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Lin L, Ma Y, Zettsu N, Vequizo JJM, Gu C, Yamakata A, Hisatomi T, Takata T, Domen K. Carbon Nanotubes as a Solid-State Electron Mediator for Visible-Light-Driven Z-Scheme Overall Water Splitting. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14829-14834. [PMID: 38748984 PMCID: PMC11141554 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
So-called Z-scheme systems, which typically comprise an H2 evolution photocatalyst (HEP), an O2 evolution photocatalyst (OEP), and an electron mediator, represent a promising approach to solar hydrogen production via photocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS). The electron mediator transferring photogenerated charges between the HEP and OEP governs the performance of such systems. However, existing electron mediators suffer from low stability, corrosiveness to the photocatalysts, and parasitic light absorption. In the present work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were shown to function as an effective solid-state electron mediator in a Z-scheme OWS system. Based on the high stability and good charge transfer characteristics of CNTs, this system exhibited superior OWS performance compared with other systems using more common electron mediators. The as-constructed system evolved stoichiometric amounts of H2 and O2 at near-ambient pressure with a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of 0.15%. The OWS reaction was also promoted in the case that this CNT-based Z-scheme system was immobilized on a substrate. Hence, CNTs are a viable electron mediator material for large-scale Z-scheme OWS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lin
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary
Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Yiwen Ma
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary
Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Zettsu
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Energy
Land-scape Architectonics Brain Bank, Shinshu
University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Junie Jhon M. Vequizo
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary
Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Chen Gu
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary
Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Faculty
of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama
University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Hisatomi
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary
Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary
Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary
Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Office
of University Professors, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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2
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Kellogg M, Mencke AR, Muniz CN, Nattikallungal TA, Cardoso-Delgado F, Baluyot-Reyes N, Sewell M, Bird MJ, Bradforth SE, Thompson ME. Intra- and Intermolecular Charge-Transfer Dynamics of Carbene-Metal-Amide Photosensitizers. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:6621-6635. [PMID: 38690534 PMCID: PMC11056983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A series of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies were performed on a set of eight carbene-metal-amide (cMa) complexes, where M = Cu and Au, that have been used as photosensitizers for photosensitized electrocatalytic reactions. Using ps-to-ns and ns-to-ms transient absorption spectroscopies (psTA and nsTA, respectively), the excited-state kinetics from light absorption, intersystem crossing (ISC), and eventually intermolecular charge transfer were thoroughly characterized. Using time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) and psTA with a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) model, the variation in intersystem crossing (ISC), (S1 → T1) rates (∼3-120 × 109 s-1), and ΔEST values (73-115 meV) for these compounds were fully characterized, reflecting systematic changes to the carbene, carbazole, and metal. The psTA additionally revealed an early time relaxation (rate ∼0.2-0.8 × 1012 s-1) attributed to solvent relaxation and vibrational cooling. The nsTA experiments for a gold-based cMa complex demonstrated efficient intermolecular charge transfer from the excited cMa to an electron acceptor. Pulse radiolysis and bulk electrolysis experiments allowed us to identify the character of the transient excited states as ligand-ligand charge transfer as well as the spectroscopic signature of oxidized and reduced forms of the cMa photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
S. Kellogg
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Austin R. Mencke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Collin N. Muniz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | - Fabiola Cardoso-Delgado
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Nina Baluyot-Reyes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Marielle Sewell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Matthew J. Bird
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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3
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Qi Y, Zhang F. Recent Advances in Redox-Based Z-Scheme Overall Water Splitting under Visible Light Irradiation. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2976-2987. [PMID: 38457286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS) using suspended particulate photocatalysts to produce green hydrogen has inspired continuous interest due to its low cost for easy large-scale application. The two-step photoexcitation system (Z-scheme) mimicking natural photosynthesis was proposed to efficiently use visible light for realization of efficient conversion of solar irradiation. In this Perspective, we will introduce recent advances in redox-based Z-scheme OWS systems, including iodine-based, iron-based, metal complex-based, and other special ion redox couples. The advantages and challenges of each couple and the factors affecting the Z-scheme OWS efficiency are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and feasible solutions for the achievement of highly efficient Z-scheme OWS are then outlined. This Perspective provides guidance on how to construct a Z-scheme OWS system and enhance photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China
| | - Fuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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4
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Ali S, Ismail PM, Khan M, Dang A, Ali S, Zada A, Raziq F, Khan I, Khan MS, Ateeq M, Khan W, Bakhtiar SH, Ali H, Wu X, Shah MIA, Vinu A, Yi J, Xia P, Qiao L. Charge transfer in TiO 2-based photocatalysis: fundamental mechanisms to material strategies. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4352-4377. [PMID: 38275275 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04534j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor-based photocatalysis has attracted significant interest due to its capacity to directly exploit solar energy and generate solar fuels, including water splitting, CO2 reduction, pollutant degradation, and bacterial inactivation. However, achieving the maximum efficiency in photocatalytic processes remains a challenge owing to the speedy recombination of electron-hole pairs and the limited use of light. Therefore, significant endeavours have been devoted to addressing these issues. Specifically, well-designed heterojunction photocatalysts have been demonstrated to exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity through the physical distancing of electron-hole pairs generated during the photocatalytic process. In this review, we provide a systematic discussion ranging from fundamental mechanisms to material strategies, focusing on TiO2-based heterojunction photocatalysts. Current efforts are focused on developing heterojunction photocatalysts based on TiO2 for a variety of photocatalytic applications, and these projects are explained and assessed. Finally, we offer a concise summary of the main insights and challenges in the utilization of TiO2-based heterojunction photocatalysts for photocatalysis. We expect that this review will serve as a valuable resource to improve the efficiency of TiO2-based heterojunctions for energy generation and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharafat Ali
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Pir Muhammad Ismail
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Shannxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Alei Dang
- Shannxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- Energy, Water and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Zada
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Raziq
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Imran Khan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shakeel Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ateeq
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Waliullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Syedul Hasnain Bakhtiar
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Haider Ali
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Pengfei Xia
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
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5
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Sohail M, Rauf S, Irfan M, Hayat A, Alghamdi MM, El-Zahhar AA, Ghernaout D, Al-Hadeethi Y, Lv W. Recent developments, advances and strategies in heterogeneous photocatalysts for water splitting. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1286-1330. [PMID: 38419861 PMCID: PMC10898449 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00442b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting (PWS) is an up-and-coming technology for generating sustainable fuel using light energy. Significant progress has been made in the developing of PWS innovations over recent years. In addition to various water-splitting (WS) systems, the focus has primarily been on one- and two-steps-excitation WS systems. These systems utilize singular or composite photocatalysts for WS, which is a simple, feasible, and cost-effective method for efficiently converting prevalent green energy into sustainable H2 energy on a large commercial scale. The proposed principle of charge confinement and transformation should be implemented dynamically by conjugating and stimulating the photocatalytic process while ensuring no unintentional connection at the interface. This study focuses on overall water splitting (OWS) using one/two-steps excitation and various techniques. It also discusses the current advancements in the development of new light-absorbing materials and provides perspectives and approaches for isolating photoinduced charges. This article explores multiple aspects of advancement, encompassing both chemical and physical changes, environmental factors, different photocatalyst types, and distinct parameters affecting PWS. Significant factors for achieving an efficient photocatalytic process under detrimental conditions, (e.g., strong light absorption, and synthesis of structures with a nanometer scale. Future research will focus on developing novel materials, investigating potential synthesis techniques, and improving existing high-energy raw materials. The endeavors aim is to enhance the efficiency of energy conversion, the absorption of radiation, and the coherence of physiochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Smart and Clean Energy, Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Huzhou 313001 P. R. China
