1
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Basak U, Chatterjee DP, Mahapatra G, Nandi AK. Enhanced Optoelectronic Properties of Polythiophene- g-Poly(dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate)- b-Poly(diethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) Copolymers using " Grafting onto" Synthetic Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:48854-48869. [PMID: 39231951 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of polythiophene (PT) graft block copolymers are most important for fabricating optoelectronic devices, and recently, we reported a single-pot atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique for preparation of PT graft block copolymers between thermoresponsive poly(diethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMEM) and pH-responsive poly(dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) from the PT backbone via the "grafting from" strategy with an 11 mol % contamination. A "grafting onto" strategy has been opted to eliminate the contamination from the block copolymer where we synthesized poly(thiophene acetic acid) (P3TAA) followed by the coupling with PDEGMEM-b-PDMAEMA-Cl, PDMAEMA-b-PDEGMEM-Cl, and PDMAEMA-ran-PDEGMEM-Cl copolymers, produced separately by the ATRP technique. The polymers were characterized using 1H NMR, SEC, etc. TEM study exhibits mostly vesicular morphology and optical properties measured using UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy showing pH dependent behavior. dc conductivity values indicate semiconducting nature in the order P2 > P3 > P1. The abrupt hike of P2 (∼80 times) in conductivity at pH 3 from that of previously prepared P2 copolymers formed by the grafting from process is attributed to the absence of ∼11 mol % contamination. Conductivity decreases with increasing pH, due to coiling of the PT backbone in accordance with the blue shifts of λabs peaks. The current (I)-voltage (V) plots exhibit bimodal memory and organic mixed ionic and electronic conductivity. Higher current (3.3 mA for P2, pH 3) and electronic memory occur upon light irradiation than that of dark. Photoswitching property decreases with increase of pH, showing highest photocurrent gain of 8.05 for P2 at pH 3. Photocurrent gain follows the order P2 > P3 > P1 indicating P2 is the best to develop photoswitches in the P-series polymers. Fitting of growth and decay curves suggests that they are a two-stage process: photocurrent raises fast at the on state initially and then at a slower rate and similar at an off state. Impedance spectra suggest charge-transfer resistance and Warburg impedance values follow the order of P1 > P3 > P2, whereas capacitance value follows the opposite order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayan Basak
- Polymer Science Unit, School of Material Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Dhruba P Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Gouranga Mahapatra
- Polymer Science Unit, School of Material Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit, School of Material Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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2
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Kumar D, Tiwari R, Verma DK, Yadav S, Parwati K, Adhikary P, Krishnamoorthi S. Isomeric polythiophene: a promising material for low voltage electronic devices. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1293-1300. [PMID: 38240121 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01479g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
In this investigation, we present empirical observations detailing the manifestation of substantial negative capacitance (NC), reaching up to -1 F, within iodine-doped isomeric polythiophene (IPTh-I2). NC observed in our case is not transient but stable enough to be measured for as long as the optimum concentration of the iodine dopant is available. In contrast, undoped isomeric polythiophene (IPTh) manifests a modest positive capacitance ranging from 30 to 60 μF. The concatenation of IPTh-I2 and IPTh in the series results in an augmentation of the total capacitance of the system (∼170 μF), exemplifying a characteristic feature of NC. Conversely, a bilayer configuration consisting of IPTh:IPTh exhibits a reduction in total capacitance by 38%. A notable amplification in the dielectric constant, escalating from 30 in IPTh to approximately 2000 in IPTh-I2, signifies extensive conformational and structural alterations arising from interactions between the doped polymer chain and various iodide species, attributing to the emergence of NC. Furthermore, we document a single-sided p-n junction diode with a low knee voltage (below 0.5 V) as a model device, illustrating the potential of IPTh as a promising material for the design and development of negative capacitance-based field-effect transistors. This research offers avenues for the scientific community to conceive low knee voltage-operating diodes, transistors, supercapacitors, and various other electronic devices based on all-organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Rudramani Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Dipendra Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Shashikant Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Km Parwati
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Pubali Adhikary
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - S Krishnamoorthi
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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3
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Sinsinbar G, Gudlur S, Liedberg B. Rapid Detection of Escherichia coli: Optimized Peptide-Polythiophene Interactions Help Reduce Assay Time and Improve Naked-Eye Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31541-31550. [PMID: 35797225 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent improvements in methods for rapid detection of microbial contamination in food and water samples have aided in the development of on-site and point-of-care testing. Early detection, made possible via on-site testing, can help limit the spread of food and waterborne illnesses. Recently, we reported a novel fluorescence-based Omptin-Polythiophene assay (the assay) to detect Escherichia coli in contaminated water samples. The assay targets OmpT─an E. coli outer membrane protease─and exploits the protease's ability to cleave at dibasic sites within a peptide. By combining a peptide substrate optimized for OmpT with a conjugated polythiophene reporter molecule whose optical properties vary upon interaction with the intact or cleaved peptide, we demonstrated the detection of 1-10 CFU/mL and 105 CFU/mL E. coli in 5.5 and 1 h, respectively. In comparison, most microbial detection methods that rely on culturing and plating techniques take anywhere between 8 and 24 h to report their results. Herein we report significant improvements in the assay which include reducing the assay time from an already short 1 h to a mere 10 min for detecting E. coli in highly contaminated samples and augmenting the assay with colorimetric sensing capability for naked eye discernment under normal visible light or under UV-A light. These improvements were made possible by characterizing the optical changes resulting from the interaction of the peptide with five carboxylate-functionalized polythiophene variants carrying different 3- side chain carboxylic acids and by identifying preferential peptide substrates via the screening of ten peptide sequence variants for OmpT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sinsinbar
