1
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Li M, Liu C, Hong C. Synthesis of multicyclic polymers by intramolecular cyclization via a “tail-biting” strategy and their characterization. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Lidster BJ, Hirata S, Matsuda S, Yamamoto T, Komanduri V, Kumar DR, Tezuka Y, Vacha M, Turner ML. Macrocyclic poly( p-phenylenevinylene)s by ring expansion metathesis polymerisation and their characterisation by single-molecule spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2934-2941. [PMID: 29732077 PMCID: PMC5915795 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03945j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring expansion metathesis polymerisation (REMP) has proven to be a viable approach to prepare high purity macrocyclic phenylenevinylene polymers.
Ring expansion metathesis polymerisation (REMP) has proven to be a viable approach to prepare high purity cyclic polymers. Macrocyclic polymers with a fully conjugated defect free backbone are of particular interest as these polymers have no end groups that can act as charge traps. In this work soluble macrocyclic poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s (cPPVs) have been prepared directly via the REMP of substituted paracyclophanedienes. Single-molecule spectroscopy of the two topological forms of PPV i.e., linear (lPPV) and cyclic (cPPV) revealed that lPPV exists in an extended conformation whereas the cPPV adopts a restricted ring-like conformation. Despite such large differences in the chain conformation, the spectral properties of the two compounds are unexpectedly very similar, and are dominated by torsional deformations in relatively short conjugated segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin John Lidster
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Shuzo Hirata
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan .
| | - Shoki Matsuda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan .
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 060-8628 , Japan
| | - Venukrishnan Komanduri
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Dharam Raj Kumar
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Yasuyuki Tezuka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan .
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan .
| | - Michael L Turner
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
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3
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Sturala J, Etherington MK, Bismillah AN, Higginbotham HF, Trewby W, Aguilar JA, Bromley EHC, Avestro AJ, Monkman AP, McGonigal PR. Excited-State Aromatic Interactions in the Aggregation-Induced Emission of Molecular Rotors. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17882-17889. [PMID: 29151342 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small, apolar aromatic groups, such as phenyl rings, are commonly included in the structures of fluorophores to impart hindered intramolecular rotations, leading to desirable solid-state luminescence properties. However, they are not normally considered to take part in through-space interactions that influence the fluorescent output. Here, we report on the photoluminescence properties of a series of phenyl-ring molecular rotors bearing three, five, six, and seven phenyl groups. The fluorescent emissions from two of the rotors are found to originate, not from the localized excited state as one might expect, but from unanticipated through-space aromatic-dimer states. We demonstrate that these relaxed dimer states can form as a result of intra- or intermolecular interactions across a range of environments in solution and solid samples, including conditions that promote aggregation-induced emission. Computational modeling also suggests that the formation of aromatic-dimer excited states may account for the photophysical properties of a previously reported luminogen. These results imply, therefore, that this is a general phenomenon that should be taken into account when designing and interpreting the fluorescent outputs of luminescent probes and optoelectronic devices based on fluorescent molecular rotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Sturala
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Marc K Etherington
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Aisha N Bismillah
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Heather F Higginbotham
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - William Trewby
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Juan A Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth H C Bromley
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Alyssa-Jennifer Avestro
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Monkman
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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4
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Arce MM, Pan CW, Thursby MM, Wu JP, Carnicom EM, Tillman ES. Influence of Solvent on Radical Trap-Assisted Dimerization and Cyclization of Polystyrene Radicals. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya M. Arce
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
| | - Ching W. Pan
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
| | - Madalyn M. Thursby
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
| | - Jessica P. Wu
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Carnicom
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
| | - Eric S. Tillman
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
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5
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von Kugelgen S, Bellone DE, Cloke RR, Perkins WS, Fischer FR. Initiator Control of Conjugated Polymer Topology in Ring-Opening Alkyne Metathesis Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6234-9. [PMID: 27120088 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum carbyne complexes [RC≡Mo(OC(CH3)(CF3)2)3] featuring a mesityl (R = Mes) or an ethyl (R = Et) substituent initiate the living ring-opening alkyne metathesis polymerization of the strained cyclic alkyne, 5,6,11,12-tetradehydrobenzo[a,e][8]annulene, to yield fully conjugated poly(o-phenylene ethynylene). The difference in the steric demand of the polymer end-group (Mes vs Et) transferred during the initiation step determines the topology of the resulting polymer chain. While [MesC≡Mo(OC(CH3)(CF3)2)3] exclusively yields linear poly(o-phenylene ethynylene), polymerization initiated by [EtC≡Mo(OC(CH3)(CF3)2)3] results in cyclic polymers ranging in size from n = 5 to 20 monomer units. Kinetic studies reveal that the propagating species emerging from [EtC≡Mo(OC(CH3)(CF3)2)3] undergoes a highly selective intramolecular backbiting into the butynyl end-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen von Kugelgen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Donatela E Bellone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan R Cloke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wade S Perkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix R Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Wang D, Xiao L, Zhang X, Zhang K, Wang Y. Emulsion Templating Cyclic Polymers as Microscopic Particles with Tunable Porous Morphology. