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Hales DP, Rajeshkumar T, Shiau AA, Rao G, Ouellette ET, Bergman RG, Britt RD, Maron L, Arnold J. Panoply of P: An Array of Rhenium-Phosphorus Complexes Generated from a Transition Metal Anion. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11296-11310. [PMID: 38836624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We expand upon the synthetic utility of anionic rhenium complex Na[(BDI)ReCp] (1, BDI = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-β-diketiminate) to generate several rhenium-phosphorus complexes. Complex 1 reacts in a metathetical manner with chlorophosphines Ph2PCl, MeNHP-Cl, and OHP-Cl to generate XL-type phosphido complexes 2, 3, and 4, respectively (MeNHP-Cl = 2-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-1,3,2-diazaphospholidine; OHP-Cl = 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane). Crystallographic and computational investigations of phosphido triad 2, 3, and 4 reveal that increasing the electronegativity of the phosphorus substituent (C < N < O) results in a shortening and strengthening of the rhenium-phosphorus bond. Complex 1 reacts with iminophosphane Mes*NPCl (Mes* = 2,4,6-tritert-butylphenyl) to generate linear iminophosphanyl complex 5. In the presence of a suitable halide abstraction reagent, 1 reacts with the dichlorophosphine iPr2NPCl2 to afford cationic phosphinidene complex 6+. Complex 6+ may be reduced by one electron to form 6•, a rare example of a stable, paramagnetic phosphinidene complex. Spectroscopic and structural investigations, as well as computational analyses, are employed to elucidate the influence of the phosphorus substituent on the nature of the rhenium-phosphorus bond in 2 through 6. Furthermore, we examine several common analogies employed to understand metal phosphido, phosphinidene, and iminophosphanyl complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Hales
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- LPCNO, INSA Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Angela A Shiau
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Guodong Rao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, INSA Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Leitner D, Wittwer B, Neururer FR, Seidl M, Wurst K, Tambornino F, Hohloch S. Expanding the Utility of β-Diketiminate Ligands in Heavy Group VI Chemistry of Molybdenum and Tungsten. Organometallics 2023; 42:1411-1424. [PMID: 37388273 PMCID: PMC10302891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of 17 molybdenum and tungsten complexes supported by the ubiquitous BDI ligand framework (BDI = β-diketiminate). The focal entry point is the synthesis of four molybdenum and tungsten(V) BDI complexes of the general formula [MO(BDIR)Cl2] [M = Mo, R = Dipp (1); M = W, R = Dipp (2); M = Mo, R = Mes (3); M = W, R = Mes (4)] synthesized by the reaction between MoOCl3(THF)2 or WOCl3(THF)2 and LiBDIR. Reactivity studies show that the BDIDipp complexes are excellent precursors toward adduct formation, reacting smoothly with dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and triethylphosphine oxide (OPEt3). No reaction with small phosphines has been observed, strongly contrasting the chemistry of previously reported rhenium(V) complexes. Additionally, the complexes 1 and 2 are good precursors for salt metathesis reactions. While 1 can be chemically reduced to the first stable example of a Mo(IV) BDI complex 15, reduction of 2 resulted in degradation of the BDI ligand via a nitrene transfer reaction, leading to MAD (4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino)pent-2-enide) supported tungsten(V) and tungsten(VI) complexes 16 and 17. All reported complexes have been thoroughly studied by VT-NMR and (heteronuclear) NMR spectroscopy, as well as UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leitner
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Benjamin Wittwer
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Florian R. Neururer
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Michael Seidl
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Frank Tambornino
- Fachbereich
Chemie and Wissenschaftlichen Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften
(WZMW), Phillips-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
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3
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Ouellette ET, Magdalenski JS, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Applications of Low-Valent Transition Metalates: Development of a Reactive Noncarbonyl Rhenium(I) Anion. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:783-793. [PMID: 35171568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low-valent transition metalates─anionic, electronic-rich organometallic complexes─comprise a class of highly reactive chemical reagents that find integral applications in organic synthesis, small-molecule activation, transient species stabilization, and M-E bond formation, among others. The inherent reactivity of such electron-rich metal centers has necessitated the widespread use of strong backbonding ligands, particularly carbonyls, to aid in the isolation and handling of metalate reagents, albeit sometimes at the expense of partially masking their full reactivity. However, recent synthetic explorations into transition-metalate complexes devoid of archetypic back-bonding ligands have led to the discovery of highly reactive metalates capable of performing a variety of novel chemical transformations.Building on our group's long-standing interest in reactive organometallic species, a series of rational progressions in early-to-middle transition-metal chemistry ultimately led to our isolation of a rhenium(I) β-diketiminate cyclopentadienide metalate that displays exceptional reactivity. We have found this Re(I) metalate to be capable of small-molecule activation; notably, the complex reversibly binds dinitrogen in solution and can be utilized to trap N2 for the synthesis of functionalized diazenido species. By employing isolobal analogues to N2 (CO and RNC), we were able to thoroughly monitor the mechanism of activation and conclude that the metalate's sodium counterion plays an integral role in promoting dinitrogen activation through a novel side-on interaction. The Re(I) metalate is also used in forming a variety of M-E bonds, including a series