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Wang ZA, Ding XZ, Tian CL, Zheng JS. Protein/peptide secondary structural mimics: design, characterization, and modulation of protein–protein interactions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13976k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses general aspects of novel artificial peptide secondary structure mimics for modulation of PPIs, their therapeutic applications and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng A. Wang
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xiaozhe Z. Ding
- School of Life Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Department of Bioengineering
| | - Chang-Lin Tian
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Ji-Shen Zheng
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. Hickey
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Shani K. Tripcony
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Rui Li
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Richard J. Williams
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Frederick M. Pfeffer
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
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3
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Behera TK, Nurul Islam S, Mobin SM, Singh V. Cycloaddition of cyclohexa-2,4-dienones with β-nitroacrylates: a short and efficient entry into bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes endowed with β-nitro-ester and β-amino ester functionality. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Farahani MD, Honarparvar B, Albericio F, Maguire GEM, Govender T, Arvidsson PI, Kruger HG. Proline N-oxides: modulators of the 3D conformation of linear peptides through “NO-turns”. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4479-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00433g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Gopinath P, Ramkumar V, Muraleedharan KM. Peptide turns through just ‘one atom’! A sulfamide group nucleates folding and stabilizes new supramolecular topologies in short peptides. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce01938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide segments with centrally placed sulfamide groups showed a remarkable tendency to adopt a turn conformation and exhibited supramolecular topologies like ‘helical stacks’ and ‘hairpin sheets’ through a highly coordinated array of strong and weak hydrogen bonds.
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6
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Hwang TL, Hung CH, Hsu CY, Huang YT, Tsai YC, Hsieh PW. Design and synthesis of tryptophan containing dipeptide derivatives as formyl peptide receptor 1 antagonist. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3742-55. [PMID: 23629449 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40215k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies identified an Fmoc-(S,R)-tryptophan-containing dipeptide derivative, 1, which selectively inhibited neutrophil elastase release induced by formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) in human neutrophils. In an attempt to improve pharmacological activity, a series of tryptophan-containing dipeptides were synthesized and their pharmacological activities were investigated in human neutrophils. Of these, five compounds 3, 6, 19a, 24a, and 24b exhibited potent and dual inhibitory effects on FMLP-induced superoxide anion (O2˙(-)) generation and neutrophil elastase release in neutrophils with IC50 values of 0.23/0.60, 1.88/2.47, 1.87/3.60, 0.12/0.37, and 1.32/1.03 μM, respectively. Further studies indicated that inhibition of superoxide production in human neutrophils by these dipeptides was associated with the selective inhibition of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). Furthermore, the results of structure-activity relationship studies concluded that the fragment N-benzoyl-Trp-Phe-OMe (3) was most suitable as a core structure for interaction with FPR1, and may be approved as a lead for the development of new drugs in the treatment of neutrophilic inflammatory diseases. As some of the synthesized compounds exhibited separable conformational isomers, and showed diverse bioactivities, the conformation analysis of these compounds is also discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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Haridas V, Sadanandan S, Gopalakrishna MVS, Bijesh MB, Verma RP, Chinthalapalli S, Shandilya A. Bispidine as a helix inducing scaffold: examples of helically folded linear peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10980-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45649h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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8
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Haridas V, Sadanandan S, Sharma YK, Chinthalapalli S, Shandilya A. Bispidine as a secondary structure nucleator in peptides. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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9