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1460-1467. [PMID: 26799826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic polymers are a particular class of macromolecules without terminal groups. Most studies has involved their physical properties and polymer composition, while attention has rarely been paid to their emulsification in an oil-water system. Herein we synthesized a cyclic polymer with polystyrene side chains via ring-expansion metathesis polymerization and click-chemistry. This cyclic polymer was compared with linear polystyrene in order to investigate the effect of cyclic topology on preparing porous particles by emulsion templating methods. The contribution of cyclic topology to emulsification originates from the formation of hollow microspheres with the use of cyclic polymer while linear polymer only afforded solid microspheres. With addition of hexadecane as soft template, both cyclic polymer and linear polymer emulsions were successfully converted into porous particles. Superior to linear polymer, cyclic polymer enables the stabilization of emulsion droplets and the tuning of porous morphology. It is revealed that cyclic polymer with nanoring shape tends to assemble at the interfacial area, leading to the Pickering effect that decelerates the macrophase separation. Furthermore, the unique porous feature of polymer particles affords a convenient application for the detection of trace explosive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China , Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Lifen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China , Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China , Beijing, 100872, China
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7
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Li M, Fan W, Hong C, Pan C. Synthesis and Characterization of Coumarin-Containing Cyclic Polymer and Its Photoinduced Coupling/Dissociation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:2192-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Wei Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Chunyan Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Caiyuan Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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8
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Wu J, Qu TG, Gao LF, Yang XM, Li XH, Tu YF, Zhu XL. Special odd-even effect of degree of oligomerization on properties of cyclic oligoesters. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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10
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Wang X, Li L, Ye X, Wu C. Comparative Study of Solution Properties of Amphiphilic 8-Shaped Cyclic-(Polystyrene-b-Poly(acrylic acid))2 and Its Linear Precursor. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department
of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department
of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaodong Ye
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department
of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chi Wu
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department
of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N. T., Hong Kong
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11
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12
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Young EWK, Berthier E, Beebe DJ. Assessment of enhanced autofluorescence and impact on cell microscopy for microfabricated thermoplastic devices. Anal Chem 2012; 85:44-9. [PMID: 23249264 DOI: 10.1021/ac3034773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thermoplastics such as polystyrene (PS) and cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) have become common materials for fabrication of microfluidic cell-based systems because of a number of attractive properties. However, thermoplastics are also known to exhibit autofluorescence levels that may hinder their utility for cell-based and imaging applications. Here, we identify and characterize a phenomenon causing an increase in the autofluorescence of polystyrene after thermal treatment. This effect is of particular importance for plastic microfluidic device fabrication because the ranges of pressures and temperatures causing this effect match the same range as those used for polystyrene bonding. Further, we find that the enhanced autofluorescence has significant impact on the image quality, accuracy, and ability to identify and quantify fluorescently labeled cells. We tested two alternative strategies, solvent bonding of PS or thermal bonding of COP, to alleviate the adverse effects of heterogeneous and enhanced autofluorescence on cell image analysis, and demonstrate that both strategies are viable options to thermal bonding of PS for specific applications where cellular imaging is of primary interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond W K Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53705, United States
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13
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Zhang H, Zhou N, Zhu X, Chen X, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhu J, Hu Z, Zhu X. Cyclic
Side-Chain Phenylazo Naphthalene Polymers: Enhanced Fluorescence Emission and Surface Relief Grating Formation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1845-51. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Voter AF, Tillman ES, Findeis PM, Radzinski SC. Synthesis of Macrocyclic Polymers Formed via Intramolecular Radical Trap-Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Coupling. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:1066-1070. [PMID: 35607039 DOI: 10.1021/mz300311p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of cyclic polystyrene (PSt) with an alkoxyamine functionality has been accomplished by intramolecular radical coupling in the presence of a nitroso radical trap. Linear α,ω-dibrominated polystyrene, produced by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene using a dibrominated initiator, was subjected to chain-end activation via the atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC) process under pseudodilute conditions in the presence of 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (MNP). This radical trap-assisted, intramolecular ATRC (RTA-ATRC) produced cyclic polymers in greater than 90% yields, possessing ⟨G⟩ values in the 0.8-0.9 range as determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermal-induced opening of the cycles, made possible by the incorporated alkoxyamine, resulted in a return to the original apparent molecular weight, further supporting the formation of cyclic polymers in the RTA-ATRC reaction. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) provided direct confirmation of the cyclic architecture and the incorporation of the nitroso group into the macrocycle. RTA-ATRC cyclizations carried out with faster rates of polymer addition into the redox active solution and/or in the presence of a much larger excess of MNP (up to a 250:1 ratio of MNP:C-Br chain end) still yielded cyclic polymers that contained alkoxyamine functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F. Voter