| | - Sana Rauf
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 PR China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University Mansehra 21300 Pakistan
| | - Asif Hayat
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University 321004 Jinhua Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Majed M Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University P. O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel A El-Zahhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University P. O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Djamel Ghernaout
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il PO Box 2440 Ha'il 81441 Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Blida PO Box 270 Blida 09000 Algeria
| | - Yas Al-Hadeethi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Lithography in Devices Fabrication and Development Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Weiqiang Lv
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Smart and Clean Energy, Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Huzhou 313001 P. R. China
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6
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Nakada A, Yokota T, Ogura M, Chang N, Tomita O, Saeki A, Ogasawara M, Abe R. Metal-free carbazole-thiophene photosensitizers designed for a dye-sensitized H2-evolving photocatalyst in Z-scheme water splitting. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044710. [PMID: 38294313 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dye-sensitized photocatalysts with molecular dyes and widegap semiconductors have attracted attention because of their design flexibility, for example, tunable light absorption for visible-light water splitting. Although organic dyes are promising candidates as metal-free photosensitizers in dye-sensitized photocatalysts, their efficiency in H2 production has far been unsatisfactory compared to that of metal-complex photosensitizers, such as Ru(II) tris-diimine-type complexes. Here, we demonstrate the substantial improvement of carbazole-thiophene-based dyes used for dye-sensitized photocatalysts through systematic molecular design of the number of thiophene rings, substituents in the thiophene moiety, and the anchoring group. The optimized carbazole-thiophene dye-sensitized layered niobate exhibited a quantum efficiency of 0.3% at 460 nm for H2 evolution using a redox-reversible I- electron donor, which is six-times higher than that of the best coumarin-based metal-free dye reported to date. The dye-sensitized photocatalyst also facilitated overall water splitting when combined with a WO3-based O2-evolving photocatalyst and an I3-/I- redox shuttle mediator. The present metal-free dye provided a high dye-based turnover frequency for water splitting, comparable to that of the state-of-the-art Ru(II) tris-diimine-type photosensitizer, by simple adsorption onto a layered niobate. Thus, this study highlights the potential of metal-free organic dyes with appropriate molecular designs for the development of efficient water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Nakada
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yokota
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Morihiko Ogura
- Catalysis Research Center and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ninghui Chang
- Catalysis Research Center and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Osamu Tomita
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ogasawara
- Department of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Ryu Abe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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7
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Lin L, Ma Y, Vequizo JJM, Nakabayashi M, Gu C, Tao X, Yoshida H, Pihosh Y, Nishina Y, Yamakata A, Shibata N, Hisatomi T, Takata T, Domen K. Efficient and stable visible-light-driven Z-scheme overall water splitting using an oxysulfide H 2 evolution photocatalyst. Nat Commun 2024; 15:397. [PMID: 38195692 PMCID: PMC10776739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
So-called Z-scheme systems permit overall water splitting using narrow-bandgap photocatalysts. To boost the performance of such systems, it is necessary to enhance the intrinsic activities of the hydrogen evolution photocatalyst and oxygen evolution photocatalyst, promote electron transfer from the oxygen evolution photocatalyst to the hydrogen evolution photocatalyst, and suppress back reactions. The present work develop a high-performance oxysulfide photocatalyst, Sm2Ti2O5S2, as an hydrogen evolution photocatalyst for use in a Z-scheme overall water splitting system in combination with BiVO4 as the oxygen evolution photocatalyst and reduced graphene oxide as the solid-state electron mediator. After surface modifications of the photocatalysts to promote charge separation and redox reactions, this system is able to split water into hydrogen and oxygen for more than 100 hours with a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of 0.22%. In contrast to many existing photocatalytic systems, the water splitting activity of the present system is only minimally reduced by increasing the background pressure to 90 kPa. These results suggest characteristics suitable for applications under practical operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lin
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yiwen Ma
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Junie Jhon M Vequizo
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mamiko Nakabayashi
- Institute for Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chen Gu
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Xiaoping Tao
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yoshida
- Science and Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Aoba-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Japan Technological Research Association of Artificial Photosynthetic Chemical Process (ARPChem), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriy Pihosh
- Office of University Professors, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Nishina
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoya Shibata
- Institute for Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hisatomi
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.
- Office of University Professors, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Mehtab A, Mao Y, M Alshehri S, Ahmad T. Photo/electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution using Type-II Cu 2O/g-C 3N 4 Heterostructure: Density functional theory addresses the improved charge transport efficiency. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:1467-1480. [PMID: 37659315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the most efficient ways for the photogenerated charge carriers is by the development of heterojunction between p-type and n-type semiconductors, which creates an interfacial charge transfer between two semiconductors. By enhancing the bifunctional characteristics for hydrogen generation via photocatalytic and electrocatalytic water splitting reaction, we report the type-II Cu2O/g-C3N4 heterostructure in this article. Due to significantly increased catalytically active sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) reaction during electrocatalysis and decreased charge transfer resistance, the as-prepared heterostructure exhibits a lower overpotential of 47 and 72 mVdec-1 for the HER and oxygen evolution reactions (OER), respectively, when compared to alone g-C3N4. In addition, Cu2O/g-C3N4 heterostructures have a higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of 3492 µmol gcat-1 in the presence of Triethanolamine as a sacrificial agent, which is nearly 2-fold times greater than g-C3N4 (1818 µmol gcat-1) after 5 h of continuous light-irradiation. Moreover, produced heterostructure exhibits 81% of Faradaic efficiency and 18% of apparent quantum yield. This work successfully explains how the rise in water splitting is induced by the transfer of photogenerated electrons in a cascade way from p-type Cu2O to the n-type g-C3N4 using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mehtab
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Yuanbing Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3105 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Saad M Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tokeer Ahmad
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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9
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Liu MX, Xu L, Cai YT, Wang RJ, Gu YY, Liu YC, Zou YJ, Zhao YM, Chen J, Zhang XL. Carbon Nitride-Based siRNA Vectors with Self-Produced O 2 Effects for Targeting Combination Therapy of Liver Fibrosis via HIF-1α-Mediated TGF-β1/Smad Pathway. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301485. [PMID: 37463681 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important feature, which can upregulate the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and promote the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), leading to liver fibrosis. Currently, effective treatment for liver fibrosis is extremely lacking. Herein, a safe and effective method is established to downregulate the expression of HIF-1α in HSCs via targeted delivery of VA-PEG-modified CNs-based nanosheets-encapsulated (VA-PEG-CN@GQDs) HIF-1α small interfering RNA (HIF-1α-siRNA). Due to the presence of lipase in the liver, the reversible release of siRNA can be promoted to complete the transfection process. Simultaneously, VA-PEG-CN@GQD nanosheets enable trigger the water splitting process to produce O2 under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, thereby improving the hypoxic environment of the liver fibrosis site and maximizing the downregulation of HIF-1α expression to improve the therapeutic effect, as demonstrated in liver fibrosis mice. Such combination therapy can inhibit the activation of HSCs via HIF-1α-mediated TGF-β1/Smad pathway, achieving outstanding therapeutic effects in liver fibrosis mice. In conclusion, this study proposes a novel strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis by regulating the hypoxic environment and the expression of HIF-1α at lesion site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Cai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Jia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Chao Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jin Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P. R. China
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10