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Self-assembly of amides of endo-3-(3-methylthio-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid directed by N-amide substituents. Struct Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-010-9711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Moriuchi T, Hirao T. Design of ferrocene-dipeptide bioorganometallic conjugates to induce chirality-organized structures. Acc Chem Res 2010; 43:1040-51. [PMID: 20377253 DOI: 10.1021/ar100022n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The highly ordered molecular assemblies in proteins can have a variety of functions, as observed in enzymes, receptors, and the like. Synthetic scientists are constructing bioinspired systems by harnessing the self-assembling properties of short peptides. Secondary structures such as alpha-helices, beta-sheets, and beta-turns are important in protein folding, which is mostly directed and stabilized by hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic interactions of side chains. The design of secondary structure mimics that are composed of short peptides has attracted much attention, both for gaining fundamental insight into the factors affecting protein folding and for developing pharmacologically useful compounds, artificial receptors, asymmetric catalysts, and new materials. Ferrocenes are an organometallic scaffold with a central reverse-turn unit based on the inter-ring spacing of about 3.3 A, which is a suitable distance for hydrogen bonding between attached peptide strands. The conjugation of organometallic compounds with biomolecules such as amino acids, peptides, and DNA should provide novel systems that reflect properties of both the ferrocene and the biologically derived moieties. In this Account, we focus on recent advances in the design of ferrocene-peptide bioconjugates, which help illustrate the peptidomimetic basis for protein folding and the means of constructing highly ordered molecular assemblies. Ferrocene-peptide bioconjugates are constructed to form chirality-organized structures in both solid and solution states. The ferrocene serves as a reliable organometallic scaffold for the construction of protein secondary structures via intramolecular hydrogen bonding: the attached dipeptide strands are constrained within the appropriate dimensions. The introduction of the chiral dipeptide chains into the ferrocene scaffold induces the conformational enantiomerization of the ferrocenyl moiety; the chirality-organized structure results from intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The configuration and sequence of the amino acids are instrumental in the process. Regulation of the directionality and specificity of hydrogen bonding is a key component in the design of various molecular assemblies. Ferrocene-peptide bioconjugates also have a strong tendency to self-assemble through the contributions of available hydrogen-bonding donors in the solid state. Some ferrocene-peptide bioconjugates bearing only one dipeptide chain exhibit a helically ordered molecular assembly through a network of intermolecular (rather than intramolecular) hydrogen bonds. The propensity to form the chiral helicity appears to be controlled by the chirality of the dipeptide chains. Organization of host molecules is a useful strategy for forming artificial receptors. The conformationally regulated ferrocene-peptide bioconjugate provides the chirality-organized binding site for size-selective and chiral recognition of dicarboxylic acids through multipoint hydrogen bonds. Metal ions serve a variety of purposes in proteins, including structural stabilization for biological function. The complexation of ferrocene-peptide bioconjugates with palladium(II) compounds not only stabilizes the chirality conformational regulation but also induces conformational regulation of the dipeptide chain through complexation and intramolecular chirality organization. Construction of the chirality-organized ferrocene-peptide bioconjugates is also achieved by metal-directed assembly. These varied examples amply demonstrate the value of ferrocene-peptide bioconjugates in asserting architectural control over highly ordered molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Moriuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Polymerization of 1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane with chiral tricyclic amino acid esters for obtaining biomedical materials. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-010-8214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Freire F, Gellman SH. Macrocyclic design strategies for small, stable parallel beta-sheet scaffolds. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7970-2. [PMID: 19456161 DOI: 10.1021/ja902210f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pairs of short peptide strands can be induced to adopt an antiparallel beta-sheet secondary structure in aqueous solution via a macrocyclic constraint, as illustrated by many natural and designed peptides. We show that an analogous strategy is successful for creation of small units of parallel beta-sheet secondary structure in aqueous solution. Cyclization in this case requires nonpeptide segments for N-to-N and C-to-C interstrand linkage. Surprisingly, we find that only one of these segments needs to be preorganized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Freire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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14
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Freire F, Fisk JD, Peoples AJ, Ivancic M, Guzei IA, Gellman SH. Diacid linkers that promote parallel beta-sheet secondary structure in water. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7839-41. [PMID: 18507461 DOI: 10.1021/ja802042c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of diacid units that promote formation of a two-stranded parallel beta-sheet secondary structure between peptide segments attached via their N-termini. These linker units are formed by attaching glycine to one carboxyl group of cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (CHDA). Parallel sheet formation in water is observed when l-residue strands are attached to the CHDA-Gly unit with either of the two absolute configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Freire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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15