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Sushanth Gudlur
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
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4
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Kumar D, Tiwari R, Verma DK, Yadav S, Adhikary P, Krishnamoorthi S. Synthesis, characterization and electro-conducting study of isomeric polythiophene. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9697-9707. [PMID: 34642719 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01217g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein we have reported for the first time a one-pot, one step methodology to synthesize isomeric polythiophene (IPTh) possessing 2,2, 2,4 and 5,4 linkages. The method of polymerization of thiophene to IPTh involved reacting thiophene with DDQ in the presence of concentrated H2SO4 at 40 °C and the polymerization is completed in 10 minutes. The synthesized IPTh was characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The formation of polaron and bipolaron in an iodine doped sample (IPTh-I2) has been confirmed by IR, Raman and UV-Vis spectra. The electrical conductivity of the synthesized IPTh and IPTh-I2 have been studied by impedance spectroscopy and found to be ∼10-5 and 10-3 S cm-1 respectively. IPTh exhibits an excellent thermal stability up to 150 °C, and low optical band gap of 3.49 eV suitable for photovoltaic applications. The weight average molecular weight of IPTh has been found to be 18.636 kDa, and it has a better post functionalization capability and hence wider scope than polythiophene (PTh).
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Rudramani Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Dipendra Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Shashikant Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Pubali Adhikary
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - S Krishnamoorthi
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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5
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Sinsinbar G, Gudlur S, Wood SE, Ammanath G, Yildiz HU, Alagappan P, Mrksich M, Liedberg B. Outer‐Membrane Protease (OmpT) Based
E. coli
Sensing with Anionic Polythiophene and Unlabeled Peptide Substrate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sinsinbar
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science School of Materials Science Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637553 Singapore
| | - Sushanth Gudlur
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science School of Materials Science Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637553 Singapore
| | - Sarah E. Wood
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Gopal Ammanath
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science School of Materials Science Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637553 Singapore
| | - Hakan U. Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry Izmir Institute of Technology Urla 35430 Izmir Turkey
| | - Palaniappan Alagappan
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science School of Materials Science Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637553 Singapore
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science School of Materials Science Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637553 Singapore
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6
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Sinsinbar G, Gudlur S, Wood SE, Ammanath G, Yildiz HU, Alagappan P, Mrksich M, Liedberg B. Outer-Membrane Protease (OmpT) Based E. coli Sensing with Anionic Polythiophene and Unlabeled Peptide Substrate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18068-18077. [PMID: 32618102 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
E. coli and Salmonella are two of the most common bacterial pathogens involved in foodborne and waterborne related deaths. Hence, it is critical to develop rapid and sensitive detection strategies for near-outbreak applications. Reported is a simple and specific assay to detect as low as 1 CFU mL-1 of E. coli in water within 6 hours by targeting the bacteria's surface protease activity. The assay relies on polythiophene acetic acid (PTAA) as an optical reporter and a short unlabeled peptide (LL37FRRV ) previously optimized as a substrate for OmpT, an outer-membrane protease on E. coli. LL37FRRV interacts with PTAA to enhance its fluorescence while also inducing the formation of a helical PTAA-LL37FRRV construct, as confirmed by circular dichroism. However, in the presence of E. coli LL37FRRV is cleaved and can no longer affect the conformations and optical properties of PTAA. This ability to distinguish between an intact and cleaved peptide was investigated in detail using LL37FRRV sequence variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sinsinbar
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Sushanth Gudlur
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Sarah E Wood
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Gopal Ammanath
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Hakan U Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Palaniappan Alagappan
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
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7
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Das S, Routh P, Ghosh R, Chatterjee DP, Nandi AK. Water-soluble ionic polythiophenes for biological and analytical applications. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Das
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Parimal Routh
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Radhakanta Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Dhruba P Chatterjee
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
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8
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Klingstedt T, Shirani H, Mahler J, Wegenast-Braun BM, Nyström S, Goedert M, Jucker M, Nilsson KPR. Distinct Spacing Between Anionic Groups: An Essential Chemical Determinant for Achieving Thiophene-Based Ligands to Distinguish β-Amyloid or Tau Polymorphic Aggregates. Chemistry 2015; 21:9072-82. [PMID: 26013403 PMCID: PMC4517144 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of protein aggregates is associated with many devastating neurodegenerative diseases and the existence of distinct aggregated morphotypes has been suggested to explain the heterogeneous phenotype reported for these diseases. Thus, the development of molecular probes able to distinguish such morphotypes is essential. We report an anionic tetrameric oligothiophene compound that can be utilized for spectral assignment of different morphotypes of β-amyloid or tau aggregates present in transgenic mice at distinct ages. The ability of the ligand to spectrally distinguish between the aggregated morphotypes was reduced when the spacing between the anionic substituents along the conjugated thiophene backbone was altered, which verified that specific molecular interactions between the ligand and the protein aggregate are necessary to detect aggregate polymorphism. Our findings provide the structural and functional basis for the development of new fluorescent ligands that can distinguish between different morphotypes of protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therése Klingstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Linköping UniversitySE-581 83 Linköping (Sweden) E-mail:
| | - Hamid Shirani
