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Saviozzi C, Biancalana L, Funaioli T, Bortoluzzi M, De Franco M, Guelfi M, Gandin V, Marchetti F. Triiron Complex with N-Ferrocenyl Aminocarbyne Ligand Bridging a Diiron Core: DFT, Electrochemical, and Biological Insights. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1054-1067. [PMID: 38166407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The first N-ferrocenyl aminocarbyne complex, [Fe2Cp2(CO)2(μ-CO){μ-CN(Me)(Fc)}]CF3SO3 ([2]CF3SO3), was synthesized with an 88% yield from [Fe2Cp2(CO)4], isocyanoferrocene (CNFc), and methyl triflate. The synthesis proceeded through the intermediate formation of [Fe2Cp2(CO)3(CNFc)], 1. Multinuclear NMR experiments revealed the presence of cis and trans isomers for [2]CF3SO3 in organic solvents, in agreement with DFT outcomes. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies demonstrated one reduction process occurring prevalently at the diiron core and one oxidation involving the ferrocenyl substituent. The oxidation process is expected to favor the redox activation of [2]+ in a biological environment. Both [2]CF3SO3 and its phenyl analogue [Fe2Cp2(CO)2(μ-CO){μ-CN(Me)(Ph)}]CF3SO3 ([3]CF3SO3), prepared for comparison, exerted moderate antiproliferative activity against the human cancer cell lines A431, HCT-15, PSN-1, 2008, and U1285. However, [2]CF3SO3 exhibited a higher cytotoxicity than [3]CF3SO3, showed a substantial ability to induce intracellular ROS production, and outperformed cisplatin in a three-dimensional SCLC cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Saviozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Funaioli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University of Venezia "Ca' Foscari", Via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Michele De Franco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Guelfi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Xu X, Dai S, Xu S, Zhu Q, Li Y. Efficient Photocatalytic Cleavage of Lignin Models by a Soluble Perylene Diimide/Carbon Nitride S-Scheme Heterojunction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309066. [PMID: 37675642 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PDI) is one of the best n-type organic semiconductors and an ideal light-driven catalyst for lignin depolymerization. However, the charge localization effect and the excessively strong intermolecular aggregation trend in PDI result in rapid electron-hole (e- -h+ ) recombination, which limits photocatalytic performance. Herein, polymeric carbon nitride/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane PDI (p-CN/P-PDI) S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared by the solvent evaporation-deposition method for C-C bond selective cleavage of lignin β-O-4 model. Based on the material characterization results, the synergic role of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and S-scheme heterojunction maintains appropriate aggregation domains, achieves better solar light utilization, faster charge-transfer efficiency, and greater redox capacity. Notably, the 3 % p-CN/P-PDI heterostructure exhibits a remarkable enhancement in cleavage conversion efficiency, achieving approximately 16.42 and 2.57 times higher conversion rates compared to polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane modified PDI (POSS-PDI) and polymeric carbon nitride (p-CN), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
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Clendening RA, Delancey SS, Poore AT, Xue S, Guo Y, Tian S, Ren T. Enabling Valence Delocalization in Iron(III) Macrocyclic Complexes through Ring Unsaturation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11121-11133. [PMID: 37390479 PMCID: PMC10688613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The complexes [FeIII(HMC)(C2DMA)2]CF3SO3 ([2]OTf) and [FeIII(HMTI)(C2Y)2]CF3SO3 ([3a-c]OTf) have been prepared and thoroughly characterized (HMC = 5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane; HMTI = 5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-1,3,8,10-tetraene; Y = Fc (ferrocenyl, [3a]OTf), 4-(N,N-dimethyl)anilino (DMA, [3b]OTf), or 4-(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)anilino (TPA, [3c]OTf); OTf- = CF3SO3-)). Vibrational and electronic absorption spectroelectrochemical analyses following one-electron oxidation of the ethynyl substituent Y revealed evidence of strong coupling in the resultant mixed valent species for all HMTI-based complexes. However, the analogous mixed valent ion based on [2]OTf appeared to be more localized. Thus, the tetra-imino macrocycle HMTI has enabled significant valence delocalization along the -C2-FeIII-C2- bridge. Electron paramagnetic resonance and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies of [3b]OTf reveal that the π-acidity of HMTI lowers the energy of the FeIII dπ orbitals compared to the purely σ-donating HMC. This observation provides a basis for the interpretation of the macrocycle-dependent valence (de)localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reese A. Clendening