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Oku H, Yamada K, Katakai R. Conformational change from antiparallel beta-sheet to alpha-helix in a series of depsipeptide, -(Leu-Leu-Lac)(n)-: syntheses, spectroscopic studies, and crystal structures of Boc-Leu-Lac-OEt and Boc-(Leu-Leu-Lac)(n)-OEt (n = 1, 2). Biopolymers 2008; 89:270-83. [PMID: 18067154 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The depsipeptides Boc-Leu-Lac-OEt (1) and Boc-(Leu-Leu-Lac)(n)-OEt (n = 1, 2) (2 and 3, respectively) (Boc = tert-butyloxycarbonyl, Lac = L-lactic acid residue) has been synthesized and studied by crystallographic, CD spectroscopic, and ESI-MS analyses. In the packing cells, those three compounds adopt beta-strand conformations. Each molecule is linked into a dimer (1) or an infinite assembly (2 and 3) by tight hydrogen bonds of the type NH...O==C. Interestingly, the hexamer, 3 shows the first example of antiparallel pleated beta-sheet crystal structure for a depsipeptide molecule. In the packing cells, especially for 3, the ester groups O--C==O are perpendicularly oriented to the amide groups NH--C==O and beta-sheet planes to avoid the interaction between --O--(ester) and O==C. Therefore, when the chain length become longer, the O...O==C repulsion interaction works as a beta-sheet breaker and hence promotes an alpha-helical structure as observed for Boc-(Leu-Leu-Lac)(3)-Leu-Leu-OEt (4) (Oku et al. Biopolymers 2004, 75, 242-254) and Boc-(Leu-Leu-Lac)(n)-OEt (n = 4-6) (5-7) (Katakai et al., Biopolymers 1996, 38, 285-290), in which the O...O==C repulsion does not cause significant structural changes in alpha-helical main chains. Therefore from the structural and spectroscopic analyses, we have found governing factors for the specificity in the beta-sheet and alpha-helix decision in this series of depsipeptides, -(Leu-Leu-Lac)(n)-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Oku
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan.
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16
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Bourguet E, Correia I, Dorgeret B, Chassaing G, Sicsic S, Ongeri S. Synthesis and conformational studies of pseudopeptides containing an unsymmetrical triazine scaffold. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:596-609. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Pal’chikov VA, Tarabara IN, Kas’yan LI. Endic acid diamides. Synthesis and reactivity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042800707007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Danieli E, Trabocchi A, Menchi G, Guarna A. Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Constrained β-Turn Mimetics Incorporating a Bicyclic Turn Inducer by Use of the Petasis Three-Component Reaction on Solid Phase. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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20
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Sutthasupa S, Terada K, Sanda F, Masuda T. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of amino acid-functionalized norbornene derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Chandrasekhar S, Babu BN, Prabhakar A, Sudhakar A, Reddy MS, Kiran MU, Jagadeesh B. Oligomers of cis-β-norbornene amino acid: Formation of β-strand mimetics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:1548-50. [PMID: 16575456 DOI: 10.1039/b518420g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oligomers of constrained cis-exo-beta-norbornene amino acid were synthesised and characterised by extensive NMR, CD, IR and MD studies. The results showed the formation of both right and left handed consecutive 6-membered hydrogen-bonded strands for [2S,3R] and [2R,3S] enantiomers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Division of Organic Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.
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22
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Plettner E, Mohle A, Mwangi MT, Griscti J, Patrick BO, Nair R, Batchelor RJ, Einstein F. 2-Chlorobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxamide and 2-chlorobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxamide as precursors of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-one and bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one: resolution, absolute configuration and hydrogen-bonding properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Hackenberger CPR, Schiffers I, Runsink J, Bolm C. General synthesis of unsymmetrical norbornane scaffolds as inducers for hydrogen bond interactions in peptides. J Org Chem 2004; 69:739-43. [PMID: 14750799 DOI: 10.1021/jo030295+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Starting from readily accessible endo-cis-(2S,3R)-norbornene dicarboxylic acid benzyl monoester, a general and efficient synthetic approach toward unsymmetrical two-stranded peptidic structures was developed. In these structures the peptide strands are oriented in a parallel geometry. Their synthesis is easily applicable to a variety of amino acids and peptides. Specifically, a norbornane template as molecular scaffold induces hydrogen bonding between the adjacent peptide strands. The specific hydrogen bonding patterns between these strands were revealed by detailed NMR analysis including TOCSY/NOE experiments.
