1
|
Shen Z, Luo K, Park SJ, Li D, Mahanthappa MK, Bates FS, Dorfman KD, Lodge TP, Siepmann JI. Stabilizing a Double Gyroid Network Phase with 2 nm Feature Size by Blending of Lamellar and Cylindrical Forming Block Oligomers. JACS AU 2022; 2:1405-1416. [PMID: 35783180 PMCID: PMC9241014 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study binary blends of an AB-type diblock and an AB2-type miktoarm triblock amphiphiles (also known as high-χ block oligomers) consisting of sugar-based (A) and hydrocarbon (B) blocks. In their pure form, the AB diblock and AB2 triblock amphiphiles self-assemble into ordered lamellar (LAM) and cylindrical (CYL) structures, respectively. At intermediate compositions, however, the AB2-rich blend (0.2 ≤ x AB ≤ 0.4) forms a double gyroid (DG) network, whereas perforated lamellae (PL) are observed in the AB-rich blend (0.5 ≤ x AB ≤ 0.8). All of the ordered mesophases present domain pitches under 3 nm, with 1 nm feature sizes for the polar domains. Structural analyses reveal that the nonuniform interfacial curvatures of DG and PL structures are supported by local composition variations of the LAM- and CYL-forming amphiphiles. Self-consistent mean field theory calculations for blends of related AB and AB2 block polymers also show the DG network at intermediate compositions, when A is the minority block, but PL is not stable. This work provides molecular-level insights into how blending of shape-filling molecular architectures enables network phase formation with extremely small feature sizes over a wide composition range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Shen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
- Chemical
Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Ke Luo
- Chemical
Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - So Jung Park
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Daoyuan Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
- Chemical
Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Mahesh K. Mahanthappa
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Kevin D. Dorfman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - J. Ilja Siepmann
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
- Chemical
Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu W, Zhang K, Zhang J, Liang X, Ge X, Ge Z, Wei C, Song W, Xu T, Wu L. Efficient lamellar two‐dimensional proton channels derived from dipole interactions in a polyelectrolyte membrane. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Yu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Xian Liang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Xiaolin Ge
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Zijuan Ge
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Chengpeng Wei
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Wanjie Song
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Liang Wu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ikami T, Watanabe Y, Ogawa H, Takenaka M, Yamada NL, Ouchi M, Aoki H, Terashima T. Multilayered Lamellar Materials and Thin Films by Instant Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Random Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1524-1528. [PMID: 35549143 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Making ordered nanostructures in polymers and their thin films is an important technique to produce functional materials. Herein, we report instant yet precise self-assembly systems of amphiphilic random copolymers to build multilayered lamellar structures in bulk materials and thin films. Random copolymers bearing octadecyl groups and hydroxyethyl groups induced crystallization-driven microphase separation via simple evaporation from the solutions to form lamellar structures in the solid state. The domain spacing was controlled in the range between 3.1 and 4.2 nm at the 0.1 nm level by tuning copolymer composition. Interestingly, just by spin-coating the polymer solutions onto silicon substrates, the copolymers autonomously formed thin films consisting of multilayered lamellar structures, where amorphous/hydrophilic parts and crystalline octadecyl domains are alternatingly layered from a silicon substrate to the air/polymer interface at regular intervals. The lamellar domain spacing was tunable by selecting hydrophilic pendants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Ikami
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ogawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Mikihito Takenaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1, Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1, Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
- Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata,
Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Takaya Terashima
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun J, Lee C, Osuji CO, Gopalan P. Synthesis of High Etch Contrast Poly(3-hydroxystyrene)-Based Triblock Copolymers and Self-Assembly of Sub-5 nm Features. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chinedum O. Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen Z, Sun Y, Lodge TP, Siepmann JI. Development of a PointNet for Detecting Morphologies of Self-Assembled Block Oligomers in Atomistic Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5275-5284. [PMID: 33989001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular simulations with atomistic or coarse-grained force fields are a powerful approach for understanding and predicting the self-assembly phase behavior of complex molecules. Amphiphiles, block oligomers, and block polymers can form mesophases with different ordered morphologies describing the spatial distribution of the blocks, but entirely amorphous nature for local packing and chain conformation. Screening block oligomer chemistry and architecture through molecular simulations to find promising candidates for functional materials is aided by effective and straightforward morphology identification techniques. Capturing 3-dimensional periodic