of uncommon rhenium-tetrylene (Si, Ge, and Sn) complexes that display varying degrees of multiple bonding. These metal tetrylenes act to highlight deviations in chemical properties within the group 14 elements. Our metalate's utility also applies to metal-metal bond formation, as demonstrated through the synthesis of a heterotetrametallic rhenium-zinc dimer. In this reaction, the Re(I) metalate performs a dual role as a reductant and metalloligand to stabilize a transient Zn22+ core fragment. Finally, the metalate displays unique reactivity with uranium(III) to yield the first transition metal-actinide inverse-sandwich bonds, in this case with three rhenium fragments bound through their Cp moieties surrounding the uranium center. Notably, throughout these endeavors we demonstrate that the metalate displays reactivity at multiple locations, including directly at the rhenium metal center, at a Cp carbon, through a Cp-sandwich mode, or through reversibly bound dinitrogen.Overall, the rhenium(I) metalate described herein demonstrates utility in diverse applications: small-molecule activation, the stabilization of reduced and/or unstable species, and the formation of unconventional M-E/M-M bonds or heterometallic complexes. Moving forward, we suggest that the continued discovery of noncarbonyl, electron-rich transition-metal anions featuring new or unconventional ligands should produce additional reactive organometallic species capable of stabilizing unique structural motifs and performing novel and unusual chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T. Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Julian S. Magdalenski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert G. Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Ouellette ET, Amaro Estrada JI, Lussier DJ, Chakarawet K, Lohrey TD, Maron L, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Spectroscopic, Magnetic, and Computational Investigations on a Series of Rhenium(III) Cyclopentadienide β-diketiminate Halide and Pseudohalide Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik T. Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Daniel J. Lussier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Khetpakorn Chakarawet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Trevor D. Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Robert G. Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Ouellette ET, Carpentier A, Joseph Brackbill I, Lohrey TD, Douair I, Maron L, Bergman RG, Arnold J. σ or π? Bonding interactions in a series of rhenium metallotetrylenes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2083-2092. [PMID: 33481968 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salt metathesis reactions between a low-valent rhenium(i) complex, Na[Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] (BDI = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-β-diketiminate), and a series of amidinate-supported tetrylenes of the form ECl[PhC(NtBu)2] (E = Si, Ge, Sn) led to rhenium metallotetrylenes Re(E[PhC(NtBu)2])(η5-Cp)(BDI) (E = Si (1a), Ge (2), Sn (4)) with varying extents of Re-E multiple bonding. Whereas the rhenium-stannylene 4 adopts a σ-metallotetrylene arrangement featuring a Re-E single bond, the rhenium-silylene (1a) and -germylene (2) both engage in π-interactions to form short Re-E multiple bonds. Temperature was found to play a crucial role in reactions between Na[Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] and SiCl[PhC(NtBu)2], as manipulation of reaction conditions led to isolation of an unusual rhenium-silane, (BDI)Re(μ-η5:η1-C5H4)(SiH[PhC(NtBu)2]) (1b) and a dinitrogen bridged rhenium-silylene, (η5-Cp)(BDI)Re(μ-N2)Si[PhC(NtBu)2] (1c), in addition to 1a. Finally, the reaction of Na[Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] with GeCl2·dioxane led to a rare μ2-tetrelido complex, μ2-Ge[Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)]2 (3). Bonding interactions within these complexes are discussed through the lens of various spectroscopic, structural, and computational investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INAS Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - I Joseph Brackbill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | - Trevor D Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INAS Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INAS Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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6
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Abbenseth J, Wätjen F, Finger M, Schneider S. The Metaphosphite (PO
2
−
) Anion as a Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Abbenseth
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Florian Wätjen
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Markus Finger
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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7
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Abbenseth J, Wätjen F, Finger M, Schneider S. The Metaphosphite (PO 2 - ) Anion as a Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23574-23578. [PMID: 32936501 PMCID: PMC7756739 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of monomeric, lower phosphorous oxides and oxoanions, such as metaphosphite (PO2 - ), which is the heavier homologue of the common nitrite anion but previously only observed in the gas phase and by matrix isolation, requires new synthetic strategies. Herein, a series of rhenium(I-III) complexes with PO2 - as ligand is reported. Synthetic access was enabled by selective oxygenation of a terminal phosphide complex. Spectroscopic and computational examination revealed slightly stronger σ-donor and comparable π-acceptor properties of PO2 - compared to homologous NO2 - , which is one of the archetypal ligands in coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Abbenseth
- Universität GöttingenInstitut für Anorganische ChemieTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Florian Wätjen
- Universität GöttingenInstitut für Anorganische ChemieTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Markus Finger
- Universität GöttingenInstitut für Anorganische ChemieTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Universität GöttingenInstitut für Anorganische ChemieTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
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