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D'haese LCG, Daugey N, Pitrat D, Brotin T, Kapitán J, Liégeois V. Understanding the surrounding effects on Raman optical activity signatures of a chiral cage system: Cryptophane-PP-111. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 306:123484. [PMID: 37898056 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Cryptophane molecules are cage-like structures consisting in two hemispheres, each made of three benzene rings. These hemispheres are bound together with three O(CH2)nOlinkers of various lengths giving rise to a plethora of cryptophane derivatives. Moreover, they are able to encapsulate neutral guests: CH2Cl2, CHCl3, …; and charged species: Cs+, Tl+, …. Finally, they exhibit chiroptical properties thanks to the anti arrangement of the linkers between the hemispheres. This work focuses on the Raman optical activity (ROA) signatures of Cryptophane-111 (n=1 for each linker). More specifically, we aim at simulating accurately its ROA spectra with and without a xenon atom inside its cavity. Experimental data (Buffeteau et al., 2017) have already demonstrated the effect of the encapsulation in the low-wavenumbers region. To generate the initial structures, we rely on the novel Conformer-Rotamer Ensemble Sampling Tool (CREST) program, developed by S. Grimme and co-workers. This is required due to the flexibility provided by the linkers. The CREST algorithm seems promising and has already been used to sample the potential energy surface (PES) of target systems before the simulation of their vibrational spectroscopies (Eikås et al., 2022). We observe large similarities between the two sets of conformers (one with and one without Xe encapsulated), demonstrating the robustness of the CREST algorithm. For corresponding structures, the presence of xenon pushed the two hemispheres slightly further apart. After optimization at the DFT level, only one unique conformer has a Boltzmann population ratio greater than 1%, pointing out the relative rigidity of the cage. Based on this unique conformer, our simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data. Regarding xenon encapsulation, the (experimental and theoretical) ROA signatures at low wavenumbers are impacted: slight shifts in wavenumbers are observed as well as a decrease in relative ROA intensity for bands around 150 cm-1. The wavenumber shifts were very well reproduced by our simulations, but the experimental decrease in the ROA intensity was unfortunately not reproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou C G D'haese
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory (LCT), Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Daugey
- Groupe Spectroscopie Moléculaire (GSM), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR-5255 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Delphine Pitrat
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENSL, UMR-5182 CNRS, University of Lyon, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENSL, UMR-5182 CNRS, University of Lyon, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Josef Kapitán
- Department of Optics, Palacký University of Olomouc, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vincent Liégeois
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory (LCT), Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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Casano G, Poulhès F, Tran TK, Ayhan MM, Karoui H, Siri D, Gaudel-Siri A, Rockenbauer A, Jeschke G, Bardelang D, Tordo P, Ouari O. High binding yet accelerated guest rotation within a cucurbit[7]uril complex. Toward paramagnetic gyroscopes and rolling nanomachines. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:12143-12150. [PMID: 26123621 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03288a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The (15-oxo-3,7,11-triazadispiro[5.1.5.3]hexadec-7-yl)oxidanyl, a bis-spiropiperidinium nitroxide derived from TEMPONE, can be included in cucurbit[7]uril to form a strong (K(a)∼ 2 × 10(5) M(-1)) CB[7]@bPTO complex. EPR and MS spectra, DFT calculations, and unparalleled increased resistance (a factor of ∼10(3)) toward ascorbic acid reduction show evidence of deep inclusion of bPTO inside CB[7]. The unusual shape of the CB[7]@bPTO EPR spectrum can be explained by an anisotropic Brownian rotational diffusion, the global tumbling of the complex being slower than rotation of bPTO around its "long molecular axis" inside CB[7]. The CB[7] (stator) with the encapsulated bPTO (rotator) behaves as a supramolecular paramagnetic rotor with increased rotational speed of the rotator that has great potential for advanced nanoscale machines requiring wheels such as cucurbiturils with virtually no friction between the wheel and the axle for optimum wheel rotation (i.e. nanopulleys and nanocars).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Casano
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France.