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Stephanie S. Delancey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Andrew T. Poore
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shan Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Carter C, Kratish Y, Marks TJ. Influence of Rare-Earth Ion Radius on Metal-Metal Charge Transfer in Trinuclear Mixed-Valent Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4799-4813. [PMID: 36921086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of a highly conjugated bisferrocenyl pyrrolediimine ligand, Fc2PyrDIH (1), and its trinuclear complexes with rare earth ions─(Fc2PyrDI)M(N(TMS)2)2 (2-M, M = Sc, Y, Lu, La). Crystal structures, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, and ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared (UV/vis-NIR) data are presented. The latter are in good agreement with DFT calculations, illuminating the impact of the rare earth ionic radius on NIR charge transfer excitations. For [2-Sc]+, the charge transfer is at 11,500 cm-1, while for [2-Y]+, only a d-d transition at 8000 cm-1 is observed. Lu has an ionic radius in between Sc and Y, and the [2-Lu]+ complex exhibits both transitions. From time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) analysis, we assign the 11,500 cm-1 transition as a mixture of metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT), rather than pure metal-to-metal CT because it has significant ligand character. Typically, the ferrocenes moieties have high rotational freedom in bis-ferrocenyl mixed valent complexes. However, in the present (Fc2PyrDI)M(N(TMS)2)2 complexes, ligand-ligand repulsions lock the rotational freedom so that rare-earth ionic radius-dependent geometric differences increasingly influence orbital overlap as the ionic radius falls. The Marcus-Hush coupling constant HAB trends as [2-Sc]+ > [2-Lu]+ > [2-Y]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Yosi Kratish
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Wojnar M, Ziller JW, Heyduk AF. Two-Electron Mixed Valency in a Heterotrimetallic Nickel-Vanadium-Nickel Complex. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1405-1413. [PMID: 36633592 PMCID: PMC9890480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-valence complexes represent an enticing class of coordination compounds to interrogate electron transfer confined within a molecular framework. The diamagnetic heterotrimetallic anion, [V(SNS)2{Ni(dppe)}2]-, was prepared by reducing (dppe)NiCl2 in the presence of the chelating metalloligand [V(SNS)2]- [dppe = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; (SNS)3- = bis(2-thiolato-4-methylphenyl)amide]. Vanadium-nickel bonds span the heterotrimetallic core in the structure of [V(SNS)2{Ni(dppe)}2]-, with V-Ni bond lengths of 2.78 and 2.79 Å. One-electron oxidation of monoanionic [V(SNS)2{Ni(dppe)}2]- yielded neutral, paramagnetic V(SNS)2{Ni(dppe)}2. The solid-state structure of V(SNS)2{Ni(dppe)}2 revealed that the two nickel ions occupy unique coordination environments: one nickel is in a square-planar S2P2 coordination environment (τ4 = 0.19), with a long Ni···V distance of 3.45 Å; the other nickel is in a tetrahedral S2P2 coordination environment (τ4 = 0.84) with a short Ni-V distance of 2.60 Å, consistent with a formal metal-metal bond. Continuous-wave X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, electrochemical investigations, and density functional theory computations indicated that the unpaired electron in the neutral V(SNS)2{Ni(dppe)}2 cluster is localized on the bridging [V(SNS)2] metalloligand, and as a result, V(SNS)2{Ni(dppe)}2 is best described as a two-electron mixed-valence complex. These results demonstrate the important role that metal-metal interactions and flexible coordination geometries play in enabling multiple, reversible electron transfer processes in small cluster complexes.