- Department of Chemistry, Linköping UniversitySE-581 83 Linköping (Sweden) E-mail:
| | - Jasmin Mahler
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TübingenTübingen (Germany)
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesTübingen (Germany)
| | - Bettina M Wegenast-Braun
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TübingenTübingen (Germany)
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesTübingen (Germany)
| | - Sofie Nyström
- Department of Chemistry, Linköping UniversitySE-581 83 Linköping (Sweden) E-mail:
| | - Michel Goedert
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridge (United Kingdom)
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TübingenTübingen (Germany)
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesTübingen (Germany)
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Linköping UniversitySE-581 83 Linköping (Sweden) E-mail:
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9
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Das S, Chatterjee DP, Ghosh R, Nandi AK. Water soluble polythiophenes: preparation and applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16496b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Different synthetic procedures for water soluble polythiophenes and their applications in sensing, detection of biomolecules and optoelectronic devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Das
- Polymer Science Unit
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - Dhruba P. Chatterjee
- Polymer Science Unit
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - Radhakanta Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - Arun K. Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
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10
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Bouldin RM, Singh A, Magaletta M, Connor S, Kumar J, Nagarajan R. Biocatalytic Synthesis of Fluorescent Conjugated Indole Oligomers. Bioengineering (Basel) 2014; 1:246-259. [PMID: 28955027 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering1040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent conjugated materials exhibiting reasonable biocompatibility that are capable of interacting with biological molecules are of interest for bio-sensing and imaging applications. Traditional approaches do not allow for the synthesis of conjugated materials in the presence of biologically relevant substrates. Further conjugated polymers synthesized using conventional methods are doped and not fluorescent. Here we explore the possibility of synthesizing fluorescent oligomers of indole using enzymes as catalyst under mild conditions. The peroxidase catalyzed coupling reaction presented here creates a photoluminescent material that allows for direct utilization (without purification and separation of the dopant) in biosensing applications. The polymerization reaction proceeds smoothly in just deionized water and ethanol. Monitoring of the absorption and fluorescence spectra over one hour shows that the concentration of both absorbing and emitting species grows steadily over time. The presence of anionic buffers and templates is shown to effectively retard the development of light emitting species and instead leads to the formation of an electrically doped conjugated polymer. Structural characterization through FTIR and ¹H-NMR analysis suggests that the oligomer is coupled through the 2 and 3 positions on the indole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Bouldin
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bentley University, Waltham, MA 02452, USA.
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
- Center for Advanced Materials, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Michael Magaletta
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Sean Connor
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Jayant Kumar
- Center for Advanced Materials, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Ramaswamy Nagarajan
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
- Center for Advanced Materials, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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11
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Hevekerl H, Wigenius J, Persson G, Inganäs O, Widengren J. Dark States in Ionic Oligothiophene Bioprobes—Evidence from Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:5924-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501324e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Hevekerl
- Experimental
Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Wigenius
- Biomolecular
and Organic Electronics, Department of Applied Physics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gustav Persson
- Experimental
Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Inganäs
- Biomolecular
and Organic Electronics, Department of Applied Physics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jerker Widengren
- Experimental
Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Lechner BAJ, Sacchi M, Jardine AP, Hedgeland H, Allison W, Ellis J, Jenkins SJ, Dastoor PC, Hinch BJ. Jumping, Rotating, and Flapping: The Atomic-Scale Motion of Thiophene on Cu(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1953-1958. [PMID: 26283133 DOI: 10.1021/jz400639c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers of sulfur-containing heterocycles and linear oligomers containing thiophene groups have been widely employed in organic electronic applications. Here, we investigate the dynamics of isolated thiophene molecules on Cu(111) by combining helium spin-echo (HeSE) spectroscopy with density functional theory calculations. We show that the thiophene/Cu(111) system displays a rich array of aperiodic dynamical phenomena that include jump diffusion between adjacent atop sites over a 59-62 meV barrier and activated rotation around a sulfur-copper anchor, two processes that have been observed previously for related systems. In addition, we present experimental evidence for a new, weakly activated process, the flapping of the molecular ring. Repulsive inter-adsorbate interactions and an exceptionally high friction coefficient of 5 ± 2 ps(-1) are also observed. These experiments demonstrate the versatility of the HeSE technique, and the quantitative information extracted in a detailed analysis provides an ideal benchmark for state-of-the-art theoretical techniques including nonlocal adsorbate-substrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A J Lechner
- †Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Sacchi
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Jardine
- †Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Hedgeland
- †Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - William Allison
- †Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - John Ellis
- †Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Dastoor
- §Centre for Organic Electronics, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - B J Hinch
- ∥Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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13
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Oh JY, Shin M, Lee TI, Jang WS, Min Y, Myoung JM, Baik HK, Jeong U. Self-Seeded Growth of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) Nanofibrils by a Cycle of Cooling and Heating in Solutions. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300958n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seoul, Republic
of Korea
| | - Minkwan Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seoul, Republic
of Korea