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Li J, Sun S, Gao N, Li H, Liang K, Hai J, He S, Mu X, Wang B. A tube-like Pd@coordination polymer with enhanced solar light harvesting for boosting photocatalytic H 2 production in a wide pH range and seawater. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3527-3535. [PMID: 37383071 PMCID: PMC10295160 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00252g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Coordination polymers (CPs) have emerged as promising candidates for photocatalytic H2 production owing to their structural tailorability and functional diversity. However, the development of CPs with high energy transfer efficiency for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 production in a wide pH range still faces many challenges. Here we constructed a novel tube-like Pd(ii) coordination polymer with well-distributed Pd nanoparticles (denoted as Pd/Pd(ii)CPs) based on the coordination assembly of rhodamine 6G and Pd(ii) ions and further photo-reduction under visible light irradiation. Both the Br- ion and double solvent play a key role in forming the hollow superstructures. The resulting tube-like Pd/Pd(ii)CPs exhibit high stability in aqueous solution with the pH range from 3 to 14 due to the high Gibbs free energies of protonation and deprotonation, which provides the feasibility of photocatalytic hydrogen generation in a wide pH range. Electromagnetic field calculations showed that the tube-like Pd/Pd(ii)CPs have a good confinement effect on light. Therefore, the H2 evolution rate could reach 112.3 mmol h-1 g-1 at pH 13 under visible light irradiation, which is far superior to those of reported coordination polymer-based photocatalysts. Moreover, such Pd/Pd(ii)CPs could also reach a H2 production rate of 37.8 mmol h-1 g-1 in seawater under visible light with low optical density (40 mW cm-2) close to morning or cloudy sunlight. The above unique characteristics make the Pd/Pd(ii)CPs possess great potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Shihao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ningshuang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Kun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Jun Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Suisui He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xijiao Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Baodui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
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11
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Verma P, Samanta D, Sutar P, Kundu A, Dasgupta J, Maji TK. Biomimetic Approach toward Visible Light-Driven Hydrogen Generation Based on a Porphyrin-Based Coordination Polymer Gel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:25173-25183. [PMID: 36449661 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been a widespread interest in developing self-assembled porphyrin nanostructures to mimic nature's light-harvesting processes. Herein, porphyrin-based coordination polymer gel (CPG) has been developed as a "soft" photocatalyst material for hydrogen (H2) production from water under visible light. The CPG offers a hierarchical nanofibrous network structure obtained through self-assembly of a terpyridine alkyl-amide appended porphyrin (TPY-POR)-based low molecular weight gelator with ruthenium ions (RuII) and produces H2 with a rate of 5.7 mmol g-1 h-1 in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) as a sacrificial electron donor. Further, the [Fe2(bdt)(CO)6] (dbt = 1,2-benzenedithiol) cocatalyst, which can mimic the activity of iron hydrogenase, is coassembled in the CPG and shows remarkable improvement in H2 evolution (catalytic activity; rate ∼10.6 mmol g-1 h-1 and turnover number ∼1287). The significant enhancement in catalytic activity was supported by several controlled experiments, including femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy and also DFT calculation. The TA study supported the cascade electron transfer process from porphyrin core to [Ru(TPY)2]2+ center, and subsequently, the electron transfers to the cocatalyst [Fe2(bdt)(CO)6] for H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Verma
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore560 064, India
| | - Debabrata Samanta
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore560 064, India
| | - Papri Sutar
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore560 064, India
| | - Arup Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai400005, India
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai400005, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Maji
- Molecular Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore560 064, India
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12
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Luo L, Han X, Wang K, Xu Y, Xiong L, Ma J, Guo Z, Tang J. Nearly 100% selective and visible-light-driven methane conversion to formaldehyde via. single-atom Cu and W δ. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2690. [PMID: 37165020 PMCID: PMC10172301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct solar-driven methane (CH4) reforming is highly desirable but challenging, particularly to achieve a value-added product with high selectivity. Here, we identify a synergistic ensemble effect of atomically dispersed copper (Cu) species and partially reduced tungsten (Wδ+), stabilised over an oxygen-vacancy-rich WO3, which enables exceptional photocatalytic CH4 conversion to formaldehyde (HCHO) under visible light, leading to nearly 100% selectivity, a very high yield of 4979.0 μmol·g-1 within 2 h, and the normalised mass activity of 8.5 × 106 μmol·g-1Cu·h-1 of HCHO at ambient temperature. In-situ EPR and XPS analyses indicate that the Cu species serve as the electron acceptor, promoting the photo-induced electron transfer from the conduction band to O2, generating reactive •OOH radicals. In parallel, the adjacent Wδ+ species act as the hole acceptor and the preferred adsorption and activation site of H2O to produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and thus activate CH4 to methyl radicals (•CH3). The synergy of the adjacent dual active sites boosts the overall efficiency and selectivity of the conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, The Energy and Catalysis Hub, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710127, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Keran Wang
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, The Energy and Catalysis Hub, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710127, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Youxun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Lunqiao Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Jiani Ma
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, The Energy and Catalysis Hub, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710127, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
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13
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Fang J, Wei H, Chen Y, Dai B, Ni Y, Kou J, Lu C, Xu Z. Low-Energy Photons Dual Harvest for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution: Bimodal Surface Plasma Resonance Related Synergism of Upconversion and Pyroelectricity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207467. [PMID: 36634976 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of low-energy photons for efficient photocatalysis remains a challenging pursuit. Herein, a strategy is reported to boost the photocatalytic performance, by promoting low-energy photons dual harvest through bimodal surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-enhanced synergistically upconversion and pyroelectricity. It is achieved by introducing triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) materials and plasmonic material (Au nanorods, AuNRs) into composite fibers composed of pyroelectric substrate (poly(vinylidene fluoride)) and photocatalyst Cd0.5 Zn0.5 S. Interestingly, the dual combination of TTA-UC and AuNRs SPR in the presence of polyvinylidene fluoride substrate with pyroelectric property promotes the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance by 2.88 folds with the highest average apparent quantum yield of 7.0% under the low-energy light (λ > 475 nm), which far outweighs the role of separate application of TTA-UC (34%) and AuNRs SPR (76%). The presence of pyroelectricity plays an important role in the built-in electric field as well as the accordingly photogenerated carrier behavior in the composite photocatalytic materials, and the pyroelectricity can be affected by AuNRs with different morphologies, which is proved by the Kelvin probe force microscopy and photocurrent data. This work provides a new avenue for fully utilizing low-energy photons in the solar spectrum for improving photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Fang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Orient Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Orient Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yukai Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Orient Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Baoying Dai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Orient Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yaru Ni
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Orient Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Kou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Orient Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Orient Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhongzi Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Orient Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
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14
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Wang G, Wu Y, Li Z, Lou Z, Chen Q, Li Y, Wang D, Mao J. Engineering a Copper Single-Atom Electron Bridge to Achieve Efficient Photocatalytic CO 2 Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218460. [PMID: 36749548 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly efficient and stable photocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) remains a great challenge. We designed a Z-Scheme photocatalyst with N-Cu1 -S single-atom electron bridge (denoted as Cu-SAEB), which was used to mediate the CO2 RR. The production of CO and O2 over Cu-SAEB is as high as 236.0 and 120.1 μmol g-1 h-1 in the absence of sacrificial agents, respectively, outperforming most previously reported photocatalysts. Notably, the as-designed Cu-SAEB is highly stable throughout 30 reaction cycles, totaling 300 h, owing to the strengthened contact interface of Cu-SAEB, and mediated by the N-Cu1 -S atomic structure. Experimental and theoretical calculations indicated that the SAEB greatly promoted the Z-scheme interfacial charge-transport process, thus leading to great enhancement of the photocatalytic CO2 RR of Cu-SAEB. This work represents a promising platform for the development of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts that have potential in CO2 conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Zhujie Li
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, P. R. China
| | - Zaizhu Lou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Mao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
