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Neisius NA, MacHale LT, Snyder ER, Finke RG, Prieto AL. Copper Selenophosphate, Cu 3PSe 4, Nanoparticle Synthesis: Octadecane Is the Key to a Simplified, Atom-Economical Reaction. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11430-11437. [PMID: 38085913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle syntheses are designed to produce the desired product in high yield but traditionally neglect atom-economy. Here we report that the simple, but significant, change of the solvent from 1-octadecene (1-ODE) to the operationally inert octadecane (ODA) permits an atom-economical synthesis of copper selenophosphate (Cu3PSe4) nanoparticles. This change eliminates the competing selenium (Se) delivery pathways from our first report that required an excess of Se. Instead Se0powder is dispersed in ODA, which promotes a formal eight-electron transfer between Cu3-xP and Se0. Powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirm the purity of the Cu3PSe4, while 1H and 13C NMR indicate the absence of oxidized ODA or Se species. We utilize the direct pathway to gain insights into stoichiometry and ligand identity using thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Given the prevalence of 1-ODE in nanoparticle synthesis, this approach could be applied to other chalcogenide reaction pathways to improve stoichiometry and atom-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Neisius
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Luke T MacHale
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Erin R Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Richard G Finke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Amy L Prieto
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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2
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Hayton TW, Shafaat HS. Periodic TableTalks: An Oasis of Science within a Conference Desert. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5965-5971. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Hannah S. Shafaat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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3
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O’Neill SW, Krauss TD. Synthetic Mechanisms in the Formation of SnTe Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6251-6260. [PMID: 35348326 PMCID: PMC9011400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Infrared active colloidal
semiconducting nanocrystals (NCs) are
important for applications including photodetectors and photovoltaics.
While much research has been conducted on nanocrystalline materials
such as the Pb and Hg chalcogenides, less toxic alternatives such
as SnTe have been far less explored. Previous synthetic work on SnTe
NCs have characterized photophysical properties of the nanoparticles.
This study focuses on understanding the fundamental chemical mechanisms
involved in SnTe NC formation, with the aim to improve synthetic outcomes.
The solvent oleylamine, common to all SnTe syntheses, is found to
form a highly reactive, heteroleptic Sn-oleylamine precursor that
is the primary molecular Sn species initiating NC formation and growth.
Further, the capping ligand oleic acid (OA) reacts with this amine
to produce tin oxide (SnOx), facilitating
the formation of an NC SnOx shell. Therefore,
the use of OA during synthesis is counterproductive to the formation
of stoichiometric SnTe nanoparticles. The knowledge of chemical reaction
mechanisms creates a foundation for the production of high-quality,
unoxidized, and stoichiometric SnTe NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W. O’Neill
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, 4011 Wegmans Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Todd D. Krauss
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, 4011 Wegmans Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 404 Hutchison Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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4
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Medina-Gonzalez AM, Yox P, Chen Y, Adamson MAS, Svay M, Smith EA, Schaller RD, Rossini AJ, Vela J. Ternary ACd 4P 3 (A = Na, K) Nanostructures via a Hydride Solution-Phase Route. ACS MATERIALS AU 2021; 1:130-139. [PMID: 36855397 PMCID: PMC9888649 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.1c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Complex pnictides such as I-II4-V3 compounds (I = alkali metal; II = divalent transition metal; V = pnictide element) display rich structural chemistry and interesting optoelectronic properties, but can be challenging to synthesize using traditional high-temperature solid-state synthesis. Soft chemistry methods can offer control over particle size, morphology, and properties. However, the synthesis of multinary pnictides from solution remains underdeveloped. Here, we report the colloidal hot-injection synthesis of ACd4P3 (A = Na, K) nanostructures from their alkali metal hydrides (AH). Control studies indicate that NaCd4P3 forms from monometallic Cd0 seeds and not from binary Cd3P2 nanocrystals. IR and ssNMR spectroscopy reveal tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and related ligands are coordinated to the ternary surface. Computational studies show that competing phases with space group symmetries R3̅m and Cm differ by only 30 meV/formula unit, indicating that synthetic access to either of these polymorphs is possible. Our synthesis unlocks a new family of nanoscale multinary pnictide materials that could find use in optoelectronic and energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Yox