| | - Tae Il Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seoul, Republic
of Korea
| | - Woo Soon Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seoul, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yuho Min
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seoul, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Myoung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seoul, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hong Koo Baik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seoul, Republic
of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seoul, Republic
of Korea
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14
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Dutta K, Mahale RY, Arulkashmir A, Krishnamoorthy K. Reversible assembly and disassembly of micelles by a polymer that switches between hydrophilic and hydrophobic wettings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10097-10104. [PMID: 22690803 DOI: 10.1021/la301760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular complexes involving nanoscopic amphiphilic assemblies (AAs) and polyelectrolytes have been used to prepare a variety of materials, wherein the dynamic AAs retain the structural features, but the polyelectrolytes undergo conformational changes. Here we show that a charge bearing rigid conjugated polymer can alter the structural features and disassemble AAs. We also demonstrate reversible assembly and disassembly of AAs by controlling the number of charges on the rigid polymer. During the disassembly, the guest molecules sequestered in the AAs are released. The rate of release has been modulated by changing the morphology of the charge bearing polymer. Concomitant to the AAs disassembly, the polymer surface becomes hydrophobic due to the binding of the amphiphiles on the charges of the polymer backbone. By controlling the charges on the polymer, the surface wettability was varied gradually from hydrophilic to hydrophobic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Dutta
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Laboratory, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory-Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Qian G, Wang ZY. Near-infrared thermochromic diazapentalene dyes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:1582-1588. [PMID: 22351616 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2,5-diazapentalene containing dyes with tunable energy gaps are visible and near-infrared halochromic towards various acids and their protonated counterparts represent a new class of thermochromic materials with the near-infrared absorption being switched on at room temperature and off above 50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Lepage PH, Peytavi R, Bergeron MG, Leclerc M. Amplification strategy using aggregates of ferrocene-containing cationic polythiophene for sensitive and specific electrochemical detection of DNA. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8086-92. [PMID: 21932839 DOI: 10.1021/ac200713f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a new electrochemical amplification strategy for an ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of DNA sequences using aggregates composed of a water-soluble, ferrocene-functionalized polythiophene. A two-step hybridization is performed at one addressing surface with PNA capture probes whereas the electrochemical detection is done on an electrode nearby. Specific and quantitative detection of DNA targets with a detection limit of 4 × 10(-16) M (about 4 zeptomoles or about 2500 copies of oligonucleotides) was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Harding Lepage
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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17
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Gomes AL, Casanovas J, Bertran O, de C. Campos JS, Armelin E, Alemán C. Electronic properties of poly(thiophene-3-methyl acetate). JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-010-9556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Hassan Omar O, Babudri F, Farinola GM, Naso F, Operamolla A, Pedone A. Synthesis of d-glucose and l-phenylalanine substituted phenylene–thiophene oligomers. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Becht GA, Lee S, Seifert S, Firestone MA. Solvent Tunable Optical Properties of a Polymerized Vinyl- and Thienyl-Substituted Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14703-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102904e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Becht
- Materials Science and X-ray Sciences Divisions, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Sungwon Lee
- Materials Science and X-ray Sciences Divisions, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Sönke Seifert
- Materials Science and X-ray Sciences Divisions, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Millicent A. Firestone
- Materials Science and X-ray Sciences Divisions, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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20
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Shiraki T, Dawn A, Tsuchiya Y, Shinkai S. Thermo- and Solvent-Responsive Polymer Complex Created from Supramolecular Complexation between a Helix-Forming Polysaccharide and a Cationic Polythiophene. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13928-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1067349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Shiraki
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), 203-1 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0385 Japan, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, and Department of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Arnab Dawn
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), 203-1 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0385 Japan, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, and Department of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), 203-1 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0385 Japan, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, and Department of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Seiji Shinkai
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), 203-1 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0385 Japan, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, and Department of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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21
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Kozlovskaya V, Kharlampieva E, Jones K, Lin Z, Tsukruk VV. pH-controlled assembly and properties of LbL membranes from branched conjugated poly(alkoxythiophene sulfonate) and various polycations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:7138-7147. [PMID: 20000796 DOI: 10.1021/la9042099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on multilayer layer-by-layer (LbL) films of the conjugated polymer sodium poly[2-(3-thienyl)ethyloxy-4-butylsulfonate] (PTH) assembled with polycations: poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), 20% quaternized poly(N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide) (Q20), poly(ethylene imine) (PEI), and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). These films were prepared through spin-assisted LbL assembly under various pH conditions. We demonstrated a crucial role of the deposition pH in formation of PTH/polycation films and showed that decrease in the deposition pH from 7.5 to 2.5 limits the PTH multilayer formation to Q20/PTH and PDDA/PTH films due to reduced charge density in the poly(thiophene) chains. We show that optical and surface properties of the resulting PTH/polycation films can be tuned by varying a polycation component and/or by varying the deposition pH. The fluorescence properties of the Q20/PTH, PEI/PTH, and PDDA/PTH films are pH-dependent, and the films exhibit the drastic changes in photoluminescent intensity when transferred into solutions with different pH values, which may find useful in optical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kozlovskaya