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15
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Ma Y, Lin L, Takata T, Hisatomi T, Domen K. A perspective on two pathways of photocatalytic water splitting and their practical application systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6586-6601. [PMID: 36789746 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05427b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting has been widely studied as a means of converting solar energy into hydrogen as an ideal energy carrier in the future. Systems for photocatalytic water splitting can be divided into one-step excitation and two-step excitation processes. The former uses a single photocatalyst while the latter uses a pair of photocatalysts to separately generate hydrogen and oxygen. Significant progress has been made in each type of photocatalytic water splitting system in recent years, although improving the solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency and constructing practical technologies remain important tasks. This perspective summarizes recent advances in the field of photocatalytic overall water splitting, with a focus on the design of photocatalysts, co-catalysts and reaction systems. The associated challenges and potential approaches to practical solar hydrogen production via photocatalytic water splitting are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Ma
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
| | - Lihua Lin
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
| | - Takashi Hisatomi
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan. .,Office of University Professors, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-86556, Japan
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16
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One Stone Two Birds: Utilization of Solar Light for Simultaneous Selective Phenylcarbinol Oxidation and H2 Production over 0D/2D-3D Pt/In2S3 Schottky Junction. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation and control solar-light-driven charges photoexcited on photocatalysts for separation-transfer and target redox reactions is an attractive and challenging pathway toward sustainability. Herein, 0D/2D-3D Pt/In2S3 Schottky junction was fabricated for simultaneous selective phenylcarbinol conversion into value-added aldehydes and production of clean energy H2 by directly utilizing photoexcited holes and electrons in one reaction system under mild reaction conditions. In contrast to pure water splitting and pure In2S3, the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics of H2 evolution on the Pt/In2S3 were significantly enhanced. The optimized 0.3% Pt/In2S3 exhibited the highest and most stable photocatalytic activity with 22.1 mmol g−1 h−1 of H2 production rate and almost 100% selectivity of benzaldehyde production. Notably, this dual-function photocatalysis also exhibited superiority in contrast to sacrificial-agent H2 evolution reactions such as lactic acid, Na2S, methanol and triethanolamine. The turnover frequency (TOF) could reach up to ~2394 h−1. The Pt clusters anchored at the electron location and strong metal-support interactions (SMSI) between Pt and In2S3 synergistically improved the spatial charge separation and directional transportation (~90.1% of the charge transport efficiency could be achieved over the Pt/In2S3 hybrid), and thus result in significant enhancement of photocatalytic H2 evolution with simultaneous benzaldehyde production.
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17
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Raza S, Ghasali E, Orooji Y, Lin H, Karaman C, Dragoi EN, Erk N. Two dimensional (2D) materials and biomaterials for water desalination; structure, properties, and recent advances. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:114998. [PMID: 36481367 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An efficient solution to the global freshwater dilemma is desalination. MXene, Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2), Graphene Oxide, Hexagonal Boron Nitride, and Phosphorene are just a few examples of two-dimensional (2D) materials that have shown considerable promise in the development of 2D materials for water desalination. However, other promising materials for desalinating water are biomaterials. The benefits of bio-materials are their wide distribution, lack of toxicity, and superior capacity for water desalination. METHODS For the rational use of water and the advancement of sustainable development, it is of the utmost importance to research 2D-dimensional materials and biomaterials that are effective for water desalination. The scientific community has concentrated on wastewater remediation using bio-derived materials, such as nanocellulose, chitosan, bio-char, bark, and activated charcoal generated from plant sources, among the various endeavors to enhance access to clean water. Moreover, the 2D-materials and biomaterials may have ushered in a new age in the production of desalination materials and created a promising future. RESULTS The present review article focuses on and reviews the progress of 2D materials and biomaterials for water desalination. Their properties, surface, and structure, combined with water desalination applications, are highlighted. Further, the practicability and potential future directions of 2D materials and biomaterials are proposed. Thus, the current work provides information and discernments for developing novel 2D materials and biomaterials for wastewater desalination. Moreover, it aims to promote the contribution and advancement of materials for water desalination, fabrication, and industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Raza
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, PR China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ehsan Ghasali
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, PR China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yasin Orooji
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, PR China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, PR China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ceren Karaman
- Departmen of Electricity and Energy, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Elena Niculina Dragoi
- "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Bld. D. Mangeron No 73, 700050, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Nevin Erk
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Davis-Wheeler Chin C, Fontenot P, Rostamzadeh T, Treadwell LJ, Schmehl RH, Wiley JB. Platinum@Hexaniobate Nanopeapods: A Directed Photocatalytic Architecture for Dye-Sensitized Semiconductor H 2 Production under Visible Light Irradiation. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022; 5:14687-14700. [PMID: 36590879 PMCID: PMC9795648 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Platinum@hexaniobate nanopeapods (Pt@HNB NPPs) are a nanocomposite photocatalyst that was selectively engineered to increase the efficiency of hydrogen production from visible light photolysis. Pt@HNB NPPs consist of linear arrays of high surface area Pt nanocubes encapsulated within scrolled sheets of the semiconductor H x K4-x Nb6O17 and were synthesized in high yield via a facile one-pot microwave heating method that is fast, reproducible, and more easily scalable than multi-step approaches required by many other state-of-the-art catalysts. The Pt@HNB NPPs' unique 3D architecture enables physical separation of the Pt catalysts from competing surface reactions, promoting electron efficient delivery to the isolated reduction environment along directed charge transport pathways that kinetically prohibit recombination reactions. Pt@HNB NPPs' catalytic activity was assessed in direct comparison to representative state-of-the-art Pt/semiconductor nanocomposites (extPt-HNB NScs) and unsupported Pt nanocubes. Photolysis under similar conditions exhibited superior H2 production by the Pt@HNB NPPs, which exceeded other catalyst H2 yields (μmol) by a factor of 10. Turnover number and apparent quantum yield values showed similar dramatic increases over the other catalysts. Overall, the results clearly demonstrate that Pt@HNB NPPs represent a unique, intricate nanoarchitecture among state-of-the-art heterogeneous catalysts, offering obvious benefits as a new architectural pathway toward efficient, versatile, and scalable hydrogen energy production. Potential factors behind the Pt@HNB NPPs' superior performance are discussed below, as are the impacts of systematic variation of photolysis parameters and the use of a non-aqueous reductive quenching photosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Davis-Wheeler Chin
- Department
of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana70148, United States
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico87106, United States
| | - Patricia Fontenot
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana70118, United States
| | - Taha Rostamzadeh
- Department
of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana70148, United States
| | - LaRico J. Treadwell
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico87106, United States
| | - Russell H. Schmehl
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana70118, United States
| | - John B. Wiley
- Department
of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana70148, United States
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19
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Kaur G, Komal, Kandwal P, Sud D. Sonochemically synthesized Zn (II) and Cd (II) based metal-organic frameworks as fluoroprobes for sensing of 2,6-dichlorophenol. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Sarngan PP, Lakshmanan A, Dutta A, Sarkar D. Understanding the effect of polymer concentrations on the phase formation and activity of electrospun nanofibrous photocatalyst. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lin H, Xiao Y, Geng A, Bi H, Xu X, Xu X, Zhu J. Research Progress on Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Metal Oxide Composites: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12979. [PMID: 36361768 PMCID: PMC9658189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been reported for several decades, it is still an active material at the present time owing to its amazing properties exhibited in many applications, including photocatalysis. With the rapid development of characterization techniques, in-depth exploration has been conducted to reveal and utilize the natural properties of g-C3N4 through modifications. Among these, the assembly of g-C3N4 with metal oxides is an effective strategy which can not only improve electron-hole separation efficiency by forming a polymer-inorganic heterojunction, but also compensate for the redox capabilities of g-C3N4 owing to the varied oxidation states of metal ions, enhancing its photocatalytic performance. Herein, we summarized the research progress on the synthesis of g-C3N4 and its coupling with single- or multiple-metal oxides, and its photocatalytic applications in energy production and environmental protection, including the splitting of water to hydrogen, the reduction of CO2 to valuable fuels, the degradation of organic pollutants and the disinfection of bacteria. At the end, challenges and prospects in the synthesis and photocatalytic application of g-C3N4-based composites are proposed and an outlook is given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Junjiang Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
