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NO news: S-(de)nitrosylation of cathepsins and their relationship with cancer. Anal Biochem 2022; 655:114872. [PMID: 36027970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor formation and progression have been much of a study over the last two centuries. Recent studies have seen different developments for the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease; some of which even promise survival of the patient. Cysteine proteases, mainly cathepsins have been unequivocally identified as putative worthy players of redox imbalance that contribute to the premonition and further progression of cancer by interfering in the normal extracellular and intracellular proteolysis and initiating a proteolytic cascade. The present review article focuses on the study of cancer so far, while establishing facts on how future studies focused on the cellular interrelation between nitric oxide (NO) and cancer, can direct their focus on cathepsins. For a tumor cell to thrive and synergize a cancerous environment, different mutations in the proteolytic and signaling pathways and the proto-oncogenes, oncogenes, and the tumor suppressor genes are made possible through cellular biochemistry and some cancer-stimulating environmental factors. The accumulated findings show that S-nitrosylation of cathepsins under the influence of NO-donors can prevent the invasion of cancer and cause cancer cell death by blocking the activity of cathepsins as well as the major denitrosylase systems using a multi-way approach. Faced with a conundrum of how to fill the gap between the dodging of established cancer hallmarks with cathepsin activity and gaining appropriate research/clinical accreditation using our hypothesis, the scope of this review also explores the interplay and crosstalk between S-nitrosylation and S-(de)nitrosylation of this protease and highlights the utility of charging thioredoxin (Trx) reductase inhibitors, low-molecular-weight dithiols, and Trx mimetics using efficient drug delivery system to prevent the denitrosylation or regaining of cathepsin activity in vivo. In foresight, this raises the prospect that drugs or novel compounds that target cathepsins taking all these factors into consideration could be deployed as alternative or even better treatments for cancer, though further research is needed to ascertain the safety, efficiency and effectiveness of this approach.
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Gaur P, Banerjee S. Oxone-sodium nitrite mediatedN-nitrosamines formation under mild conditions from secondary amines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1622733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Gaur
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Girinagar, Pune, India
| | - Shaibal Banerjee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Girinagar, Pune, India
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3
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Szaciłowski K, Stasicka Z. S-Nitrosothiols: Materials, Reactivity and Mechanisms. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/007967401103165181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article provides a comprehensive view of S-nitrosothiols, chemical behaviour, the pathways leading to their synthesis, their spectral properties, analytical methods of detection and determination, chemical and photochemical reactivity, kinetic aspects and suggested mechanisms. The structure parameters of S-nitrosothiols and the parent thiols are analysed with respect to their effect on the strengthening or weakening the S–NO bond, and in consequence on the S-nitrosothiol stability. This depends also on the ease of S–S bond formation in the product disulphide. These structural features seem to be crucial both to spontaneous as well as to Cu-catalysed decomposition. Principal emphasis is given here to the S-nitrosothiols’ ability to act as ligands and to the effect of coordination on the ligand properties. The chemical and photochemical behaviours of the complexes are described in more detail and their roles in chemical and biochemical systems are discussed. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that the contribution of S-nitrosothiols to chemical and biochemical processes is more diverse than supposed hitherto. Nevertheless, their role is predictable and, based on the correlation between structure and reactivity, many important mechanisms of biochemical processes can be interpreted and various applications designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Szaciłowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zofia Stasicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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4
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Qiu S, Guo C, Wang M, Sun Z, Li H, Qian X, Yang Y. Mild dealkylative N-nitrosation of N,N-dialkylaniline derivatives for convenient preparation of photo-triggered and photo-calibrated NO donors. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00818c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Direct N-nitrosation of N,N-dialkylanilines under mild, non-acidic and non-oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobing Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Mingkang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhenglong Sun
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (SIBET)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Hui Li
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (SIBET)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
| | - Youjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
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5