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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22
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Fujii N, Fujimoto K, Michinobu T, Akada M, Hill JP, Shiratori S, Ariga K, Shigehara K. The Simplest Layer-by-Layer Assembly Structure: Best Paired Polymer Electrolytes with One Charge per Main Chain Carbon Atom for Multilayered Thin Films. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100473j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Fujii
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kouji Fujimoto
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Global Edge Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Misaho Akada
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) and JST, CREST, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) and JST, CREST, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Seimei Shiratori
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) and JST, CREST, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Shigehara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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23
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Leclerc M, Najari A, Beaupré S. 2008 Macromolecular Science and Engineering Division Award Lecture — Conjugated polymers: From micro-electronics to genomics. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have received a lot of attention, since they combine the best features of metals or semiconductors with those of synthetic polymers. For instance, solar cells based on poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives have revealed power-conversion efficiencies up to 6%. This class of materials could lead to printable and flexible photovoltaic devices. Moreover, water-soluble luminescent polythiophenes have allowed the specific, rapid, and ultra-sensitive detection of unlabelled DNA, RNA, or proteins. This new optical detection mechanism is based on electrostatic interactions between a cationic polythiophene derivative and negatively charged oligonucleotides. This method makes now possible the rapid assessment of the identity of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genes, and pathogens without the need for nucleic acid amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Leclerc
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ahmed Najari
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Serge Beaupré
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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24
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Specific recognition of a nucleobase-functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene) (PEDOT) in aqueous media. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.04.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Mishra A, Ma CQ, Bäuerle P. Functional Oligothiophenes: Molecular Design for Multidimensional Nanoarchitectures and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2009; 109:1141-276. [DOI: 10.1021/cr8004229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1228] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh Mishra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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26
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Li H, Parameswaran M, Nurmawati MH, Xu Q, Valiyaveettil S. Synthesis and Structure−Property Investigation of Polyarenes with Conjugated Side Chains. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801506c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Manoj Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | | | - Qinghua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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27
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Li X, Matthews S, Kohli P. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer in polydiacetylene liposomes. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:13263-72. [PMID: 18816092 DOI: 10.1021/jp804640p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polydiacetylene (PDA) possessing stimuli-responsive properties has been intensively investigated for developing efficient sensors. We report here fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in liposomes synthesized using different molar ratios of dansyl-tagged diacetylene and diacetylene-carboxylic acid monomers. Photopolymerization of diacetylene resulted in cross-linked PDA liposomes. We used steady-state electronic absorption, emission, and fluorescence anisotropy (FA) analysis to characterize the thermal-induced FRET between dansyl fluorophores (donor) and PDA (acceptor). We found that the monomer ratio of acceptor to donor ( R ad) and length of linkers (functional part that connects dansyl fluorophores to the diacetylene group in the monomer) strongly affected FRET. For R ad = 10 000, the acceptor emission intensity was amplified by more than 18 times when the liposome solution was heated from 298 to 338 K. A decrease in R ad resulted in diminished acceptor emission amplification. This was primarily attributed to lower FRET efficiency between donors and acceptors and a higher background signal. We also found that the FRET amplification of PDA emissions after heating the solution was much higher when dansyl was linked to diacetylene through longer and flexible linkers than through shorter linkers. We attributed this to insertion of dansyl in the bilayer of the liposomes, which led to an increased dansyl quantum yield and a higher interaction of multiple acceptors with limited available donors. This was not the case for shorter and more rigid linkers where PDA amplification was much smaller. The present studies aim at enhancing our understanding of FRET between fluorophores and PDA-based conjugated liposomes. Furthermore, receptor tagged onto PDA liposomes can interact with ligands present on proteins, enzymes, and cells, which will produce emission sensing signal. Therefore, using the present approach, there exist opportunities for designing FRET-based highly sensitive and selective chemical and biochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA
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28