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22
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Rana P, Kaushik B, Solanki K, Saini KM, Sharma RK. Development of heterogeneous photocatalysts via the covalent grafting of metal complexes on various solid supports. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11354-11377. [PMID: 36148784 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03568e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To date, remarkable progress has been achieved in the development of photocatalysts owing to their high activity, selectivity, and tunable light absorption in the visible light range. Recently, heterogeneous photocatalytic systems have emerged as potential candidates due to their beneficial attributes (e.g., high surface area, ease of functionalization and facile separation). Herein, we provide a concise overview of the rational design of heterogeneous photocatalysts by grafting photoactive complexes on heterogeneous support matrices via covalent grafting and their detailed characterization techniques, which have been followed by the landmark examples of their applications. Also, major challenges and opportunities in the forthcoming progress of these appealing areas are emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rana
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Bhawna Kaushik
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Kanika Solanki
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Kapil Mohan Saini
- Kalindi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110008, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
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Kobayashi A, Takizawa SY, Hirahara M. Photofunctional molecular assembly for artificial photosynthesis: Beyond a simple dye sensitization strategy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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Nishioka S, Hojo K, Xiao L, Gao T, Miseki Y, Yasuda S, Yokoi T, Sayama K, Mallouk TE, Maeda K. Surface-modified, dye-sensitized niobate nanosheets enabling an efficient solar-driven Z-scheme for overall water splitting. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc9115. [PMID: 35947708 PMCID: PMC9365272 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While dye-sensitized metal oxides are good candidates as H2 evolution photocatalysts for solar-driven Z-scheme water splitting, their solar-to-hydrogen (STH) energy conversion efficiencies remain low because of uncontrolled charge recombination reactions. Here, we show that modification of Ru dye-sensitized, Pt-intercalated HCa2Nb3O10 nanosheets (Ru/Pt/HCa2Nb3O10) with both amorphous Al2O3 and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) improves the STH efficiency of Z-scheme overall water splitting by a factor of ~100, when the nanosheets are used in combination with a WO3-based O2 evolution photocatalyst and an I3-/I- redox mediator, relative to an analogous system that uses unmodified Ru/Pt/HCa2Nb3O10. By using the optimized photocatalyst, PSS/Ru/Al2O3/Pt/HCa2Nb3O10, a maximum STH of 0.12% and an apparent quantum yield of 4.1% at 420 nm were obtained, by far the highest among dye-sensitized water splitting systems and comparable to conventional semiconductor-based suspended particulate photocatalyst systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Nishioka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Koya Hojo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Langqiu Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tianyue Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yugo Miseki
- Global Zero Emission Research Center (GZR), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), West, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yasuda
- Nanospace Catalysis Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yokoi
- Nanospace Catalysis Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sayama
- Global Zero Emission Research Center (GZR), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), West, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Thomas E. Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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Yoshimura N, Yoshida M, Kato M, Kobayashi A. Photocatalyst-Mediator Interface Modification by Surface-Metal Cations of a Dye-Sensitized H 2 Evolution Photocatalyst. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11095-11102. [PMID: 35833492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To develop highly active H2 evolving dye-sensitized photocatalysts (DSPs) applicable for Z-scheme water splitting, we synthesized a series of Ru(II)-dye-double-layered DSPs, X'-RuCP6-Zr-RuP6@Pt-TiO2 (X'-DSP) with different surface-bound metal cations (X' = Fe2+, Y3+, Zr4+, Hf4+, and Bi3+). In 0.5 M KI aqueous solution, the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity under blue light irradiation (λ = 460 ± 15 nm) increased in the following order: nonmetal-modified DSP, H+-DSP (turn over number for 6 h irradiation = 35.2) < Fe2+-DSP (54.9) ≈ Bi3+-DSP (55.2) < Hf4+-DSP (65.5) ≈ Zr4+-DSP (68.3) ≈ Y3+-DSP (71.5), suggesting that the redox-inactive and highly charged metal cations tend to improve the electron donation from the iodide electron mediator. On the other hand, DSPs having heavy metal cations, Hf4+-DSP (18.4) and Bi3+-DSP (16.6), exhibited better activity under green light irradiation (λ = 530 ± 15 nm) than Zr4+-DSP (15.7) and H+-DSP (7.80), implying the contribution of a heavy atom effect of the surface-bound metal cation to partially allow the spin-forbidden metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North-10 West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North-10 West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North-10 West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North-10 West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Hashimoto Y, Suzuki H, Kondo T, Abe R, Tamiaki H. Visible-light-induced hydrogen evolution from water on hybrid photocatalysts consisting of synthetic chlorophyll-a derivatives with a carboxy group in the 20-substituent adsorbed on semiconductors. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Rogati GMA, Capecci C, Fazio E, Serroni S, Puntoriero F, Campagna S, Guidoni L. Molecular Modelling and Simulations of Light-Harvesting Decanuclear Ru-Based Dendrimers for Artificial Photosynthesis. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103310. [PMID: 34752652 PMCID: PMC9299829 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The structure of a decanuclear photo- and redox-active dendrimer based on Ru(II) polypyridine subunits, suitable as a light-harvesting multicomponent species for artificial photosynthesis, has been investigated by means of computer modelling. The compound has the general formula [Ru{(μ-dpp)Ru[(μ-dpp)Ru(bpy)2 ]2 }3 ](PF6 )20 (Ru10; bpy=2,2'-bipyridine; dpp=2,3-bis(2'-pyridyl)pyrazine). The stability of possible isomers of each monomer was investigated by performing classical molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanics (QM) simulations on each monomer and comparing the results. The number of stable isomers is reduced to 36 with a prevalence of MER isomerism in the central core, as previously observed by NMR experiments. The simulations on decanuclear dendrimers suggest that the stability of the dendrimer is not linked to the stability of the individual monomers composing the dendrimer but rather governed by the steric constrains originated by the multimetallic assembly. Finally, the self-aggregation of Ru10 and the distribution of the counterions around the complexes is investigated using Molecular Dynamics both in implicit and explicit acetonitrile solution. In representative examples, with nine and four dendrimers, the calculated pair distribution function for the ruthenium centers suggests a self-aggregation mechanism in which the dendrimers are approaching in small blocks and then aggregate all together. Scanning transmission electron microscopy complements the investigation, supporting the formation of different aggregates at various concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna M. A. Rogati
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Scienze dell'Informazione e MatematicaUniversità dell'AquilaVia Vetoio 2, Coppito67100L'AquilaItaly
| | - Chiara Capecci
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Scienze dell'Informazione e MatematicaUniversità dell'AquilaVia Vetoio 2, Coppito67100L'AquilaItaly
- Dipartimento di FisicaUniversità di Roma La SapienzaPiazzale Aldo Moro, 500185RomaItaly
| | - Enza Fazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della TerraUniversità di MessinaPiazza Pugliatti, 198122MessinaItaly
| | - Scolastica Serroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di MessinaPiazza Pugliatti, 198122MessinaItaly
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di MessinaPiazza Pugliatti, 198122MessinaItaly
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di MessinaPiazza Pugliatti, 198122MessinaItaly
| | - Leonardo Guidoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e ChimicheUniversità dell'AquilaVia Vetoio, 2, Coppito67100L'AquilaItaly
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28
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Kawawaki T, Kawachi M, Yazaki D, Akinaga Y, Hirayama D, Negishi Y. Development and Functionalization of Visible-Light-Driven Water-Splitting Photocatalysts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:344. [PMID: 35159689 PMCID: PMC8838403 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
With global warming and the depletion of fossil resources, our fossil fuel-dependent society is expected to shift to one that instead uses hydrogen (H2) as a clean and renewable energy. To realize this, the photocatalytic water-splitting reaction, which produces H2 from water and solar energy through photocatalysis, has attracted much attention. However, for practical use, the functionality of water-splitting photocatalysts must be further improved to efficiently absorb visible (Vis) light, which accounts for the majority of sunlight. Considering the mechanism of water-splitting photocatalysis, researchers in the various fields must be employed in this type of study to achieve this. However, for researchers in fields other than catalytic chemistry, ceramic (semiconductor) materials chemistry, and electrochemistry to participate in this field, new reviews that summarize previous reports on water-splitting photocatalysis seem to be needed. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent studies on the development and functionalization of Vis-light-driven water-splitting photocatalysts. Through this summary, we aim to share current technology and future challenges with readers in the various fields and help expedite the practical application of Vis-light-driven water-splitting photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan; (T.K.); (M.K.); (D.Y.); (Y.A.); (D.H.)