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Quai M, Repetto C, Barbaglia W, Cereda E. Fast deprotection of phenoxy benzyl ethers in transfer hydrogenation assisted by microwave. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Afshar RK, Patra AK, Mascharak PK. Light-induced inhibition of papain by a {Mn–NO}6 nitrosyl: Identification of papain–SNO adduct by mass spectrometry. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 99:1458-64. [PMID: 15927266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/31/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Modification of Cys25 at the active site of the cysteine protease papain by S-nitrosylation inhibits its hydrolytic ability. Previous studies have demonstrated that NO donors N-nitrosoanilines inhibit papain activity via formation of S-NO bond formation at the active site while NO donors such as S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), N-nitrosoaniline derivatives, and S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO) inhibit the enzyme via S-thiolation by thiyl radicals generated from the S-nitrosothiols. In this study, we report papain inactivation by a photosensitive {Mn-NO}(6) nitrosyl [(PaPy(3))Mn(NO)](ClO(4)) (1) where PaPy(3)(-) is the anion of the designed ligand N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine-N-ethyl-2-pyridine-2-carboxamide. This nitrosyl releases NO upon exposure to visible light of low intensity (50W tungsten lamp). With N(alpha)-benzoyl-l-arginine-p-nitroanilide (l-BApNA) as the substrate, the dissociation constant for the breakdown of the enzyme-inactivator complex (K(I)) and the overall inactivation rate constant (k(i)) were calculated to be 2.46mM and 64.8min(-1), respectively. The papainS-NO adduct has been identified using electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The results demonstrate that controlled inactivation of papain can be achieved with the {Mn-NO}(6) nitrosyl 1 and light. The reaction is clean and the extent of inactivation is directly proportional to the exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman K Afshar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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7
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Caddick S, Hamza D, Judd DB, Reich MT, Wadman SN, Wilden JD. A novel route to functionalized PFP esters via rapid intermolecular radical addition to PFP acrylate mediated by ethylpiperidinium hypophosphite (EPHP). Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Selva M, Tundo P, Perosa A. Reaction of functionalized anilines with dimethyl carbonate over NaY faujasite. 3. chemoselectivity toward mono-N-methylation. J Org Chem 2003; 68:7374-8. [PMID: 12968889 DOI: 10.1021/jo034548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of NaY faujasite, dimethyl carbonate (MeOCO(2)Me, DMC) is a highly chemoselective methylating agent of functionalized anilines such as aminophenols (1), aminobenzyl alcohols (2), aminobenzoic acids (3), and aminobenzamides (4). The reaction proceeds with the exclusive formation of N-methylanilines without any concurrent O-methylation or N-/O-methoxy carbonylation side processes. Particularly, only mono-N-methyl derivatives [XC(6)H(4)NHMe, X = o-, m-, and p-OH; o- and p-CH(2)OH; o- and p-CO(2)H; o- and p-CONH(2)] are obtained with selectivity up to 99% and isolated yields of 74-99%. DMC, which usually promotes methylations only at T > 120 degrees C, is activated by the zeolite catalyst and it reacts with compounds 1, 2, and 4, at 90 degrees C. Aminobenzoic acids (3) require a higher reaction temperature (> or =130 degrees C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Selva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali dell'Università Ca' Foscari, Calle Larga S. Marta 2137, 30123-Venezia, Italy.
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Kunakbaeva Z, Carrasco R, Rozas I. An approximation to the mechanism of inhibition of cystein proteases: nucleophilic sulphur addition to Michael acceptors type compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(03)00086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Wang PG, Xian M, Tang X, Wu X, Wen Z, Cai T, Janczuk AJ. Nitric oxide donors: chemical activities and biological applications. Chem Rev 2002; 102:1091-134. [PMID: 11942788 DOI: 10.1021/cr000040l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 969] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases activated during apoptosis. In cultured human endothelial cells, physiological levels of NO prevent apoptosis and interfere with the activation of the caspase cascade. Previous studies have demonstrated that NO inhibits the activity of caspase-3 by S-nitrosylation of the enzyme. In this study, the inhibitory effect of a new class of NO donors. N-nitrosoaniline derivatives, were examined against caspase-3. Initially eight small molecule inhibitors bearing N-nitroso moieties were assayed. It was found that the presence of an electron-donating group on the phenyl ring led to better inhibitory potency, a trend consistent with the results from the previous papain studies. Based on the analysis of the enzyme and substrates' structures, two peptidyl N-nitrosoaniline inhibitors [Ac-DVAD-NNO (1) and Ac-DV-AMO (2)] were designed and synthesized. Both compounds exhibited enhanced inhibitory potency against caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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12
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N-NO bond dissociation energies of N-nitroso diphenylamine derivatives (or analogues) and their radical anions: implications for the effect of reductive electron transfer on N-NO bond activation and for the mechanisms of NO transfer to nitranions. J Org Chem 2000; 65:6729-35. [PMID: 11052125 DOI: 10.1021/jo000865v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The heterolytic and homolytic N-NO bond dissociation energies [i.e., deltaHhet(N-NO) and deltaHhomo(N-NO)] of 12 N-nitroso-diphenylamine derivatives (1-12) and two N-nitrosoindoles (13 and 14) in acetonitrile were determined by titration calorimetry and from a thermodynamic cycle, respectively. Comparison of these two sets of data indicates that homolysis of the N-NO bonds to generate NO* and nitrogen radical is energetically much more favorable (by 23.3-44.8 kcal/mol) than the corresponding heterolysis to generate a pair of ions, giving hints for the driving force and possible mechanism of NO-initiated chemical and biological transformations. The first (N-NO)-* bond dissociation energies [i.e., deltaH(N-NO)-* and deltaH'(N-NO)-*] of radical anions 1-*-14-* were also derived on the basis of appropriate cycles utilizing the experimentally measured deltaHhet(N-NO) and electrochemical data. Comparisons of these two quantities with those of the neutral N-NO bonds indicate a remarkable bond activation upon a possible one-electron transfer to the N-NO bonds, with an average bond-weakening effect of 48.8 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol for heterolysis and 22.3 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol for homolysis, respectively. The good to excellent linear correlations among the energetics of the related heterolytic processes [deltaHhet(N-NO), deltaH(N-NO)-*, and pKa(N-H)] and the related homolytic processes [deltaHhomo(N-NO), deltaH'(N-NO)-*, and BDE(N-H)] imply that the governing structural factors for these bond scissions are similar. Examples illustrating the use of such bond energetic data jointly with relevant redox potentials for analyzing various mechanistic possibilities for nitrosation of nitranions are presented.