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Chemburu S, Ji E, Casana Y, Wu Y, Buranda T, Schanze KS, Lopez GP, Whitten DG. Conjugated polyelectrolyte supported bead based assays for phospholipase A2 activity. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:14492-9. [PMID: 18808092 DOI: 10.1021/jp803358j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence based assay for human serum-derived phospholipase activity has been developed in which cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes are supported on silica microspheres. The polymer-coated beads are overcoated with an anionic phospholipid (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho- rac-(1-glycerol)) (DMPG) to provide "lipobeads" that serve as a sensor for PLA2. The lipid serves a dual role as a substrate for PLA2 and an agent to attenuate quenching of the polymer fluorescence by the external electron transfer quencher 9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid (AQS). In this case quenching of the polymer fluorescence by AQS increases as the PLA2 digests the lipid. The lipid can also be used itself as a quencher and substrate by employing a small amount of energy transfer quencher substituted lipid in the DMPG. In this case the fluorescence of the polymer is quenched when the lipid layer is intact; as the enzyme digests the lipid, the fluorescence of the polymer is restored. The sensing of PLA2 activity has been studied both by monitoring fluorescence changes in a multiwell plate reader and by flow cytometry. The assay exhibits good sensitivity with EC50 values in the nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sireesha Chemburu
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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29
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Lo PK, Sleiman HF. Synthesis and Molecular Recognition of Conjugated Polymer with DNA-Mimetic Properties. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800345t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pik Kwan Lo
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - Hanadi F. Sleiman
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
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30
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Seo YJ, Bhuniya S, Yi JW, Kim BH. A co-assembled probing system using the homoadenine self duplex signal. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Ho HA, Najari A, Leclerc M. Optical detection of DNA and proteins with cationic polythiophenes. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:168-78. [PMID: 18198841 DOI: 10.1021/ar700115t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, intense research has been carried out worldwide with the goal of developing simple, sensitive, and specific detection tools for biomedical applications. Along these lines, we reported in 2002 on cationic polythiophene derivatives able to provide ultrasensitive detection levels and the capability to distinguish perfect matches from oligonucleotides having as little as a single base mismatch. It was shown that the intrinsic fluorescence of the random-coil polymers quenches as a result of the planar, highly conjugated conformation adopted by the polymers when complexed with a single-strand DNA (ssDNA) capture probe but increases again after hybridization with the perfectly matched complementary strand. This change in fluorescence intensity is mainly due to a modification in the delocalization of pi electrons along the carbon chain backbone that occurs when switching between the two conformations. Thus, by monitoring, via the change in fluorescence intensity, the hybridization of the complementary ssDNA target with the "duplex", one could detect as little as 220 complementary target molecules in a 150 microL sample volume (0.36 zmol) in less than 1 hour. Building on this initial concept, we then reported that tagging the DNA probe with a suitable fluorophore dramatically increases the detection sensitivity. This novel molecular system involves the self-assembly of aggregates of duplexes in solution, prior to the introduction of the target, which allows a highly efficient resonance energy transfer (RET) between a "donor" (being the complex formed of the DNA double helix and the polymer chain wrapped around it) and a large number of neighboring "acceptors" (the fluorophores attached to the DNA probes). The massive intrinsic signal amplification (fluorescence chain reaction or FCR) provided by this novel integrated molecular system allows the specific detection of as little as five dsDNA copies in a 3 mL sample volume in only 5 minutes, without the need for prior amplification of the target. Clearly, direct and reliable detection of DNA hybridization without prior PCR amplification or chemical tagging of the genetic target is now possible with this methodology. We have also shown that proteins can be detected following a similar strategy. Impressive results have also been reported by direct and specific staining of targeted proteins. All these features have recently allowed the development of responsive polymeric supports for the detection of DNA and proteins. All these assays that do not require any chemical manipulation of the biological targets or sophisticated experimental procedures should soon lead to major advances in genomics and proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-A. Ho
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - Ahmed Najari
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
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32
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Nelson TL, O'Sullivan C, Greene NT, Maynor MS, Lavigne JJ. Cross-reactive conjugated polymers: analyte-specific aggregative response for structurally similar diamines. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:5640-1. [PMID: 16637623 DOI: 10.1021/ja060589n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A single cross-reactive conjugated polymer (poly(thiophene) 1) generates unique spectral patterns in response to structurally similar diamines. Multivariate statistics are used to deconvolute subtle variations in these spectral responses, allowing for identification and quantification of the analytes with >99% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby L Nelson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 631 Sumter Street, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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33
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Björk P, Peter R Nilsson K, Lenner L, Kågedal B, Persson B, Inganäs O, Jonasson J. Conjugated polythiophene probes target lysosome-related acidic vacuoles in cultured primary cells. Mol Cell Probes 2007; 21:329-37. [PMID: 17553666 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Conformation-sensitive optical probes for studying biological processes and structures are of great interest. The present work shows for the first time that conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) probes can be used for specific targeting of chromatin, nuclear and cytoplasmatic vesicles, and cytoskeletal components in a complex system of cultured cells. One of the probes could also be used for vital staining of live cells. When bound to different entities, the polythiophene derivative probes emitted light with different colors due to the unique spectral properties of these conformation sensitive probes. The physical pre-requisites for binding could also be exploited for characterization of the target. Unexpectedly, lysosome-related acidic vacuoles were targeted in cultured primary cells by both anionic, cationic, and zwitter-ionic polythiophene derivatives. Pre-treatment with Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, caused redistribution of the staining. The targeting of lysosome-related acidic vesicles could not be demonstrated in transformed cells (melanoma, neuroblastoma, and prostate cancer cell lines), indicating a difference in the localization, structure, accessibility, or quantity of the target in cultured normal cells as compared with the malignant cell lines. The chemical nature of the conjugated polyelectrolyte complex in the cytoplasmatic vacuoles remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Björk