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Khan NS, Perez-Aguilar JM, Kaufmann T, Hill PA, Taratula O, Lee OS, Carroll PJ, Saven JG, Dmochowski IJ. Multiple hindered rotators in a gyroscope-inspired tribenzylamine hemicryptophane. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1418-24. [PMID: 21271707 PMCID: PMC3045655 DOI: 10.1021/jo102480s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A gyroscope-inspired tribenzylamine hemicryptophane provides a vehicle for exploring the structure and properties of multiple p-phenylene rotators within one molecule. The hemicryptophane was synthesized in three steps in good overall yield using mild conditions. Three rotator-forming linkers were cyclized to form a rigid cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) stator framework, which was then closed with an amine. The gyroscope-like molecule was characterized by (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and the structure was solved by X-ray crystallography. The rigidity of the two-component CTV-trismethylamine stator was investigated by (1)H variable-temperature (VT) NMR experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. These techniques identified gyration of the three p-phenylene rotators on the millisecond time scale at -93 °C, with more dynamic but still hindered motion at room temperature (27 °C). The activation energy for the p-phenylene rotation was determined to be ~10 kcal mol(-1). Due to the propeller arrangement of the p-phenylenes, their rotation is hindered but not strongly correlated. The compact size, simple synthetic route, and molecular motions of this gyroscope-inspired tribenzylamine hemicryptophane make it an attractive starting point for controlling the direction and coupling of rotators within molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tara Kaufmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104
| | - P. Aru Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104
| | - Olena Taratula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104
| | - One-Sun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104
| | - Jeffery G. Saven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104
| | - Ivan J. Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
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Chaffee KE, Marjanska M, Goodson BM. NMR studies of chloroform@cryptophane-A and chloroform@bis-cryptophane inclusion complexes oriented in thermotropic liquid crystals. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2006; 29:104-12. [PMID: 16213691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Oriented inclusion complexes of chloroform@cryptophane-A and chloroform@bis-cryptophane were prepared using a nematic thermotropic liquid crystal (ZLI 1132), and the alignment and magnetic resonance properties of these host-guest systems were studied via (13)C NMR of the labeled guests. Large (1)H-(13)C dipolar splittings for (13)CHCl(3) guests indicated significantly enhanced (approximately 2-fold) ordering for the trapped vs. free ligands under all conditions studied, with similar ordering observed for the two complexes-despite significant differences in size and motional freedom between the hosts. For each environment, variable-temperature studies permitted the sign and magnitude of the order parameter for chloroform's C-H bond to be independently determined from the (13)C chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) shifts (via the gradient method) and the restored (1)H-(13)C dipolar couplings. In both systems, the results are consistent with overall alignment of the complexes such that the cage principal axis lies roughly perpendicular to the LC director.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Chaffee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 113 Neckers Hall, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Henchman RH, Kilburn JD, Turner DL, Essex JW. Conformational and Enantioselectivity in Host−Guest Chemistry: The Selective Binding of Cis Amides Examined by Free Energy Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp046520o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy D. Kilburn
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - David L. Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Jonathan W. Essex
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
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Huber JG, Dubois L, Desvaux H, Dutasta JP, Brotin T, Berthault P. NMR Study of Optically Active Monosubstituted Cryptophanes and Their Interaction with Xenon. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0472055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Gaspard Huber
- DSM/DRECAM, Service de Chimie Moléculaire, URA CEA/CNRS 331 Claude Fréjacques, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Stéréochimie et Interactions Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5532, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Lionel Dubois
- DSM/DRECAM, Service de Chimie Moléculaire, URA CEA/CNRS 331 Claude Fréjacques, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Stéréochimie et Interactions Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5532, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Hervé Desvaux
- DSM/DRECAM, Service de Chimie Moléculaire, URA CEA/CNRS 331 Claude Fréjacques, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Stéréochimie et Interactions Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5532, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- DSM/DRECAM, Service de Chimie Moléculaire, URA CEA/CNRS 331 Claude Fréjacques, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Stéréochimie et Interactions Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5532, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- DSM/DRECAM, Service de Chimie Moléculaire, URA CEA/CNRS 331 Claude Fréjacques, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Stéréochimie et Interactions Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5532, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Patrick Berthault
