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Szefczyk B, Grabarek D, Walczak E, Andruniów T. Excited-state minima and emission energies of retinal chromophore analogues: Performance of CASSCF and CC2 methods as compared with CASPT2. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:1799-1810. [PMID: 28512740 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study provides gas-phase S1 excited-state geometries along with emission and adiabatic energies for methylated/demethylated and ring-locked analogues of protonated Schiff base retinal models comprising system of five conjugated double bonds (PSB5), using second order multiconfiguration perturbation theory (CASPT2). CASPT2 results serve as reference data to assess the performance of CC2 (second-order approximate coupled cluster singles and doubles) and a commonly used CASSCF/CASPT2 protocol, that is, complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) geometry optimization followed by CASPT2 energy calculation. We find that the CASSCF methodology fails to locate planar S1 minimum energy structures for four out of five investigated planar models in contrast to CC2 and CASPT2 methods. However, for those which were found: one planar and two twisted minima, there is an excellent agreement between CASSCF and CASPT2 results in terms of geometrical parameters, one-electron properties, as well as emission and adiabatic energies. CC2 performs well for in-plane S1 minima and their spectroscopic and electronic properties. However, this picture deteriorates for twisted minima. As expected, the CC2 description of the S2 electronic state, with strong multireference and significant double excitation character, is very poor, exhibiting errors in transition energies exceeding 1 eV. They may be substantially diminished by recalculating transition energies with CASPT2 method. Our work shows that CASSCF/CASPT2 and CC2 shortcomings may influence gas-phase retinal analogues' excited state description in a dramatic way. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borys Szefczyk
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Dawid Grabarek
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Walczak
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Andruniów
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
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Walczak E, Andruniów T. Impacts of retinal polyene (de)methylation on the photoisomerization mechanism and photon energy storage of rhodopsin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:17169-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01939g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Similar to native rhodopsin, a two-mode space-saving isomerization mechanism drives the photoreaction in (de)methylated rhodopsin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Walczak
- Department of Chemistry
- Wroclaw University of Technology
- 50-370 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Tadeusz Andruniów
- Department of Chemistry
- Wroclaw University of Technology
- 50-370 Wroclaw
- Poland
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Walczak E, Szefczyk B, Andruniów T. Geometries and Vertical Excitation Energies in Retinal Analogues Resolved at the CASPT2 Level of Theory: Critical Assessment of the Performance of CASSCF, CC2, and DFT Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:4915-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ct400423u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Walczak
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Institute of Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Borys Szefczyk
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Institute of Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Andruniów
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Institute of Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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Kim JE, McCamant DW, Zhu L, Mathies RA. Resonance Raman Structural Evidence that the Cis-to-Trans Isomerization in Rhodopsin Occurs in Femtoseconds. J Phys Chem B 2012; 105:1240-9. [PMID: 16755302 PMCID: PMC1473983 DOI: 10.1021/jp001236s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy is used to probe the structural changes of rhodopsin's retinal chromophore as the cis-to-trans isomerization reaction occurs that initiates vision. Room-temperature resonance Raman spectra of rhodopsin's photoproduct with time delays from -0.7 to 20.8 ps are measured using 2.2 ps, 480 nm pump and 1.5 ps, 600 nm probe pulses. Hydrogen-out-of-plane (HOOP) modes at 852, 871, and 919 cm(-1), fingerprint peaks at 1272, 1236, 1211, and 1166 cm(-1), and a broad red-shifted ethylenic band at 1530 cm(-1) are present at the earliest positive pump-probe time delay of 0.8 ps, indicating that the chromophore is already in a strained, all-trans configuration. Kinetic analyses of both the HOOP and ethylenic regions of the photoproduct spectra reveal that these features grow in with fast ( approximately 200 fs) and slow ( approximately 2-3 ps) components. These data provide the first structural evidence that photorhodopsin has a thermally unrelaxed, torsionally strained all-trans chromophore within approximately 1 ps, and possibly within 200 fs, of photon absorption. Following this ultrafast product formation, the all-trans chromophore cools and conformationally relaxes within a few picoseconds to form bathorhodopsin. This cooling process is revealed as an ethylenic frequency blue-shift of 6 cm(-1) (tau approximately 3.5 ps) as well as an ethylenic width narrowing (tau approximately 2 ps). The ultrafast production of photorhodopsin is likely accompanied by an impulsively driven, localized protein response. More delocalized protein modes are unable to relax on this ultrafast time scale enabling the chromophore-protein complex to store the large amounts of photon energy (30-35 kcal/mol) that are subsequently used to drive activating protein conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Uda M, Mizutani T, Hayakawa J, Momotake A, Ikegami M, Nagahata R, Arai T. Photoisomerization of Stilbene Dendrimers: The Need for a Volume-conserving Isomerization Mechanism¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0760596posdtn2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ding L, Russell TP. Photophysical Properties of Perdeuteratedtrans-Stilbene Grafted Polystyrene. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061055+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nibbering ETJ, Fidder H, Pines E. ULTRAFAST CHEMISTRY: Using Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy for Interrogation of Structural Dynamics. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2005; 56:337-67. [PMID: 15796704 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.56.092503.141314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy elucidates molecular structure evolution during ultrafast chemical reactions. Following vibrational marker modes in real time provides direct insight into the structural dynamics, as is evidenced in studies on intramolecular hydrogen transfer, bimolecular proton transfer, electron transfer, hydrogen bonding during solvation dynamics, bond fission in organometallic compounds and heme proteins, cis-trans isomerization in retinal proteins, and transformations in photochromic switch pairs. Femtosecond IR spectroscopy monitors the site-specific interactions in hydrogen bonds. Conversion between excited electronic states can be followed for intramolecular electron transfer by inspection of the fingerprint IR- or Raman-active vibrations in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. Excess internal vibrational energy, generated either by optical excitation or by internal conversion from the electronic excited state to the ground state, is observable through transient frequency shifts of IR-active vibrations and through nonequilibrium populations as deduced by Raman resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T J Nibbering
