1
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Shan QC, Wu YW, Chen MX, Zhao X, Loh TP, Hu XH. Synergistic Copper-Aminocatalysis for Direct Tertiary α-Alkylation of Ketones with Electron-Deficient Alkanes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402255. [PMID: 38885363 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel approach for the tertiary α-alkylation of ketones using alkanes with electron-deficient C─H bonds is presented, employing a synergistic catalytic system combining inexpensive copper salts with aminocatalysis. This methodology addresses the limitations of traditional alkylation methods, such as the need for strong metallic bases, regioselectivity issues, and the risk of over alkylation, by providing a high reactivity and chemoselectivity without the necessity for pre-functionalized substrates. The dual catalytic strategy enables the direct functionalization of C(sp3)─H bonds, demonstrating remarkable selectivity in the presence of conventional C(sp3)─H bonds that are adjacent to heteroatoms or π systems, which are typically susceptible to single-electron transfer processes. The findings contribute to the advancement of alkylation techniques, offering a practical and efficient route for the construction of C(sp3)─C(sp3) bonds, and paving the way for further developments in the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Chao Shan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - You-Wei Wu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mu-Xiang Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xu-Hong Hu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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2
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Zeng L, Xu CH, Zou XY, Sun Q, Hu M, Ouyang XH, He DL, Li JH. Iodoarene-directed photoredox β-C(sp 3)-H arylation of 1-( o-iodoaryl)alkan-1-ones with cyanoarenes via halogen atom transfer and hydrogen atom transfer. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6522-6529. [PMID: 38699280 PMCID: PMC11062093 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06637a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Site selective functionalization of inert remote C(sp3)-H bonds to increase molecular complexity offers vital potential for chemical synthesis and new drug development, thus it has been attracting ongoing research interest. In particular, typical β-C(sp3)-H arylation methods using chelation-assisted metal catalysis or metal-catalyzed oxidative/photochemical in situ generated allyl C(sp3)-H bond processes have been well developed. However, radical-mediated direct β-C(sp3)-H arylation of carbonyls remains elusive. Herein, we describe an iodoarene-directed photoredox β-C(sp3)-H arylation of 1-(o-iodoaryl)alkan-1-ones with cyanoarenes via halogen atom transfer (XAT) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). The method involves diethylaminoethyl radical-mediated generation of an aryl radical intermediate via XAT, then directed 1,5-HAT to form the remote alkyl radical intermediate and radical-radical coupling with cyanoarenes, and is applicable to a broad scope of unactivated remote C(sp3)-H bonds like β-C(sp3)-H bonds of o-iodoaryl-substituted alkanones and α-C(sp3)-H bonds of o-iodoarylamides. Experimental findings are supported by computational studies (DFT calculations), revealing that this method operates via a radical-relay stepwise mechanism involving multiple SET, XAT, 1,5-HAT and radical-radical coupling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Chong-Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Xiu-Yuan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Qing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - De-Liang He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 475004 China
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3
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Budiman YP, Perutz RN, Steel PG, Radius U, Marder TB. Applications of Transition Metal-Catalyzed ortho-Fluorine-Directed C-H Functionalization of (Poly)fluoroarenes in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4822-4862. [PMID: 38564710 PMCID: PMC11046440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of organic compounds efficiently via fewer steps but in higher yields is desirable as this reduces energy and reagent use, waste production, and thus environmental impact as well as cost. The reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to fluorine substituents in (poly)fluoroarenes with metal centers is enhanced relative to meta and para positions. Thus, direct C-H functionalization of (poly)fluoroarenes without prefunctionalization is becoming a significant area of research in organic chemistry. Novel and selective methodologies to functionalize (poly)fluorinated arenes by taking advantage of the reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to C-F bonds are continuously being developed. This review summarizes the reasons for the enhanced reactivity and the consequent developments in the synthesis of valuable (poly)fluoroarene-containing organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudha P. Budiman
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Robin N. Perutz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Patrick G. Steel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science
Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
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4
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Sennari G, Yamagishi H, Sarpong R. Remote C-H Amination and Alkylation of Camphor at C8 through Hydrogen-Atom Abstraction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7850-7857. [PMID: 38447162 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Camphor continues to serve as a versatile chiral building block for chemical synthesis. We have developed a novel method to functionalize the camphor skeleton at C8 using an intramolecular hydrogen atom abstraction. The key advance involves the use of a camphor-derived aminonitrile, which is converted to the corresponding nitrogen-centered radical under photoredox conditions to effect the 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer at C8. The resulting carbon-centered radical at C8 was utilized in a C-H amination to access topologically complex proline derivatives. Furthermore, the total synthesis of several sesquiterpenoids was accomplished by engaging the radical generated at C8 in alkylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goh Sennari