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
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34
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Yu M, Tang Y, He F, Wang S, Zheng D, Li Y, Zhu D. Synthesis of Water-Soluble Dendritic Conjugated Polymers for Fluorescent DNA Assays. Macromol Rapid Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200600495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Zhang ZJ, Zheng Z, Qiang LL, Ma Z, Xie SX, Peng B, Huang W, Wei W. Novel Water-Soluble Shape-Regulatable Luminescent Nanoparticles by Non-Covalently Bonded Self-Assembly. Macromol Rapid Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200600262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Ho HA, Béra-Abérem M, Leclerc M. Optical sensors based on hybrid DNA/conjugated polymer complexes. Chemistry 2006; 11:1718-24. [PMID: 15565742 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA) can specifically bind to various targets, including a complementary ss-DNA, ions, proteins, drugs, and so forth. When binding takes place, the oligonucleotide probe often undergoes a conformational transition. This conformational change of the negatively charged ss-DNA can be detected by using a water-soluble, cationic polythiophene derivative, which transduces the complex formation into an optical (colorimetric or fluorometric) signal without any labeling of the probe or the target. This simple and rapid methodology has enabled the specific and sensitive detection of nucleic acids and human thrombin. This new biophotonic tool can easily be applied to the detection of various other biomolecules and is also useful in the high-throughput screening of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Anh Ho
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
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37
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Tuning the thermochromism of water-soluble poly(3-thiopheneacetic acid) conjugated polymer by complexation with zwitterionic polymer. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Asberg P, Nilsson KPR, Inganäs O. Surface energy modified chips for detection of conformational states and enzymatic activity in biomolecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:2205-11. [PMID: 16489808 DOI: 10.1021/la0527902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel patterning method for anchoring biomolecules and noncovalent assembled conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE)/biomolecule complexes to a chip surface is presented. The surface energy of a hydrophilic substrate is modified using an elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp, containing a relief pattern. Modification takes place on the parts where the PDMS stamp is in conformal contact with the substrate and leaves low molecular weight PDMS residues on the surface resulting in a hydrophobic modification, and then biomolecules and CPE/biomolecule complexes are then adsorbed in a specific pattern. The method constitutes a discrimination system for different conformations in biomolecules using CPEs as reporters and the PDMS modified substrates as the discriminator. Detection of different conformations in two biomacromolecules, a synthetic peptide (JR2E) and a protein (calmodulin), reported by the CPE and resolved by fluorescence was demonstrated. Also, excellent enzyme activity in patterned CPE/horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme was shown, demonstrating that this method can be used to pattern biomolecules with their activity retained. The method presented could be useful in various biochip applications, such as analyzing proteins and peptides in large-scale production, in making metabolic chips, and for making multi-microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Asberg
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, IFM, Linköping University, S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
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39
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Asberg P, Björk P, Höök F, Inganäs O. Hydrogels from a water-soluble zwitterionic polythiophene: dynamics under pH change and biomolecular interactions observed using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:7292-8. [PMID: 16042456 DOI: 10.1021/la050479e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The water-soluble zwitterionic polythiophene, poly(3-((S)-5-amino-5-carboxyl-3-oxapentyl)-2,5-thiophene) hydrochloride (POWT), is a conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) with properties well suited for biochip applications. CPEs readily form hydrogels when exposed to water-based buffer solutions or biomolecule solutions. In this work, we used in situ quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring to collect information on the interaction between POWT films exposed to buffers with different pH and POWT/DNA chains. Our data show that POWT swells significantly when exposed to low-pH buffers, such as pH 4 acetate, this is seen as an increase in thickness and decrease in viscosity obtained via a Voight-based modeling of combined f and D QCM-D measurements. The magnitude of thickness and viscosity change upon changing from a pH 10 carbonate buffer to pH 4 acetate is 100% increase in thickness and 50% decrease in viscosity. The response of the hydrogel under pH change is well correlated with fluorescence data from POWT films on glass. The state of the hydrogel is important during interaction with biomolecules; illustrated by the observation that a swollen CPE hydrogel adsorbs a higher amount of DNA than a compacted one. In agreement with previous results, the QCM-D data confirmed that the POWT/DNA hydrogel sense complementary DNA specifically and with negligible binding of noncomplementary DNA. These results are important for efficient constructions of biochips in water environments using this class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Asberg
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, IFM, Linköping University, S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden. petas@ ifm.liu.se
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40
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Qiang LL, Fan QL, Ma Z, Zheng Z, Wang YY, Zhang GW, Huang W. Novel Water-soluble Light-emitting Materials Prepared by Noncovalently Bonded Self-assembly. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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Herland A, Nilsson KPR, Olsson JDM, Hammarström P, Konradsson P, Inganäs O. Synthesis of a regioregular zwitterionic conjugated oligoelectrolyte, usable as an optical probe for detection of amyloid fibril formation at acidic pH. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:2317-23. [PMID: 15713111 DOI: 10.1021/ja045835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes of the optical properties of conjugated polyelectrolytes have been utilized to monitor noncovalent interactions between biomolecules and the conjugated polyelectrolytes in sensor applications. A regioregular, zwitterionic conjugated oligoelectrolyte was synthesized in order to create a probe with a defined set of optical properties and hereby facilitate interpretation of biomolecule-oligoelectrolyte interactions. The synthesized oligoelectrolyte was used at acidic pH as a novel optical probe to detect amyloid fibril formation of bovine insulin and chicken lysozyme. Interaction of the probe with formed amyloid fibrils results in changes of the geometry and the electronic structure of the oligoelectrolyte chains, which were monitored with absorption and emission spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herland