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Center for Space System Innovation, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan; (T.K.); (M.K.); (D.Y.); (Y.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Daichi Yazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan; (T.K.); (M.K.); (D.Y.); (Y.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Yuki Akinaga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan; (T.K.); (M.K.); (D.Y.); (Y.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Daisuke Hirayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan; (T.K.); (M.K.); (D.Y.); (Y.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan; (T.K.); (M.K.); (D.Y.); (Y.A.); (D.H.)
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Center for Space System Innovation, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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29
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Photochemical hydrogen evolution using Pt/titania nanosheet catalysts prepared by chemical-reduction and photo-deposition methods. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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30
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Zhai J, Zhou B, Wu H, Jia S, Chu M, Han S, Xia W, He M, Han B. Selective photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of methane into carbon monoxide over Ag/AgCl@SiO 2 . Chem Sci 2022; 13:4616-4622. [PMID: 35656144 PMCID: PMC9020177 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Design of active catalysts for chemical utilization of methane under mild conditions is of great importance, but remains a challenging task. Here, we prepared a Ag/AgCl with SiO2 coating (Ag/AgCl@SiO2) photocatalyst for methane oxidation to carbon monoxide. High carbon monoxide production (2.3 μmol h−1) and high selectivity (73%) were achieved. SiO2 plays a key role in the superior performance by increasing the lifetime of the photogenerated charge carriers. Based on a set of semi in situ infrared spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electronic property characterization studies, it is revealed that CH4 is effectively and selectively oxidized to CO by the in situ formation of singlet 1O2via the key intermediate of COOH*. Further study showed that the Ag/AgCl@SiO2 catalyst could also drive valuable conversion using real sunlight under ambient conditions. As far we know, this is the first work on the application of SiO2 modified Ag/AgCl in the methane oxidation reaction. The Ag/AgCl@SiO2 catalyst exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity in selective aerobic oxidation of methane to carbon monoxide with high selectivity, and extended real light simulation feasibility shows potential in practical application.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Baowen Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Haihong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Shuaiqiang Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Mengen Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Shitao Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Wei Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Mingyuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Buxing Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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Luo L, Gong Z, Xu Y, Ma J, Liu H, Xing J, Tang J. Binary Au-Cu Reaction Sites Decorated ZnO for Selective Methane Oxidation to C1 Oxygenates with Nearly 100% Selectivity at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:740-750. [PMID: 34928583 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Direct and efficient oxidation of methane to methanol and the related liquid oxygenates provides a promising pathway for sustainable chemical industry, while still remaining an ongoing challenge owing to the dilemma between methane activation and overoxidation. Here, ZnO with highly dispersed dual Au and Cu species as cocatalysts enables efficient and selective photocatalytic conversion of methane to methanol and one-carbon (C1) oxygenates using O2 as the oxidant operated at ambient temperature. The optimized AuCu-ZnO photocatalyst achieves up to 11225 μmol·g-1·h-1 of primary products (CH3OH and CH3OOH) and HCHO with a nearly 100% selectivity, resulting in a 14.1% apparent quantum yield at 365 nm, much higher than the previous best photocatalysts reported for methane conversion to oxygenates. In situ EPR and XPS disclose that Cu species serve as photoinduced electron mediators to promote O2 activation to •OOH, and simultaneously that Au is an efficient hole acceptor to enhance H2O oxidation to •OH, thus synergistically promoting charge separation and methane transformation. This work highlights the significances of co-modification with suitable dual cocatalysts on simultaneous regulation of activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, the Energy and Catalysis Hub, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Zhuyu Gong
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, the Energy and Catalysis Hub, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Youxun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Jiani Ma
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, the Energy and Catalysis Hub, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Huifen Liu
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, the Energy and Catalysis Hub, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xing
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, the Energy and Catalysis Hub, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
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La Ganga G, Puntoriero F, Fazio E, Natali M, Nastasi F, Santoro A, Galletta M, Campagna S. Photoinduced Water Oxidation in Chitosan Nanostructures Containing Covalently Linked Ru II Chromophores and Encapsulated Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2021; 27:16904-16911. [PMID: 34418201 PMCID: PMC9291156 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The luminophore Ru(bpy)2 (dcbpy)2+ (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine; dcbpy=4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine) is covalently linked to a chitosan polymer; crosslinking by tripolyphosphate produced Ru-decorated chitosan fibers (NS-RuCh), with a 20 : 1 ratio between chitosan repeating units and RuII chromophores. The properties of the RuII compound are unperturbed by the chitosan structure, with NS-RuCh exhibiting the typical metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) absorption and emission bands of RuII complexes. When crosslinks are made in the presence of IrO2 nanoparticles, such species are encapsulated within the nanofibers, thus generating the IrO2 ⊂NS-RuCh system, in which both RuII photosensitizers and IrO2 water oxidation catalysts are within the nanofiber structures. NS-RuCh and IrO2 ⊂NS-RuCh have been characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electronic microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, which indicated a 2 : 1 ratio between RuII chromophores and IrO2 species. Photochemical water oxidation has been investigated by using IrO2 ⊂NS-RuCh as the chromophore/catalyst assembly and persulfate anions as the sacrificial species: photochemical water oxidation yields O2 with a quantum yield (Φ) of 0.21, definitely higher than the Φ obtained with a similar solution containing separated Ru(bpy)3 2+ and IrO2 nanoparticles (0.05) or with respect to that obtained when using NS-RuCh and "free" IrO2 nanoparticles (0.10). A fast hole-scavenging process (rate constant, 7×104 s-1 ) involving the oxidized photosensitizer and the IrO2 catalyst within the IrO2 ⊂NS-RuCh system is behind the improved photochemical quantum yield of IrO2 ⊂NS-RuCh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina La Ganga
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina98166MessinaItaly
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina98166MessinaItaly
| | - Enza Fazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e InformaticheScienze Fisiche e Scienze della TerraUniversità di Messina98166MessinaItaly
| | - Mirco Natali
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheFarmaceutiche ed AgrarieUniversità di Ferrara44121FerraraItaly
| | - Francesco Nastasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina98166MessinaItaly
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina98166MessinaItaly
| | - Maurilio Galletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina98166MessinaItaly
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina98166MessinaItaly
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33