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- O̅mura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamagishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Sar D, Yin S, Grygus J, Rentería-Gómez Á, Garcia M, Gutierrez O. Expanding the chemical space of enol silyl ethers: catalytic dicarbofunctionalization enabled by iron catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13007-13013. [PMID: 38023494 PMCID: PMC10664506 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04549h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enol silyl ethers are versatile, robust, and readily accessible substrates widely used in chemical synthesis. However, the conventional reactivity of these motifs has been limited to classical two electron (2-e) enolate-type chemistry with electrophilic partners or as radical acceptors in one electron (1-e) reactivity leading, in both cases, to exclusive α-monofunctionalization of carbonyls. Herein we describe a mild, fast, and operationally simple one-step protocol that combines readily available fluoroalkyl halides, silyl enol ethers, and, for the first time, hetero(aryl) Grignard reagents to promote selective dicarbofunctionalization of enol silyl ethers. From a broader perspective, this work expands the synthetic utility of enol silyl ethers and establishes bisphosphine-iron catalysis as enabling technology capable of orchestrating selective C-C bond formations with short-lived α-silyloxy radicals with practical implications towards sustainable chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinabandhu Sar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Shuai Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Jacob Grygus
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | | | - Melanie Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
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6
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Xu CH, Zeng L, Lv GF, Qin JH, Xu XH, Li JH. Palladium-Catalyzed β-C(sp 3)-H Arylation of Silyl Prop-1-en-1-ol Ethers with Aryl Halides: Entry to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. Org Lett 2023; 25:7645-7649. [PMID: 37843412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A palladium(0)-catalyzed β-C(sp3)-H arylation of silyl prop-1-en-1-ol ethers with aryl halides for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones is presented. In contrast to the reported β-C(sp3)-H arylation of ketones, the chemoselectivity of this current method relies on the Pd(0) catalytic systems and reaction temperatures: While using the Pd(dba)2/DavePhos/KF system at 80 °C resulted in β-C(sp3)-H monoarylation to produce β-monoarylated α,β-unsaturated ketones, harnessing the Pd(OAc)2/t-Bu XPhos/K2HPO4 system at 110 °C induced β-C(sp3)-H diarylation to afford β,β-diarylated α,β-unsaturated ketones. The method provides a versatile route that uses readily available ketone-derivatized α-nonsubstituted silyl prop-1-en-1-ol ethers as the alkene sources and is characterized by a good functional group compatibility, a broad substrate scope, and an excellent selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Gui-Fen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jing-Hao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 475004, China
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7
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Zeng LY, Qu PZ, Tao M, Pu G, Jia J, Wang P, Shang M, Li X, He CY. Synthesis of Alkylated Polyfluorobenzenes through Decarboxylative Giese Addition of Aliphatic N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters with Polyfluorostyrene. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14105-14114. [PMID: 37708081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluoroaromatic compounds play crucial roles in medicinal and material science. However, the synthesis of alkylated polyfluoroarenes has been relatively underdeveloped. In this study, we devised a novel decarboxylative coupling reaction between aliphatic N-hydroxyphthalimide esters and polyfluorostyrene, leveraging the photochemical activity of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes. This method offers simple reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the practicality of this protocol through late-stage polyfluoroaryl modification of biologically active molecules using readily available carboxylic acids as starting materials, thus providing an important supplement to the current toolbox for accessing alkylated polyfluoroaryl motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Zhen Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Maoling Tao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Maocai Shang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Central Research Institute, United-Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201807, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P.R. China
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8
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Lin H, Huang X, Jiao W, Fang D, Wang M, Liao J. Enantioselective Cu-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitutions of Polyfluoroarenes: Synthesis of Chiral Polyfluoroaryl Diarylmethanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:3239-3244. [PMID: 37126769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optically pure diarylmethanes are frequently presented in pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules. However, minor efforts have been devoted to chiral polyfluoroarene-containing diarylmethanes, and their synthesis is still challenging. Herein, we describe an enantioselective Cu/sulfoxide phosphine (SOP) catalyzed nucleophilic substitution reaction by using polyfluoroarenes as the polyfluoroaryl reagent. Under mild conditions, this protocol enables the efficient synthesis of chiral polyfluoroaryl diarylmethanes with fluorinated quaternary stereogenic center in good yields (up to 93%), high regioselectivties, and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Moreover, gram-scale experiments, product derivations, and late-stage diversifications were performed to demonstrate the utility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Lin
- Natural Product Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Natural Product Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongmei Fang
- Natural Product Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Wang
- Natural Product Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Natural Product Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Zhou B, Deng S, Xu Y, Qi X, Dong G. Iridium-Catalyzed Intramolecular β-C-H Alkenylation of Ketones with Alkynes via a Hydride-Transfer Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23230-23238. [PMID: 36508583 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Direct functionalization of carbonyl β C-H bonds without using directing groups has not been a trivial task, and it is even more challenging to realize the corresponding atom-economical transformations with common alkenes or alkynes as the coupling partner. Here, we describe the development of an iridium-catalyzed intramolecular direct β-alkenylation of ketones with regular alkynes. The reaction is redox neutral, avoids strong acids or bases, and tolerates various functional groups. The combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies reveal a hydride-transfer pathway, involving ketone α,β-desaturation, iridium-hydride-mediated alkyne insertion, conjugate addition, and α-protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Shuang Deng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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10