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Spectroelectrochemistry of next-generation redox flow battery electrolytes: A survey of active species from four representative classes. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tidwell JR, Martin CD. Investigating the Reactions of BiCl 3, a Diiminopyridine Ligand, and Trimethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Tidwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Caleb D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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Jiang P, Yang X, Cao N, Zhu X, Zhang F, Liu SH, Ou YP. Tuning iron-amine electronic coupling by different aromatic bridges based on ferrocene-ethynyl-triarylamine systems. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Liu X, Feng H, Li Y, Ma X, Yan Q. Effects of high‐energy multicore ferrocene‐based catalysts on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Haitao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Qilong Yan
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermostructure Laboratory Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
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Zha GJ, Ji W, Qi ZH, Qiu WJ, Li AM, Zhu DR, Jing S. Microenvironment modulation of cuprous cluster enables inert aryl chlorides activation in single-molecule metallaphotoredox amination. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ou YP, Zhang Q, Yang X, Cao N, Jiang P, Hua Liu S. Isomeric triarylamine-ferrocene mixed-valence systems: Syntheses, structural-(spectro)electrochemical analysis, and theoretical calculations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mondal R, Braun JD, Sidhu BK, Nevonen DE, Nemykin VN, Herbert DE. Catalytic Synthesis of Donor-Acceptor-Donor (D-A-D) and Donor-Acceptor-Acceptor (D-A-A) Pyrimidine-Ferrocenes via Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling: Synthesis, Structures, and Electronic Communication. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jason D. Braun
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Baldeep K. Sidhu
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Dustin E. Nevonen
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - David E. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Vecchi A, Sabin JR, Sabuzi F, Conte V, Cicero DO, Floris B, Galloni P, Nemykin VN. Similar, Yet Different: Long-Range Metal-Metal Coupling and Electron-Transfer Processes in Metal-Free 5,10,15,20-Tetra(ruthenocenyl)porphyrin. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8227-8241. [PMID: 34033715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure, redox properties, and long-range metal-metal coupling in metal-free 5,10,15,20-tetra(ruthenocenyl)porphyrin (H2TRcP) were probed by spectroscopic (NMR, UV-vis, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)), electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry, CV, and differential pulse voltammetry, DPV), spectroelectrochemical, and chemical oxidation methods, as well as theoretical (density functional theory, DFT, and time-dependent DFT, TDDFT) approaches. It was demonstrated that the spectroscopic properties of H2TRcP are significantly different from those in H2TFcP (metal-free 5,10,15,20-tetra(ferrocenyl)porphyrin). Ruthenocenyl fragments in H2TRcP have higher oxidation potentials than the ferrocene groups in the H2TFcP complex. Similar to H2TFcP, we were able to access and spectroscopically characterize the one- and two-electron oxidized mixed-valence states in the H2TRcP system. DFT predicts that the porphyrin π-system stabilizes the [H2TRcP]+ mixed-valence cation and prevents its dimerization, which is characteristic for ruthenocenyl systems. However, formation of the mixed-valence [H2TRcP]2+ is significantly less reproducible than the formation of [H2TRcP]+. DFT and TDDFT calculations suggest the ruthenocenyl fragment dominance in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy region and the presence of the low-energy MLCT (Rc → porphyrin (π*)) transitions in the visible region with energies higher than the predominantly porphyrin-centered Q-bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vecchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 0133, Italy.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Jared R Sabin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Federica Sabuzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 0133, Italy
| | - Valeria Conte
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 0133, Italy
| | - Daniel Oscar Cicero
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 0133, Italy
| | - Barbara Floris
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 0133, Italy
| | - Pierluca Galloni
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 0133, Italy
| | - Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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