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Abdul Nasir J, Munir A, Ahmad N, Haq TU, Khan Z, Rehman Z. Photocatalytic Z-Scheme Overall Water Splitting: Recent Advances in Theory and Experiments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105195. [PMID: 34617345 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting is considered one of the most important and appealing approaches for the production of green H2 to address the global energy demand. The utmost possible form of artificial photosynthesis is a two-step photoexcitation known as "Z-scheme", which mimics the natural photosystem. This process solely relies on the effective coupling and suitable band positions of semiconductors (SCs) and redox mediators for the purpose to catalyze the surface chemical reactions and significantly deter the backward reaction. In recent years, the Z-scheme strategies and their key role have been studied progressively through experimental approaches. In addition, theoretical studies based on density functional theory have provided detailed insight into the mechanistic aspects of some breathtakingly complex problems associated with hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. In this context, this critical review gives an overview of the fundamentals of Z-scheme photocatalysis, including both theoretical and experimental advancements in the field of photocatalytic water splitting, and suggests future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Abdul Nasir
- Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Munir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, 1 Km, main Daska road, Sialkot, Punjab, 51310, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science & Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
- University of Swat. Charbagh, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ul Haq
- Sustainable Energy Engineering, Frank H. Dotterweich College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, 78363-8202, USA
| | - Zaibunisa Khan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ziaur Rehman
- Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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34
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Deng Y, Zeng C, Yang X, Liu Z, Dai C. Significantly Enhanced Visible‐Light H
2
Evolution of Polyfluorene Polyelectrolyte by Anionic Polyelectrolyte Doping. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Deng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 P. R. China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 P. R. China
| | - Zhonglin Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Dai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Biology, and Materials Science East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 P. R. China
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35
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Alkali-assisted “cutting-thin” technique into a monolayer graphene and its distinctive defects engineering for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Tanabe T, Nakamori K, Tanikawa T, Matsubara Y, Matsumoto F. Ultrathin nanosheet Sn3O4 for highly effective hydrogen evolution under visible light. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Feng R, Zhang X, Xue X, Xu Y, Ding H, Yan T, Yan L, Wei Q. [Ru(bpy) 3] 2+@Ce-UiO-66/Mn:Bi 2S 3 Heterojunction and Its Exceptional Photoelectrochemical Aptasensing Properties for Ofloxacin Detection. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7186-7194. [PMID: 35006950 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor on basis of [Ru(bpy)3]2+@Ce-UiO-66/Mn:Bi2S3 composites was constructed for detecting ofloxacin (OFL). First, Ce-UiO-66, prepared by a solvothermal method, had Zr4+-Zr3+ and Ce4+-Ce3+ intervalence cycles to increase the charge separation efficiency. Subsequently, Ce-UiO-66 was further modified by [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and Mn:Bi2S3 cosensitization to improve the photoelectric activity. [Ru(bpy)3]2+ not only broadened the range of light absorbed but also reacted with an electron donor to maintain the photoelectric conversion process. Among the [Ru(bpy)3]2+@Ce-UiO-66/Mn:Bi2S3 heterojunction, Mn:Bi2S3 was a photosensitizer, which maximized the efficiency of the electron-hole separation and significantly improved photocurrent. Then, an aptamer was used as a biorecognition unit for OFL-specific detection. Under the best conditions, the PEC aptasensor realized the sensitive detection of OFL, with a detection range of 0.01-100 nmol/L and a detection limit of 6 pmol/L. In addition, the constructed PEC OFL sensor showed good reproducibility, stability, and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Xue
- Shandong Academy of Environmental Science Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Haolin Ding
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yan
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Liangguo Yan
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
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38
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Ran J, Zhang H, Qu J, Shan J, Davey K, Cairney JM, Jing L, Qiao SZ. Significantly Raised Visible-Light Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution on a 2D/2D ReS 2 /In 2 ZnS 4 van der Waals Heterostructure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100296. [PMID: 34270858 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to dwindling fossil fuels reserves, the development of alternative renewable energy sources is globally important. Photocatalytic hydrogen (H2 ) evolution represents a practical and affordable alternative to convert sunlight into carbon-free H2 fuel. Recently, 2D/2D van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) have attracted significant research attention for photocatalysis. Here, for the first time a ReS2 /In2 ZnS4 2D/2D vdWH synthesized via a facile physical mixing is reported. It exhibits a highly promoted photocatalytic H2 -evolution rate of 2515 µmol h-1 g-1 . Importantly, this exceeds that for pristine In2 ZnS4 by about 22.66 times. This, therefore, makes ReS2 /In2 ZnS4 one of the most efficient In2 ZnS4 -based photocatalysts without noble-metal cocatalysts. Advanced characterizations and theoretical computations results show that interlayer electronic interaction within ReS2 /In2 ZnS4 vdWH and atomic-level S active centers along the edges of ReS2 NSs work collaboratively to result in the boosted light-induced H2 evolution. Results will be of immediate benefit in the rational design and preparation of vdWHs for applications in catalysis/(opto)electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrun Ran
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Hongping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Energy Materials, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Jiangtao Qu
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jieqiong Shan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Kenneth Davey
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Julie M Cairney
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Liqiang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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39
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Supercritically exfoliated Bi 2Se 3 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production by topological surface states over TiO 2. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:871-880. [PMID: 34371430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the unique electronic properties of layered materials, topological insulators have interestingly grabbed much attention in the field of photocatalytic water splitting. Nowadays, 2D layered materials were composited with semiconductor photocatalysts, encourage much as it provides enormous active sites and also significantly prevent photogenerated charge recombination. Especially, Bi2Se3 possesses exceptional properties like topologically preserved conducting surface states with bulk insulating behavior and high surface area, which provides unconventional electron dynamics, resulting in facile electron transport and effective charge separation to photocatalyst. So far, several methods have been attempted to synthesize few-layered Bi2Se3 nanosheets from its bulk crystals. Here, a unique attempt is made and succeeded to exfoliate bulk Bi2Se3 to few layered nanosheets via surfactant free supercritical fluid processing using N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as an exfoliating agent, with a short reaction time of 15 min. The exfoliation of Bi2Se3 crystal was confirmed by several characterization techniques, such as XRD, SEM, Raman, and HR-TEM. Furthermore, different weight percentages of exfoliated Bi2Se3 sheets/anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared and examined the photocatalytic activity using glycerol as a hole scavenger. Among them, 15 wt.% Bi2Se3 coupled TiO2 nanocomposite showed enormous hydrogen evolution rate of 84.9 mmol h-1g-1cat, which is 80 times higher than that of TiO2 nanoparticles. In addition, the photostability of the nanocomposite was also verified, where it retains 94% of activity even after 4 cycles of continuous experiments. The improved rate of H2 production was understood by theoretical calculations that topologically preserved conducting surface states of co-catalyst, Bi2Se3 nanosheets is supported to high mobile and scatter free electrons. It mediates the transport of electrons with TiO2 nanoparticles that helped the effective charge separation. Thus, it proves a promising candidate for photocatalytic hydrogen production.