- Department
of Chemistry Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Department
of Chemistry Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States,Ames
Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | | | - Maranny Svay
- Department
of Chemistry Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Emily A. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States,Ames
Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Richard D. Schaller
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States,Center
for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United
States
| | - Aaron J. Rossini
- Department
of Chemistry Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States,Ames
Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Javier Vela
- Department
of Chemistry Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States,Ames
Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States,
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5
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Miller RC, Geiss RH, Prieto AL. Olivine Crystal Structure-Directed Twinning in Iron Germanium Sulfide (Fe 2GeS 4) Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11981-11991. [PMID: 34157224 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the microstructure of complex crystal structures is critical for controlling material properties in next-generation devices. Synthetic reports of twinning in bulk and nanostructured crystals with detailed crystallographic characterization are integral for advancing systematic studies of twinning phenomena. Herein, we report a synthetic route to controllably twinned olivine nanoparticles. Microstructural characterization of Fe2GeS4 nanoparticles via electron microscopy (imaging, diffraction, and crystallographic analysis) demonstrates the formation of triplets of twins, or trillings. We establish synthetic control over the particle crystallinity and crystal growth. We describe the geometrical basis for twin formation, hexagonal pseudosymmetry of the orthorhombic lattice, and rank all of the reported olivine compounds according to this favorability to form twins. The work in this study highlights an area ripe for future exploration with respect to the advancement of solution-phase synthetic approaches that can control microstructure in compositionally complex, technologically relevant structures. Finally, we discuss the potential implications for olivine properties and performance in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Roy H Geiss
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Amy L Prieto
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Abstract
Despite the technological importance of colloidal covalent III-V nanocrystals with unique optoelectronic properties, their synthetic process still has challenges originating from the complex energy landscape of the reaction. Here, we present InP tetrapod nanocrystals as a crystalline late intermediate in the synthetic pathway that warrants controlled growth. We isolate tetrapod intermediate species with well-defined surfaces of (110) and ([Formula: see text]) via the suppression of further growth. An additional precursor supply at low temperature induces [Formula: see text]-specific growth, whereas the [110]-directional growth occurs over the activation barrier of 65.7 kJ/mol at a higher temperature, thus finalizes into the (111)-faceted tetrahedron nanocrystals. We address the use of late intermediates with well-defined facets at the sub-10 nm scale for the tailored growth of covalent III-V nanocrystals and highlight the potential for the directed approach of nanocrystal synthesis.
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Fang Z, Deng Z, Liu A, Zhang X, Lv L, Pan B. Enhanced removal of arsenic from water by using sub-10 nm hydrated zirconium oxides confined inside gel-type anion exchanger. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125505. [PMID: 33689995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Given high selectivity and excellent stability, zirconium oxides are very promising in selective removal of arsenic, fluorine, and phosphorus from water. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to prepare sub-10 nm zirconium oxides of ultra-high adsorptive reactivity. Herein, we prepared hydrated zirconium oxides (HZO) of 4.88 ± 1.02 nm by conducting in-situ precipitation of nanoparticles (NPs) inside the gel-type anion exchanger (GAE). GAE was swollen in water and contained lots of < 10 nm swollen pores, restricting excess growth of HZO NPs. In comparison, the NPs formed inside the macroporous anion exchanger (MAE) possessed an average diameter of 30.91 ± 8.98 nm. XPS O1s analysis indicated that the oxygen sites in the gel-type nanocomposite (HZO@GAE) possessed a much higher proportion (48.9%) of reactive terminal oxygen (-OH) than the macroporous nanocomposite (HZO@MAE, 21.2%). Thus, HZO@GAE exhibited significantly enhanced adsorption reactivity toward As(V)/As(III) than HZO@MAE. The exhausted HZO@GAE could be fully regenerated by alkali treatment for repeated use without any loss in decontamination efficiency. In column assays, the HZO@GAE column successively produced ~2400 bed volume (BV) clean water ([As]<10 μg/L) from synthetic groundwater, exceeding twice the amount produced by the HZO@MAE column. This study may shed new light on developing highly efficient nanocomposites for water decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziniu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Airong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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