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Eric S. Tillman
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Peter M. Findeis
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Scott C. Radzinski
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhu X, Zhou N, Chen X, Zhang W, Yang Y, Zhu X. Cyclic Main-Chain Phenylazo Naphthalene Polymers: Topological Effect on Fluorescence Emission and Photoinduced Surface Relief Grating Formation. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2217-21. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Hossain MD, Valade D, Jia Z, Monteiro MJ. Cyclic polystyrene topologies via RAFT and CuAAC. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20505j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Zhu X, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Sun B, Yang Y, Zhu J, Zhu X. Cyclic Polymers with Pendent Carbazole Units: Enhanced Fluorescence and Redox Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Zhu X, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Sun B, Yang Y, Zhu J, Zhu X. Cyclic Polymers with Pendent Carbazole Units: Enhanced Fluorescence and Redox Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:6615-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Shi GY, Sun JT, Pan CY. Well-Defined Miktocycle Eight-Shaped Copolymers Composed of Polystyrene and Poly(ε-caprolactone): Synthesis and Characterization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Voter AF, Tillman ES. An Easy and Efficient Route to Macrocyclic Polymers Via Intramolecular Radical−Radical Coupling of Chain Ends. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102319r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F. Voter
- Bucknell University, Department of Chemistry, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Eric S. Tillman
- Bucknell University, Department of Chemistry, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
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21
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Kisanuki A, Kimpara Y, Oikado Y, Kado N, Matsumoto MITSUAKI, Endo K. Ring-opening polymerization of lipoic acid and characterization of the polymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Laine RM, Sulaiman S, Brick C, Roll M, Tamaki R, Asuncion MZ, Neurock M, Filhol JS, Lee CY, Zhang J, Goodson T, Ronchi M, Pizzotti M, Rand SC, Li Y. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Stilbeneoctasilsesquioxanes. Emission Behavior Coupled with Theoretical Modeling Studies Suggest a 3-D Excited State Involving the Silica Core. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:3708-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9087709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Laine
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - S. Sulaiman
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - C. Brick
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Roll
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - R. Tamaki
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Z. Asuncion
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Neurock
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - J.-S. Filhol
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - C.-Y. Lee
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - J. Zhang
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - T. Goodson
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Ronchi
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Pizzotti
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - S. C. Rand
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Y. Li
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
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24
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Li LY, He WD, Li J, Han SC, Sun XL, Zhang BY. Synthesis of twin-tail tadpole-shaped hydrophilic copolymers and their thermo-responsive behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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26
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Peng Y, Liu H, Zhang X, Liu S, Li Y. Macrocycle-Terminated Core-Cross-Linked Star Polymers: Synthesis and Characterization. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901041x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hewen Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun, P. R. China
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27
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Xia Y, Boydston AJ, Yao Y, Kornfield JA, Gorodetskaya IA, Spiess HW, Grubbs RH. Ring-expansion metathesis polymerization: catalyst-dependent polymerization profiles. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2670-7. [PMID: 19199611 PMCID: PMC2658644 DOI: 10.1021/ja808296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) mediated by recently developed cyclic Ru catalysts has been studied in detail with a focus on the polymer products obtained under varied reaction conditions and catalyst architectures. Depending upon the nature of the catalyst structure, two distinct molecular weight evolutions were observed. Polymerization conducted with catalysts bearing six-carbon tethers displayed rapid polymer molecular weight growth which reached a maximum value at ca. 70% monomer conversion, resembling a chain-growth polymerization mechanism. In contrast, five-carbon-tethered catalysts led to molecular weight growth that resembled a step-growth mechanism with a steep increase occurring only after 95% monomer conversion. The underlying reason for these mechanistic differences appeared to be ready release of five-carbon-tethered catalysts from growing polymer rings, which competed significantly with propagation. Owing to reversible chain transfer and the lack of end groups in REMP, the final molecular weights of cyclic polymers was controlled by thermodynamic equilibria. Large ring sizes in the range of 60-120 kDa were observed at equilibrium for polycyclooctene and polycyclododecatriene, which were found to be independent of catalyst structure and initial monomer/catalyst ratio. While six-carbon-tethered catalysts were slowly incorporated into the formed cyclic polymer, the incorporation of five-carbon-tethered catalysts was minimal, as revealed by ICP-MS. Further polymer analysis was conducted using melt-state magic-angle spinning (13)C NMR spectroscopy of both linear and cyclic polymers, which revealed little or no chain ends for the latter topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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28