- Department of Physics and Measurement Technology, Linköpings University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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42
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Taranekar P, Baba A, Fulghum TM, Advincula R. Conjugated Polymer Network Films from Precursor Polymers: Electrocopolymerization of a Binary Electroactive Monomer Composition. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050001h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Taranekar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003
| | - Akira Baba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003
| | - Timothy M. Fulghum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003
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43
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Mallavia R, Montilla F, Pastor I, Velásquez P, Arredondo B, Álvarez AL, Mateo CR. Characterization and Side Chain Manipulation in Violet-Blue Poly-[(9,9-dialkylfluoren-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(benzen-1,4-diyl)] Backbones. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0477955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Mallavia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain, and Departamento de Informática, Estadística y Telemática, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid 28933, Spain
| | - F. Montilla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain, and Departamento de Informática, Estadística y Telemática, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid 28933, Spain
| | - I. Pastor
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain, and Departamento de Informática, Estadística y Telemática, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid 28933, Spain
| | - P. Velásquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain, and Departamento de Informática, Estadística y Telemática, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid 28933, Spain
| | - B. Arredondo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain, and Departamento de Informática, Estadística y Telemática, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid 28933, Spain
| | - A. L. Álvarez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain, and Departamento de Informática, Estadística y Telemática, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid 28933, Spain
| | - C. R. Mateo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain, and Departamento de Informática, Estadística y Telemática, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid 28933, Spain
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Hoeben FJM, Jonkheijm P, Meijer EW, Schenning APHJ. About Supramolecular Assemblies of π-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 2005; 105:1491-546. [PMID: 15826018 DOI: 10.1021/cr030070z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2251] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Freek J M Hoeben
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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45
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Björk P, Persson NK, Peter K, Nilsson R, Asberg P, Inganäs O. Dynamics of complex formation between biological and luminescent conjugated polyelectrolytes—a surface plasmon resonance study. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:1764-71. [PMID: 15681192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2004] [Revised: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble polythiophene, POWT, with zwitterionic peptide like side chains possess good characteristics for biosensor applications. The zwitterionic side chains of the polymer can couple to biomolecules via electrostatic and hydrogen bonding. This creates possibilities to imprint biomolecules to spin-coated polymer films with maintained functionality, and use the resulting matrix as a biosensor. Polymer-biomolecular interaction studies done with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reveal a well performing sensor matrix with high affinity for DNA hybridizations as well as for protein detection. The responses are distinct and very specific. A directional dependence of antibodies binding to POWT layer has also been observed. The polymer films have also been characterized by optical methods. Emission and absorption measurements in different buffer systems confirm that the polymer matrix can undergo structural and conformational changes on surfaces. The dielectric function in the interval 300-800 nm of POWT is reported, based on variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. This modeling reveals that a considerable amount of water is included in the material. The polymer layer possesses the characteristics needed for biochip applications and micro array techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Björk
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
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46
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47
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Ewbank PC, Loewe RS, Zhai L, Reddinger J, Sauvé G, McCullough RD. Regioregular poly(thiophene-3-alkanoic acid)s: water soluble conducting polymers suitable for chromatic chemosensing in solution and solid state. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Nilsson KPR, Inganäs O. Optical Emission of a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte: Calcium-Induced Conformational Changes in Calmodulin and Calmodulin−Calcineurin Interactions. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048605t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Peter R. Nilsson
- The Department of Physics and Measurement technology, Biology and Chemistry, Linköpings University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olle Inganäs
- The Department of Physics and Measurement technology, Biology and Chemistry, Linköpings University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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49
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Nilsson KPR, Olsson JDM, Konradsson P, Inganäs O. Enantiomeric Substituents Determine the Chirality of Luminescent Conjugated Polythiophenes. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048859e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Doré K, Dubus S, Ho HA, Lévesque I, Brunette M, Corbeil G, Boissinot M, Boivin G, Bergeron MG, Boudreau D, Leclerc M. Fluorescent Polymeric Transducer for the Rapid, Simple, and Specific Detection of Nucleic Acids at the Zeptomole Level. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:4240-4. [PMID: 15053613 DOI: 10.1021/ja038900d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the specific detection of a few hundred molecules of genetic material using a fluorescent polythiophene biosensor. Such recognition is based on simple electrostatic interactions between a cationic polymeric optical transducer and the negatively charged nucleic acid target and can be done in less than 1 h, simply and affordably, and without any chemical reaction. This simple system is versatile enough to detect nucleic acids of various lengths, including a segment from the RNA genome of the Influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Doré
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Ingénierie des Macromolécules, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
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