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24
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Moreno-Vargas AJ, Schütz C, Scopelliti R, Vogel P. Synthesis of enantiomerically pure 1,2-diamine derivatives of 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane. New leads as glycosidase inhibitors and rigid scaffolds for the preparation of peptide analogues. J Org Chem 2003; 68:5632-40. [PMID: 12839456 DOI: 10.1021/jo0301088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomerically pure alcohols (-)- and (+)-7-tert-butoxycarbonyl-6-endo-p-toluenesulfonyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-en-5-endo-ol ((-)-11 and (+)-11) have been obtained from the Diels-Alder adduct of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrroel and 2-bromo-1-p-toluenesulfonylacetylene, including a resolution method. These two alcohols were converted into (+)- and (-)-5-exo-amino-7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,3-exo-isopropylidenedioxy-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ((+)-18 and (-)-18) and (+)- and (-)-5-endo-amino-7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,3-exo-isopropylidenedioxy-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ((+)-19 and (-)-19) after adequate functionalization and desulfonylation steps. The corresponding conformationally constrained bicyclic 1,2-diamines (+)-4, (-)-4, (+/-)-5, (+/-)-6, (+)-7, and (-)-7 were obtained from the protected precursors 18 and 19 and evaluated as glycosidase inhibitors. Diamines (+)-4, (-)-4, (+)-6, and (-)-6 can be seen as new nonpeptide molecular scaffolds for the design of peptide analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Moreno-Vargas
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et Biologique de l'Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland
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25
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Development of 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane as a constrained azapeptide template and its uses in peptidomimetic studies. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Woll MG, Lai JR, Guzei IA, Taylor SJ, Smith ME, Gellman SH. Parallel sheet secondary structure in gamma-peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:11077-8. [PMID: 11686719 DOI: 10.1021/ja011719p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M G Woll
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate Program in Biophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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27
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Moriuchi T, Nomoto A, Yoshida K, Ogawa A, Hirao T. Chirality organization of ferrocenes bearing podand dipeptide chains: synthesis and structural characterization. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:68-75. [PMID: 11273602 DOI: 10.1021/ja002869n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A variety of ferrocenes bearing podand dipeptide chains have been synthesized to form an ordered structure in both solid and solution states and have been investigated by 1H NMR, FT-IR, CD, and X-ray crystallographic analyses. Conformational enantiomerization through chirality organization was achieved by the intramolecular hydrogen bondings between the podand dipeptide chains. The single-crystal X-ray structure determination of the ferrocene 2 bearing the podand dipeptide chains (-D-Ala-D-Pro-OEt) revealed two C2-symmetric intramolecular hydrogen bondings between CO (Ala) and NH (another Ala) of each podand dipeptide chain to induce the chirality-organized structure. The molecular structures of the ferrocene 1 composed of the podand L-dipeptide chains (-L-Ala-L-Pro-OEt) and 2 are in a good mirror image relationship, indicating that they are conformational enantiomers. An opposite helically ordered molecular arrangement was formed in the crystal packing of 2 as compared with 1. The ferrocene 2 exhibited induced circular dichroism (CD), which appeared at the absorbance of the ferrocene moiety. The mirror image of the CD signals between 1 and 2 was observed, suggesting that the chirality-organized structure via intramolecular hydrogen bondings is present even in solution. The ferrocene 4 bearing the podand dipeptide chains (-Gly-L-Leu-OEt) also showed an ordered structure in the crystal based on two intramolecular hydrogen bondings between CO (Gly) and NH (another Gly) of each podand dipeptide chain, together with intermolecular hydrogen bondings between CO adjacent to the ferrocene unit and NH (neighboring Leu) to create the highly organized self-assembly. A different self-assembly was observed in the crystal of the ferrocene 5 composed of the podand dipeptide chains (-Gly-L-Phe-OEt), wherein each molecule is bonded to two neighboring molecules through two pairs of symmetrical intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form a 14-membered intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded ring. These ordered structures based on the intramolecular hydrogen bondings in the solution state are also confirmed by 1H NMR and FT-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Moriuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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29