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Liu K, Studer A. Formal β‐C−H Arylation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Cooperative Nickel and Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206533. [PMID: 35656716 PMCID: PMC9400853 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
α‐C−H‐functionalization of ketones and aldehydes has been intensively explored in organic synthesis. The functionalization of unactivated β‐C−H bonds in such carbonyl compounds is less well investigated and developing a general method for their β‐C−H arylation remains challenging. Herein we report a method that uses cooperative nickel and photoredox catalysis for the formal β‐C−H arylation of aldehydes and ketones with (hetero)aryl bromides. The method features mild conditions, remarkable scope and wide functional group tolerance. Importantly, the introduced synthetic strategy also allows the β‐alkenylation, β‐alkynylation and β‐acylation of aldehydes under similar conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed that this transformation proceeds through a single electron oxidation/Ni‐mediated coupling/reductive elimination cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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11
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Zheng C, Yan F, Liu Y, Chen R, Zheng K, Xiao H, Li XX, Feng YS, Fan S. Regioselective Alkylpolyfluoroarylation of Styrenes by Copper-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-H and C(sp 2)-H Double Activation. Org Lett 2022; 24:5462-5467. [PMID: 35849845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel dehydrogenative dicarbofunctionalization of vinyl arenes with polyfluoroarenes and unactivated alkanes enabled by copper catalysis has been accomplished under mild conditions. This transformation provides a regioselective route to highly functionalized polyfluoroaryl compounds that occur as structural scaffolds in a variety of pharmaceuticals and materials. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the carbon-based radical and copper intermediate are involved in the reaction, and the reaction pathway is dominated by the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of C(sp3)-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Fangpei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Yaomei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Kaiting Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Yi-Si Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Shilu Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Anhui 230000, China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Liu K, Studer A. Formal β‐C‐H Arylation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Cooperative Nickel and Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry and pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Armido Studer
- Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster GERMANY
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13
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He Y, Wang Y, Li SJ, Lan Y, Wang X. Deoxygenative Cross-Coupling of Aromatic Amides with Polyfluoroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115497. [PMID: 35014163 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the ubiquitous nature and ready synthesis of amides, and the great significance of organofluorine-containing species, the cross-coupling of amides and polyfluoroarenes, leading to new carbon-carbon bond-forming methodologies, would find useful applications in synthesis, late-stage functionalization, and rapid generation of molecular diversity. Herein, we present a novel synthesis of α-polyfluoroaryl amines via Sm/SmI2 -mediated deoxygenative cross-coupling of aromatic amides with polyfluoroarenes through direct C-H functionalization. The structural and functional diversity of these readily available precursors provides a versatile and flexible strategy for the streamlined synthesis of α-polyfluoroaryl amines. Combining experimental and theoretical studies, a novel plausible mechanism of the α-aminocarbene-mediated C-H insertion has been revealed, which may stimulate future work for the development of novel methods in amine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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14
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Zhang Z, Chen P, Liu G. Copper-catalyzed radical relay in C(sp 3)-H functionalization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1640-1658. [PMID: 35142305 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00727k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radical-involved transition metal (TM) catalysis has greatly enabled new reactivities in recent decades. Copper-catalyzed radical relay offers enormous potential in C(sp3)-H functionalization which combines the unique regioselectivity of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and the versatility of copper-catalyzed cross-coupling. More importantly, significant progress has been achieved in asymmetric C-H functionalization through judicious ligand design. This tutorial review will highlight the recent advances in this rapidly growing area, and we hope this survey will inspire future strategic developments for selective C(sp3)-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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15
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He Y, Wang Y, Li S, Lan Y, Wang X. Deoxygenative Cross‐Coupling of Aromatic Amides with Polyfluoroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shi‐Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
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16
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Liu HC, Kong X, Gong XP, Li Y, Niu ZJ, Gou XY, Li XS, Wang YZ, Shi WY, Huang YC, Liu XY, Liang YM. Site-Selective Coupling of Remote C(sp3)−H/meta-C(sp2)−H Bonds Enabled by Ru/Photoredox Dual Catalysis and Mechanistic Studies. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5382-5389. [PMID: 35655562 PMCID: PMC9093131 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of C(sp2)−C(sp3) bonds via regioselective coupling of C(sp2)−H/C(sp3)−H bonds is challenging due to the low reactivity and regioselectivity of C−H bonds. Here, a novel photoinduced Ru/photocatalyst-cocatalyzed regioselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling...