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Laurent BA, Grayson SM. Synthetic approaches for the preparation of cyclic polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:2202-13. [DOI: 10.1039/b809916m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Shi GY, Pan CY. Synthesis of Well-Defined Figure-of-Eight-Shaped Polymers by a Combination of ATRP and Click Chemistry. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Fomina N, Hogen-Esch TE. Synthesis and Characterization of Macrocyclic Poly(fluorene-3,6-diyl). Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800635w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Fomina
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | - Thieo E. Hogen-Esch
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
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31
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Kawaguchi D, Nishu T, Takano A, Matsushita Y. Direct Observation of an Isolated Cyclic Sodium Poly(styrenesulfonate) Molecule by Atomic Force Microscopy. Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2006155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Abad S, Vayá I, Jiménez MC, Pischel U, Miranda MA. Diastereodifferentiation of Novel Naphthalene Dyads by Fluorescence Quenching and Excimer Formation. Chemphyschem 2006; 7:2175-83. [PMID: 16986198 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Four new bichromophoric naphthalene dyads in form of diastereomeric pairs are synthesized and photophysically characterized. For a closely related group of compounds (NAP-NAP, MNAP-NAP, MNAP-MNAP), systematic variation of the urea linker led to the observation of intramolecular fluorescence quenching for tertiary urea, but not for secondary urea. Chiral information contained in the dyads has an impact on the efficiency of this process. Furthermore, for the case of (R,R)-MNAP-MNAP, excimer formation in the pre-organized dyad was noted, while being absent in the corresponding (R,S) diastereomer. These differences in photophysical behavior are ascribed to the geometry of the linker and to the chiral information contained in the diastereomeric compounds. Other dyads, such as NPX-NPX, included naproxen as the chromophore. For these compounds strong excimer emission is obtained, however, only very small diastereodifferentiation is observed for the two investigated stereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Abad
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC/Departamento de Química Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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33
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Hogen-Esch TE. Synthesis and characterization of macrocyclic vinyl aromatic polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Wang BB, Zhang X, Jia XR, Luo YF, Sun Z, Yang L, Ji Y, Wei Y. Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with phenyl shells: fluorescence and aggregation behavior. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Chen R, Nossarev GG, Hogen-Esch TE. Synthesis and thermal and spectroscopic properties of macrocyclic vinyl aromatic polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Chen R, Johnson JM, Bradforth SE, Hogen-Esch TE. Ultraviolet Absorption and Fluorescence Emission Spectroscopic Studies of Macrocyclic and Linear Poly(9,9-dimethyl-2-vinylfluorene). Evidence for Ground-State Chromophore Interactions. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma030400h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Locker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Jerainne M. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Locker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Locker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Thieo E. Hogen-Esch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Locker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089
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37
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He T, Zheng GH, Pan CY. Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Block Copolymers by Monomer Insertion into Cyclic Initiator by a Radical Mechanism. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma021371y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China 230026
| | - Gen-Hua Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China 230026
| | - Cai-yuan Pan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China 230026
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38
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Gan Y, Dong D, Hogen-Esch TE. Synthesis and Characterization of a Catenated Polystyrene−Poly(2-vinylpyridine) Block Copolymer. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Gan
- Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | - Dahai Dong
- Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | - Thieo E. Hogen-Esch
- Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
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39
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Alberty KA, Tillman E, Carlotti S, King K, Bradforth SE, Hogen-Esch TE, Parker D, Feast WJ. Characterization and Fluorescence of Macrocyclic Polystyrene by Anionic End to End Coupling. Role of Coupling Reagents. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011779f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Tillman ES, Hogen-Esch TE. Mechanism of coupling reactions of polystyryllithium with dihalomethanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Nossarev GG, Hogen-Esch TE. Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Macrocyclic Poly(2-vinylnaphthalene) Containing Single 1,4-Benzylidene or 9,10-Anthracenylidene Groups. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gennadi G. Nossarev
- Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | - Thieo E. Hogen-Esch
- Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
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42
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Nossarev GG, Hogen-Esch TE. Potassium Ion Mediated Living and Controlled Anionic Polymerization of 2-Vinylnaphthalene (2VN). Synthesis of P2VN-b-poly(α-methylstyrene) and P2VN-b-poly(9,9-dimethyl-2-vinylfluorene) Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010621s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gennadi G. Nossarev
- Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | - Thieo E. Hogen-Esch
- Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
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