structures, such as ordered network morphologies, is hampered by the requirement that the number of molecules in the simulated system and the shape of the periodic simulation box need to be commensurate with those of the resulting network phase. Common strategies for structure identification include structure factors and order parameters, but these fail to identify imperfect structures in simulations with incorrect system sizes. Building upon pioneering work by DeFever et al. [Chem. Sci. 2019, 10, 7503-7515] who implemented a PointNet (i.e., a neural network designed for computer vision applications using point clouds) to detect local structure in simulations of single-bead particles and water molecules, we present a PointNet for detection of nonlocal ordered morphologies of complex block oligomers. Our PointNet was trained using atomic coordinates from molecular dynamics simulation trajectories and synthetic point clouds for ordered network morphologies that were absent from previous simulations. In contrast to prior work on simple molecules, we observe that large point clouds with 1000 or more points are needed for the more complex block oligomers. The trained PointNet model achieves an accuracy as high as 0.99 for globally ordered morphologies formed by linear diblock, linear triblock, and 3-arm and 4-arm star-block oligomers, and it also allows for the discovery of emerging ordered patterns from nonequilibrium systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States.,Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Yangzesheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States.,Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Timothy P Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - J Ilja Siepmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States.,Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ji MS, Guo QY, Yan XY, Liu Y, Wu YJ, Yue K, Guo ZH. Crystallization Induced Self-Assembly: A Strategy to Achieve Ultra-Small Domain Sizes. Chemistry 2021; 27:7992-7997. [PMID: 33830540 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Achieving self-assembled nanostructures with ultra-small feature sizes (e. g., below 5 nm) is an important prerequisite for the development of block copolymer lithography. In this work, the preparation and self-assembly of a series of giant molecules composed of vinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (VPOSS) tethered with monodispersed oligo(L-lactide) chains are presented. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results demonstrate that ultra-small domain sizes (down to 3 nm) of phase separated lamellar morphology are achieved in bulk, driven by the strong tendency and fast kinetics for crystallization of VPOSS moieties. Moreover, upon gamma ray radiation, VPOSS cages in the lamellar structure can be crosslinked via polymerization of the vinyl groups. After pyrolysis at high temperature, ultra-thin two-dimensional nano-silica sheets can be obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Ji
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yun Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Yan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuchu Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jun Wu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ikami T, Kimura Y, Takenaka M, Ouchi M, Terashima T. Design guide of amphiphilic crystalline random copolymers for sub-10 nm microphase separation. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01618g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sub-10 nm lamellar structures are efficiently constructed by the pendant microphase separation of amphiphilic crystalline random copolymers with broad molecular weight distribution that are obtained from free radical copolymerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Ikami
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kimura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Mikihito Takenaka
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji
- Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Takaya Terashima
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Servis MJ, Piechowicz M, Shkrob IA, Soderholm L, Clark AE. Amphiphile Organization in Organic Solutions: An Alternative Explanation for Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Features in Malonamide/Alkane Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10822-10831. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Servis
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Marek Piechowicz
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ilya A. Shkrob
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - L. Soderholm
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Aurora E. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rapid access to discrete and monodisperse block co-oligomers from sugar and terpenoid toward ultrasmall periodic nanostructures. Commun Chem 2020; 3:135. [PMID: 36703322 PMCID: PMC9814839 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Discrete block co-oligomers (BCOs) are gaining considerable attention due to their potential to form highly ordered ultrasmall nanostructures suitable for lithographic templates. However, laborious synthetic routes present a major hurdle to the practical application. Herein, we report a readily available discrete BCO system that is capable of forming various self-assembled nanostructures with ultrasmall periodicity. Click coupling of propargyl-functionalized sugars (containing 1-7 glucose units) and azido-functionalized terpenoids (containing 3, 4, and 9 isoprene units) afforded the discrete and monodisperse BCOs with a desired total degree of polymerization and block ratio. These BCOs microphase separated into lamellar, gyroid, and cylindrical morphologies with the domain spacing (d) of 4.2-7.5 nm. Considering easy synthesis and rich phase behavior, presented BCO systems could be highly promising for application to diverse ~4-nm nanofabrications.
Collapse
|