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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Andruniów T, Ferré N, Olivucci M. Structure, initial excited-state relaxation, and energy storage of rhodopsin resolved at the multiconfigurational perturbation theory level. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:17908-13. [PMID: 15604139 PMCID: PMC539762 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0407997101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that a "brute force" quantum chemical calculation based on an ab initio multiconfigurational second order perturbation theory approach implemented in a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics strategy can be applied to the investigation of the excited state of the visual pigment rhodopsin (Rh) with a computational error <5 kcal.mol(-1). As a consequence, the simulation of the absorption and fluorescence of Rh and its retinal chromophore in solution allows for a nearly quantitative analysis of the factors determining the properties of the protein environment. More specifically, we demonstrate that the Rh environment is more similar to the "gas phase" than to the solution environment and that the so-called "opsin shift" originates from the inability of the solvent to effectively "shield" the chromophore from its counterion. The same strategy is used to investigate three transient structures involved in the photoisomerization of Rh under the assumption that the protein cavity does not change shape during the reaction. Accordingly, the analysis of the initially relaxed excited-state structure, the conical intersection driving the excited-state decay, and the primary isolable bathorhodopsin intermediate supports a mechanism where the photoisomerization coordinate involves a "motion" reminiscent of the so-called bicycle-pedal reaction coordinate. Most importantly, it is shown that the mechanism of the approximately 30 kcal.mol(-1) photon energy storage observed for Rh is not consistent with a model based exclusively on the change of the electrostatic interaction of the chromophore with the protein/counterion environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Andruniów
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro I-53100 Siena, Italy
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Uda M, Mizutani T, Hayakawa J, Momotake A, Ikegami M, Nagahata R, Arai T. Photoisomerization of stilbene dendrimers: the need for a volume-conserving isomerization mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 76:596-605. [PMID: 12511039 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0596:posdtn>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Highly branched stilbene dendrimers were synthesized and their photochemical behavior was studied. Even the stilbene dendrimer with molecular weight over 6500 underwent trans-cis isomerization in the excited singlet state within the lifetime of 10 ns. The photoisomerization of C=C double bond of stilbene dendrimers in the excited state may proceed by a volume-conserving novel mechanism such as hula-twist rather than conventional 180 degrees rotation around the C=C double bond based on fluorescence and isomerization experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Uda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Ujj L, Coates CG, Kelly JM, Kruger PE, McGarvey JJ, Atkinson GH. Picosecond Coherent Vibrational Spectroscopy (CARS) of a DNA-Intercalating Ru Complex. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012450z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Ujj
- Department of Chemistry and Optical Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, Department of Chemistry, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, and Department of Physics, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514
| | - Colin G. Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Optical Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, Department of Chemistry, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, and Department of Physics, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514
| | - John M. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Optical Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, Department of Chemistry, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, and Department of Physics, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514
| | - Paul E. Kruger
- Department of Chemistry and Optical Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, Department of Chemistry, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, and Department of Physics, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514
| | - John J. McGarvey
- Department of Chemistry and Optical Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, Department of Chemistry, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, and Department of Physics, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514
| | - George H. Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Optical Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, Department of Chemistry, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, and Department of Physics, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514
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Zhou Y, Ujj L, Lou J, Jäger F, Nakanishi K, Atkinson G. Coherent anti-Stokes vibrational Raman spectra of artificial rhodopsin pigments containing ring structures blocking 11-cis isomerization. J Mol Struct 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(98)00621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Garavelli M, Negri F, Olivucci M. Initial Excited-State Relaxation of the Isolated 11-cis Protonated Schiff Base of Retinal: Evidence for in-Plane Motion from ab Initio Quantum Chemical Simulation of the Resonance Raman Spectrum. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja981719y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Via F. Selmi, 2 Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Via F. Selmi, 2 Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Via F. Selmi, 2 Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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