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xiangtao Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University Anyang 455000 China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong China
| | - Zhi-Jie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xue-Ya Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yu-Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Wei-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yan-Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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17
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Wang M, Li M, Zhang L, Song R, Yang D, Lv J. Photocatalytic Redox-Neutral Reaction of γ-Indolyl α-Keto Esters. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01890f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct γ-C(sp3)-H activation of saturated α-keto esters has long been an elusive transformation. We found that photo-redox catalysis IrIII in combination with DABCO as dual hydrogen-bonding donor and organic...
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18
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Yi X, Mao R, Lavrencic L, Hu X. Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Coupling of Aliphatic N‐hydroxyphthalimide Esters with Polyfluoroaryl Nucleophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Yi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Runze Mao
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lara Lavrencic
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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19
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Yi X, Mao R, Lavrencic L, Hu X. Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Coupling of Aliphatic N-hydroxyphthalimide Esters with Polyfluoroaryl Nucleophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23557-23563. [PMID: 34469039 PMCID: PMC8596744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyfluoroarenes are an important class of compounds in medical and material chemistry. The synthesis of alkylated polyfluoroarenes remains challenging. Here we describe a decarboxylative coupling reaction of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids with polyfluoroaryl zinc reagents (Zn-ArF ) via synergetic photoredox and copper catalysis. This method readily converts primary and secondary alkyl carboxylic acids into the corresponding polyfluoroaryl compounds, which could have a wide range of F-content (2F-5F) and variable F-substitution patterns on the aryl groups. Broad scope and good functional group compatibility were achieved, including on substrates derived from natural products and pharmaceuticals. Mechanistic study revealed that a [Cu-(ArF )2 ] species could be responsible for the transfer of polyfluoroaryl groups to the alkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Yi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)ISIC-LSCI, BCH 33051015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Runze Mao
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)ISIC-LSCI, BCH 33051015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Lara Lavrencic
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)ISIC-LSCI, BCH 33051015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)ISIC-LSCI, BCH 33051015LausanneSwitzerland
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20
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Sundaravelu N, Singha T, Nandy A, Sekar G. Copper-catalyzed domino synthesis of multi-substituted benzo[b]thiophene through radical cyclization using xanthate as a sulfur surrogate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4512-4515. [PMID: 33955993 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08429h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Cu-catalyzed domino synthesis of multi-substituted benzo[b]thiophene through radical cyclization of 2-iodophenyl ketones was developed using xanthate as a sulfur surrogate. This method was extended to obtain tetracyclic Lupinalbin analogues through double C-S/C-O bond formation by changing the substituents. The products were converted to a HTI photoswitch, benzothiophene-fused flavone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nallappan Sundaravelu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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21
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Liu HC, Li Y, Gong XP, Niu ZJ, Wang YZ, Li M, Shi WY, Zhang Z, Liang YM. Cu-Catalyzed Direct C-H Alkylation of Polyfluoroarenes via Remote C(sp 3)-H Functionalization in Carboxamides. Org Lett 2021; 23:2693-2698. [PMID: 33739843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel dehydrogenative coupling reaction of N-fluorocarboxamides with polyfluoroarenes forming C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds enabled by copper catalysis has been accomplished. N-Fluorocarboxamides are postulated to undergo copper-mediated dehydrogenative cross-coupling reaction with electron-deficient polyfluoroarenes via a radical pathway. Benzylic C-H bonds and aliphatic C-H bonds in N-fluorocarboxamides could proceed smoothly and demonstrated excellent regioselectivity. The detailed mechanism presented is supported by control experiments and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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22
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Son SH, Cho YY, Yoo HS, Lee SJ, Kim YM, Jang HJ, Kim DH, Shin JW, Kim NJ. Divergent synthesis of flavones and flavanones from 2′-hydroxydihydrochalcones via palladium(ii)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14000-14006. [PMID: 35423945 PMCID: PMC8697754 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01672e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Divergent and versatile synthetic routes to flavones and flavanones via efficient Pd(ii) catalysis are disclosed. These Pd(ii) catalyses expediently provide a variety of flavones and flavanones from 2′-hydroxydihydrochalcones as common intermediates, depending on oxidants and additives, via discriminate oxidative cyclization sequences involving dehydrogenation, respectively, in a highly atom-economic manner. Divergent and versatile synthetic routes to flavones and flavanones via efficient Pd(ii) catalysis are disclosed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Son
- College of Pharmacy
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 02447
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Yil Cho
- College of Pharmacy
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 02447
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Yoo
- College of Pharmacy
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 02447
- Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 02447
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 02447
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyu Jeong Jang
- College of Pharmacy
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 02447
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 02447
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Shin
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- Graduate School
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 02447
- Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 02447
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
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