- DSM/DRECAM, Service de Chimie Moléculaire, URA CEA/CNRS 331 Claude Fréjacques, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Stéréochimie et Interactions Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5532, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon 07, France
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Tošner Z, Petrov O, Dvinskikh SV, Kowalewski J, Sandström D. A 13C solid-state NMR study of cryptophane-E:chloromethane inclusion complexes. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Garcia C, Humilière D, Riva N, Collet A, Dutasta JP. Kinetic and thermodynamic consequences of the substitution of SMe for OMe substituents of cryptophane hosts on the binding of neutral and cationic guests. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:2207-16. [PMID: 12945915 DOI: 10.1039/b211363e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the origin of the high selectivity of cryptophane-E (1) towards Me3NH+, Me4N+, and CHCl3, and particularly to discriminate the different contributions that stabilize the supramolecular complexes, we have synthesized the new cryptophane 2 bearing six MeS groups instead of MeO groups in 1. This led to a decrease of the negative charge density in the equatorial region of 2 without affecting notably the size of the molecular cavity. The binding properties of 1 and 2 towards the three guests were examined in solution and showed a slight decrease of the deltaGa favoring the complexes of 1, accompanied by a significant modification of the deltaHa vs. deltaSa balance. The binding of the ammonium guests to 1 and 2 was strongly entropy driven, while that of CHCl3 was purely enthalpy driven. A combination of spectroscopic and computational techniques was used to assign the main intermolecular interactions that occurred during the inclusion process. The neutral CHCl3 molecule is more stabilized in the less negatively charged CTV cap of 1. The different behavior towards the ammonium cations can be explained in term of interactions with the electronegative heteroatoms and cation-pi interactions. Moreover, this study revealed a considerable slowing down of the guest exchange kinetics with host 2, for which the association and dissociation rates are reduced by a factor 10(3) to 10(4) with respect to 1. For example, at room temperature, the Me4N+@2 complex exhibits a half-life of ca. 2 years, instead of a few hours for the corresponding complex of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Garcia
- Stéréochimie et Interactions Moléculaires, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR CNRS No 5532, 46 Alleé d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France
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10
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Chen J. Molecular Recognition in Terms of a Dimensionless Index. 1. A Theoretical Model of the Orientation-Based Fit and Its Applicability to Ligand−Macromolecule Systems. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026570y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
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Lacour J, Vial L, Herse C. Efficient NMR enantiodifferentiation of chiral quats with BINPHAT anion. Org Lett 2002; 4:1351-4. [PMID: 11950360 DOI: 10.1021/ol025669k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hexacoordinated phosphorus BINPHAT anion is an efficient NMR chiral shift agent for quaternary ammonium cations (quats) leading to large separations (DeltaDeltadelta up to 0.29 ppm) of the proton signals of the enantiomers. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Lacour
- Département de Chimie Organique, Université de Genève, quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
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Zhong Z, Ikeda A, Shinkai S, Sakamoto S, Yamaguchi K. Creation of novel chiral cryptophanes by a self-assembling method utilizing a pyridyl-Pd(II) interaction. Org Lett 2001; 3:1085-7. [PMID: 11277801 DOI: 10.1021/ol0157205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text]. This Letter demonstrates the molecular design of novel self-assembled chiral cryptophanes. Mediated by square-planar Pd(II) complexes, racemic pyridyl cyclotriveratrylene derivative rac-2 self-assembles into mixtures of racemic chiral cryptophanes and meso cryptophanes (1), which interconvert with each other, and the rates are remarkably enhanced by the addition of a slight excess of rac-2. On the other hand, optically resolved P-2 or M-2 self-assembles into the chiral cryptophane as the only product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Brotin T, Lesage A, Emsley L, Collet A. 129Xe NMR Spectroscopy of Deuterium-Labeled Cryptophane-A Xenon Complexes: Investigation of Host−Guest Complexation Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja993053t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Brotin
- Contribution from the École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Stéréochimie et Interactions Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5532, 46, Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Contribution from the École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Stéréochimie et Interactions Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5532, 46, Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Contribution from the École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Stéréochimie et Interactions Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5532, 46, Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - André Collet
- Contribution from the École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Stéréochimie et Interactions Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5532, 46, Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Potter MJ, Kirchhoff PD, Carlson HA, McCammon JA. Molecular dynamics of cryptophane and its complexes with tetramethylammonium and neopentane using a continuum solvent model. J Comput Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-987x(19990715)20:9<956::aid-jcc7>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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