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13
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Xian M, Wang QM, Chen X, Wang K, Wang PG. S-nitrosothiols as novel, reversible inhibitors of human rhinovirus 3C protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2097-100. [PMID: 10999479 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV) 3C protease was inactivated by a series of S-nitrosothiols. These compounds exhibited different inhibitory activities in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with second-order rate constants (kinact/K(I)) ranging from 131 to 5360 M(-1) min(-1). The inactive enzyme could be re-activated by DTT, GSH and ascorbate, which indicated the inactivation mechanism was through an S-transnitrosylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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14
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Xian M, Chen X, Liu Z, Wang K, Wang PG. Inhibition of papain by S-nitrosothiols. Formation of mixed disulfides. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:20467-73. [PMID: 10779505 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001054200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Nitrosylation of protein thiols is one of the cellular regulatory mechanisms induced by NO. The cysteine protease papain has a critical thiol residue (Cys(25)). It has been demonstrated that NO or NO donors such as sodium nitroprusside and N-nitrosoaniline derivatives can reversibly inhibit this enzyme by S-NO bond formation in its active site. In this study, a different regulated mechanism of inactivation was reported using S-nitrosothiols as the NO donor. Five S-nitroso compounds, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine, S-nitrosoglutathione, S-nitrosocaptopril, glucose-S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine-2, and the S-nitroso tripeptide acetyl-Phe-Gly-S-nitrosopenicillamine, exhibited different inhibitory activities toward the enzyme in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with second-order rate constants (k(i)/K(I)) ranging from 8.9 to 17.2 m(-1) s(-1). The inhibition of papain by S-nitrosothiol was rapidly reversed by dithiothreitol, but not by ascorbate, which could reverse the inhibition of papain by NOBF(4). Incubation of the enzyme with a fluorescent S-nitroso probe (S-nitroso-5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) resulted in the appearance of fluorescence of the protein, indicating the formation of a thiol adduct. Moreover, S-transnitrosylation in the incubation of S-nitroso inactivators with papain was excluded. These results suggest that inactivation of papain by S-nitrosothiols is due to a direct attack of the highly reactive thiolate (Cys(25)) in the enzyme active site on the sulfur of S-nitrosothiols to form a mixed disulfide between the inactivator and papain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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15
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Xian M, Wang K, Chen X, Hou Y, McGill A, Zhou B, Zhang ZY, Cheng JP, Wang PG. Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases by low-molecular-weight S-nitrosothiols and S-nitrosylated human serum albumin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 268:310-4. [PMID: 10679200 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The homogeneous recombinant mammalian protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and Yersinia protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) are inactivated by a series of low-molecular-weight S-nitrosothiols. These compounds exhibited different inhibitory activities in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with second-order rate constants (k(inact)/K(I)) ranging from 37 to 113 M(-1) min(-1) against mammalian PTP1B and from 66 to 613 M(-1) min(-1) against Yersinia PTPase. Furthermore, the inactivation of Yersinia PTPase by S-nitrosylated protein:S-nitroso human serum albumin was investigated. Both single-S-nitrosylated and poly-S-nitrosylated human serum albumin show good inhibitory ability to Yersinia PTPase. The second-order rate constants are 472 and 1188 M(-1) min(-1), respectively. This result indicates a possibility that S-nitrosylated albumin in vivo may function as an inhibitor for a variety of cysteine-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
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16
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Wang K, Hou Y, Zhang W, Ksebati MB, Xian M, Cheng JP, Wang PG. 15N NMR and electronic properties of S-nitrosothiols. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2897-902. [PMID: 10522714 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the 15N NMR of S-nitrosothiols showed that primary and tertiary RSNOs have distinct 15N chemical shifts around 730 and 790 ppm, respectively. Using 15N NMR technique, the equilibrium constant of NO transfer between SNAP and GSH was found to be 0.74. For primary RSNOs, linear relationships exist among 15N NMR chemical shifts, reduction potentials, and the pK(a)s of their parent thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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17
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Zhu XQ, Xian M, Wang K, Cheng JP. Is NO (Nitric Oxide) an Electron Acceptor or an Electrophile? A Detailed Thermodynamic Investigation on the Mechanisms of NO-Initiated Reactions with 3,6-Dibromocarbazolide Anion and Related Carbanion. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo982037w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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