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40
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Li J, Chen J, Fang H, Guo X, Rui Z. Plasmonic Metal Bridge Leading Type III Heterojunctions to Robust Type B Photothermocatalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Hongli Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zebao Rui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
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41
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Mavridi-Printezi A, Menichetti A, Guernelli M, Montalti M. Extending photocatalysis to the visible and NIR: the molecular strategy. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9147-9159. [PMID: 33978040 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01401c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis exploits light to perform important processes as solar fuel production by water splitting, and CO2 reduction or water and air decontamination. Therefore, photocatalysis contributes to the satisfaction of the increasing needs for clean energy, environmental remediation and, most recently, sanification. Most of the efficient semiconductor nanoparticles (NP), developed as photocatalysts, work in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region and they are not able to exploit either visible (Vis) or near infrared (NIR) radiation. This limitation makes them unable to fully exploit the broad band solar radiaton or to be applied in indoor conditions. Recently, different approaches have been developed to extend the spectral activity of semiconductor NP, like for example band-gap engineering, integration with upconversion NP and plasmonic enhancement involving also hot-electron injection. Nevertheless, the use of organic molecules and metal complexes, for enhancing the photoactivity in the Vis and NIR, was one of the first strategies proposed for sensitization and it is still one of the most efficient. In this minireview we highlight and critically discuss the most recent and relevant achievements in the field of photocatalysis obtained by exploiting dye sensitization either via dynamic or static quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Menichetti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Moreno Guernelli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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42
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Huang Y, Zhao P, Miao H, Shao S, Wang L, Chen Y, Jia C, Xia J. Organic-inorganic TCPP/BiOCl hybrids with accelerated interfacial charge separation for boosted photocatalytic performance. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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43
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Zada A, Khan M, Khan MA, Khan Q, Habibi-Yangjeh A, Dang A, Maqbool M. Review on the hazardous applications and photodegradation mechanisms of chlorophenols over different photocatalysts. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110742. [PMID: 33515579 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenols are very important environmental pollutants, which have created huge problems for both aquatic and terrestrial lives. Therefore, their removal needs urgent, effective, and advanced technologies to safeguard our environment for future generation. This review encompasses a comprehensive study of the applications of chlorophenols, their hazardous effects and photocatalytic degradation under light illumination. The effect of various factors such as pH and presence of different anions on the photocatalytic oxidation of chlorophenols have been elaborated comprehensively. The production of different oxidizing agents taking part in the photodegradation of chlorophenols are given a bird eye view. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of different chlorophenols over various photocatalyts has been discussed in more detail and elaborated that how different photocatalysts degrade the same chlorophenols with the aid of different oxidizing agents produced during photocatalysis. Finally, a future perspective has been given to deal with the effective removal of these hazardous pollutants from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zada
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Renala Khurd, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Khan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qasim Khan
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh
- Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alei Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Maqbool
- Department of Clinical & Diagnostic Sciences, Health Physics Program, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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44
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Graphitic C3N4 modified by Ru(II)-based dyes for photocatalytic H2 evolution. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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45
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Ou M, Li J, Geng M, Wang J, Wan S, Zhong Q. Construction of Z-scheme Photocatalyst Containing ZnIn2S4, Co3O4-Photodeposited BiVO4 (110) Facets and rGO Electron Mediator for Overall Water Splitting into H2 and O2. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Wang M, Li D, Zhao Y, Shen H, Chen B, Wu X, Qiao X, Shi W. Bifunctional black phosphorus: coupling with hematite for Z-scheme photocatalytic overall water splitting. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01743d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Z-scheme 2D–2D BP/α-Fe2O3 heterostructure enables preferable photocatalytic properties for efficient overall water splitting under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Di Li
- Institute for Energy Research
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Hao Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Biyi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Xiaolei Qiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Weidong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
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47
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Nishioka S, Oshima T, Hirai S, Saito D, Hojo K, Mallouk TE, Maeda K. Excited Carrier Dynamics in a Dye-Sensitized Niobate Nanosheet Photocatalyst for Visible-Light Hydrogen Evolution. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Nishioka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Takayoshi Oshima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shota Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Daiki Saito
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Koya Hojo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Thomas E. Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kazuhiko Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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48
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Zheng YL, Liu HC, Zhang YW. Engineering Heterostructured Nanocatalysts for CO 2 Transformation Reactions: Advances and Perspectives. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6090-6123. [PMID: 32662587 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a conceivable route to achieving anthropological carbon looping, carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies employ waste CO2 as an accessible C1 building block to generate upgraded chemicals or fuels, thereby simultaneously remedying environmental issues and energy crises. However, efficient CO2 conversion is disfavored by both its thermodynamics and its kinetics. Heterostructured materials with well-controlled interfaces have great potential for enhanced catalytic performance in various CO2 transformation reactions, owing to the synergistic effects among components, numerous interfacial and/or surface active sites, increased CO2 adsorption capacity, promoted charge transfer efficiency, and unique physicochemical properties. This Review highlights the state of the art in typical heterostructures, such as core-shell, yolk-shell, Janus, hierarchical (branched and hollow), and 2D/2D layered structures, applied for CO2 conversion with various energy inputs (radiation, electricity, heat). Fabrication methods of different heterostructures and structure-composition-performance relationships are also discussed concisely. Finally, a brief summary and prospective research directions are provided. The motivation of this Review is to offer instructive information on the applicability of inorganic heterostructures for CO2 transformation reactions, and it is hoped that further enlightening studies in this field could emerge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Stable and Unstable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
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49
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Yoshimura N, Kobayashi A, Yoshida M, Kato M. Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Production by Surface Modification of Pt‐TiO
2
Nanoparticles with a Double Layer of Photosensitizers. Chemistry 2020; 26:16939-16946. [PMID: 33067824 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8 Kita-ku Sapporo 0600810 Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8 Kita-ku Sapporo 0600810 Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8 Kita-ku Sapporo 0600810 Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8 Kita-ku Sapporo 0600810 Japan
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50
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Wei J, Dai Z, Ding L, Yuan R, Wen Z, Wang K. Visible light-driven photoelectrochemical ampicillin aptasensor based on an artificial Z-scheme constructed from Ru(bpy) 32+-sensitized BiOI microspheres. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 173:112771. [PMID: 33190051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dye sensitization is an alternative strategy to improve photoelectric activity of semiconductors and, particularly, to enhance the activity towards visible light domain. Herein, an artificial Z-scheme bipyridine ruthenium (Ru(bpy)32+) sensitizing narrow-gap bismuth oxy-iodide (BiOI) microspheres was constructed by a simple electrostatic interaction strategy for the first time. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and photoluminescence (PL) analysis showed that this design of such Z-scheme structure was helpful to enhance the interfacial charge transfer and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, due to the sensitization of Ru(bpy)32+, the band gap was narrowed from 1.8 eV of BiOI microspheres to 1.3 eV of BiOI/Ru(bpy)32+ microspheres, leading to improve the utilization of visible light. So that, the photocurrent of the resulted BiOI/Ru(bpy)32+ was 13.0 times that of pure BiOI microspheres. In view of the outstanding photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of BiOI/Ru(bpy)32+ and the high specificity of the aptamer, the PEC aptasensor for ampicillin (AMP) merits the excellent detection performance including a broad linear ranging from 1 × 10-7 nM to 100 nM as well as a low detection limit of 3.3 × 10-8 nM (S/N = 3). This work not only provides a novel way to construct and design highly efficient photoactive materials for PEC detection, but also broadens the application of Z-scheme in the field of sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Zhen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Lijun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Ruishuang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Zuorui Wen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
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