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Ranganathan D, Kurur S, Karle IL. Design, synthesis, and crystal structure of self-assembling norbornene (NBE)-supported two-helix bundles: a unique example of Janus helicity in the solid-state structure of NBE(Aib(5))(2). Biopolymers 2000; 54:249-61. [PMID: 10867633 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0282(20001005)54:4<249::aid-bip20>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Norbornene-supported bis-helical peptides with the general structure NBE(Aib(n) )(2) (NBE: 2,3-trans-norbornene dicarbonyl unit; Aib: alpha,alpha'-dimethyl glycine unit; n = 4,5) have been synthesized and examined for self-assembly preferences in the solid state. An x-ray study has revealed a phenomenon of Janus helicity in the solid state structure of NBE(Aib(5))(2). The lower homologue NBE(Aib(4))(2), however, shows an identical screw sense for both the helical arms. The difference in the handedness of left and right arms is reflected in the self-assembly patterns. Thus, while the NBE(Aib(4))(2) molecule self-assembles to form an infinite hydrogen-bonded superhelical ladder, the Janus molecule NBE(Aib(5))(2) crystallizes as individual units surrounded by water molecules. The structures of Z-Aib(4)-OMe and Z-Aib(5)-OMe are also presented to compare their conformations with the helical arms of the title compound and also to the already known structures of other X-Aib(n) -Y compounds. The helices in all the molecules are the 3(10)-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ranganathan
- Discovery Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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30
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Puliti R, Mattia C, Giancola C, Barone G. Crystal structure and conformational stability of N -acetyl- l -prolyl- l -leucinamide. Comparison between structural and thermophysical data. J Mol Struct 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(00)00537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Belvisi L, Bernardi A, Manzoni L, Potenza D, Scolastico C. Conformational Analysis of Azabicycloalkane Amino Acid Scaffolds as Reverse-Turn Inducer Dipeptide Mimics. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200007)2000:14<2563::aid-ejoc2563>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The use of norbornene units to induce the formation of beta-sheet and beta-turn type structures in peptides is discussed. The norbornene unit is readily prepared by a desymmetrization reaction and is easily incorporated into a peptide chain. Depending upon the exact nature of the norbornene unit, it is possible to form structures which resemble parallel beta-sheets, antiparallel beta-sheets or beta-turns. Similar peptide analogues incorporating a cis-2-amino-cyclopropane carboxylic acid unit can also be prepared. As an illustration of the application of this chemistry, a short, asymmetric synthesis of conformationally constrained metalloprotease inhibitors is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M North
- Department of Chemistry, King's College, Strand, London, UK.
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Belvisi L, Gennari C, Madder A, Mielgo A, Potenza D, Scolastico C. Rationally Designed Bicyclic Lactams Control Different Turn Motifs and Folding Patterns in Hexapeptide Mimics. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(200003)2000:5<695::aid-ejoc695>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ranganathan D, Haridas V, Kurur S, Nagaraj R, Bikshapathy E, Kunwar AC, Sarma AV, Vairamani M. Norbornene-constrained cyclic peptides with hairpin architecture: design, synthesis, conformation, and membrane ion transport. J Org Chem 2000; 65:365-74. [PMID: 10813943 DOI: 10.1021/jo9912045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel family of hairpin cyclic peptides has been designed on the basis of the use of norbornene units as the bridging ligands. The design is flexible with respect to the choice of an amino acid, the ring size, and the nature of the second bridging ligand as illustrated here with the preparation of a large number of norborneno cyclic peptides containing a variety of amino acids in ring sizes varying from 12- to 29-membered, with the choice of the second bridging ligand being a rigid norbornene (11, 13a,b), an adamantane unit (7a,b and 8), or a flexible cystine residue (4a,b and 10). The presence of built-in handles (as protected COOH groups) permits the attachment of a variety of subunits as shown here with the ligation of Leu-Leu, Val-Val, or Aib-Aib pendants in 4b, 7b, and 13b, respectively. This novel class of constrained cyclic peptides are demonstrated to adopt beta-sheet- or hairpin-like conformation as shown by (1)H NMR and CD spectra. Membrane ion-transport studies have shown that the norborneno cyclic peptides 4b and 7b containing Leu-Leu or Val-Val pendants symmetrically placed on the exterior of the ring show high efficiency and selectivity in the transport of specifically monovalent cations. This property can be attributed to the hairpin-like architecture induced by the norbornene unit since the bis-adamantano peptide 15 containing two pairs of Leu-Leu pendants on the exterior is able to transport both monovalent (Na(+), K(+)) and divalent (Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)) cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ranganathan
- Discovery Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, and Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500 007, India.
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Abstract
Molecules that fold to mimic protein secondary structures have emerged as important targets of bioorganic chemistry. Recently, a variety of compounds that mimic helices, turns, and sheets have been developed, with notable advances in the design of beta-peptides that mimic each of these structures. These compounds hold promise as a step toward synthetic molecules with protein-like properties and as drugs that block protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Stigers
- Department of Chemistry, 535B Rowland Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
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