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry Department, RisØ National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, and Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meir Lahav
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry Department, RisØ National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, and Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leslie Leiserowitz
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry Department, RisØ National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, and Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rapaport H, Kim HS, Kjaer K, Howes PB, Cohen S, Als-Nielsen J, Ghadiri MR, Leiserowitz L, Lahav M. Crystalline Cyclic Peptide Nanotubes at Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja982420i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Rapaport
- Contribution from the Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Øersted Laboratory, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Hui Sun Kim
- Contribution from the Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Øersted Laboratory, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Kristian Kjaer
- Contribution from the Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Øersted Laboratory, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Paul B. Howes
- Contribution from the Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Øersted Laboratory, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Sidney Cohen
- Contribution from the Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Øersted Laboratory, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Jens Als-Nielsen
- Contribution from the Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Øersted Laboratory, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - M. Reza Ghadiri
- Contribution from the Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Øersted Laboratory, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Leslie Leiserowitz
- Contribution from the Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Øersted Laboratory, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Meir Lahav
- Contribution from the Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Øersted Laboratory, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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Berge B, Lenne PF, Renault A. X-ray grazing incidence diffraction on monolayers at the surface of water. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-0294(98)80079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Weissbuch I, Baxter PNW, Cohen S, Cohen H, Kjaer K, Howes PB, Als-Nielsen J, Hanan GS, Schubert US, Lehn JM, Leiserowitz L, Lahav M. Self-Assembly at the Air−Water Interface. In-Situ Preparation of Thin Films of Metal Ion Grid Architectures. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja980205w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Weissbuch
- Contribution from the Department of Materials & Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul N. W. Baxter
- Contribution from the Department of Materials & Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sidney Cohen
- Contribution from the Department of Materials & Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hagai Cohen
- Contribution from the Department of Materials & Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kristian Kjaer
- Contribution from the Department of Materials & Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul B. Howes
- Contribution from the Department of Materials & Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jens Als-Nielsen
- Contribution from the Department of Materials & Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gary S. Hanan
- Contribution from the Department of Materials & Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Contribution from the Department of Materials & Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Contribution from the Department of Materials & Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Leslie Leiserowitz
- Contribution from the Department of Materials & Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Meir Lahav
- Contribution from the Department of Materials & Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, H. C. Ørsted Laboratory, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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