1
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Shi J, Jiang J. CO 2/N 2 Triggered Aqueous Recyclable Surfactants for Biphasic Catalytic Reactions in the Pickering Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:20416-20427. [PMID: 39292966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of Pickering emulsions in interfacial catalysis offers a promising environmental platform for biphasic reactions. However, complicated surface coating or chemical grafting methods are always required to prepare the surface-active catalysts for the Pickering emulsions, since most of them are commercially unavailable. Here, we report CO2-switchable Pickering emulsions for biphasic reactions, in which Pd@Al2O3 nanoparticles are in situ modified by a CO2/N2 responsive surfactant. Compared with the chemical grafted methods, the in situ formed Pickering interfacial catalysts avoid complex chemical modification. Furthermore, efficient demulsification and separation of the oil phase and the products without surfactant contaminations can be achieved by CO2 trigger. The Pickering interfacial catalysis system can also be reformed after the aqueous phase containing the catalyst nanoparticles, and the surfactant is recycled and reused. The strategy is universal for nitrobenzene reductions and alcohol oxidations, providing a convenient and green method for the preparation of Pickering catalysts with commercially available nanoparticles, efficient emulsion separation, and recovery of the catalyst nanoparticles and emulsifiers in various two-phase organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianzhong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
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2
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Peacock H, Blum SA. Buildup and Consumption of Species in Emulsion Droplets during Aqueous Suzuki Coupling Correlate with Yield. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10684-10692. [PMID: 39016689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) provides spatiotemporal resolution of the changing composition of emulsion droplets during aqueous-surfactant Suzuki coupling. In contrast to previous investigations, the present experiments characterize the full course of a catalytic chemical reaction, addressing key questions about reaction species buildup and correlating these microscale behaviors with bench-scale product yields. At low concentrations of (active) catalyst, droplet environments are stable; however, at higher concentrations, emulsion droplet environments change markedly. These changes are consistent with the buildup and consumption of reaction species inside the droplets. A combination of FLIM and bright-field imaging pinpoints limitations in catalyst solubility as controlling rate and degree of buildup of species in droplets. These solubility limitations are also identified as the cause of a reaction induction period and an origin of the rate-and-reproducibility advantage obtained by adding THF cosolvent. The subsequent mechanistic model from these data led to a bench-scale reaction optimization, wherein premixing the catalyst components bypasses the catalyst induction period, resulting in a faster reaction. The understanding generated by FLIM thus provides an early example of how visualizing changes in droplet compositions on the microscale during ongoing aqueous-organic reactions can be leveraged for enhancing efficiencies in bench-scale reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Peacock
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Suzanne A Blum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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3
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Virdi J, Dusunge A, Handa S. Aqueous Micelles as Solvent, Ligand, and Reaction Promoter in Catalysis. JACS AU 2024; 4:301-317. [PMID: 38425936 PMCID: PMC10900500 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Water is considered to be the most sustainable and safest solvent. Micellar catalysis is a significant contributor to the chemistry in water. It promotes pathways involving water-sensitive intermediates and transient catalytic species under micelles' shielding effect while also replacing costly ligands and dipolar-aprotic solvents. However, there is a lack of critical information about micellar catalysis. This includes why it works better than traditional catalysis in organic solvents, why specific rules in micellar catalysis differ from those of conventional catalysis, and how the limitations of micellar catalysis can be addressed in the future. This Perspective aims to highlight the current gaps in our understanding of micellar catalysis and provide an analysis of designer surfactants' origin and essential components. This will also provide a fundamental understanding of micellar catalysis, including how aqueous micelles can simultaneously perform multiple functions such as solvent, ligand, and reaction promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep
K. Virdi
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ashish Dusunge
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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4
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Iyer K, Kavthe R, Hu Y, Lipshutz BH. Nanoparticles as Heterogeneous Catalysts for ppm Pd-Catalyzed Aminations in Water. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:1997-2008. [PMID: 38333203 PMCID: PMC10848299 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
A general protocol employing heterogeneous catalysis has been developed that enables ppm of Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions under aqueous micellar catalysis. A new nanoparticle catalyst containing specifically ligated Pd, in combination with nanoreactors composed of the designer surfactant Savie, a biodegradable amphiphile, catalyzes C-N bond formations in recyclable water. A variety of coupling partners, ranging from highly functionalized pharmaceutically relevant APIs to educts from the Merck Informer Library, readily participate under these environmentally responsible, sustainable reaction conditions. Other key features associated with this report include the low levels of residual Pd found in the products, the recyclability of the aqueous reaction medium, the use of ocean water as an alternative source of reaction medium, options for the use of pseudohalides as alternative reaction partners, and associated low E factors. In addition, an unprecedented 5-step, one-pot sequence is presented, featuring several of the most widely used transformations in the pharmaceutical industry, suggesting potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuting Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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5
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Wei D, Lu HY, Miao HZ, Feng CG, Lin GQ, Liu Y. Pd-catalyzed intermolecular consecutive double Heck reaction "on water" under air: facile synthesis of substituted indenes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19312-19316. [PMID: 37377870 PMCID: PMC10291873 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03510g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient and environmentally benign method for the preparation of substituted indene derivatives has been developed by using water as the sole solvent. This reaction proceeded under air, tolerated a wide range of functional-groups and was easily scaled up. Bioactive natural products like indriline were synthesized via the developed protocol. Preliminary results demonstrate that the enantioselective variant can also be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Han-Yu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Han-Zhe Miao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chen-Guo Feng
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 China
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6
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Hu Y, Li X, Jin G, Lipshutz BH. Simplified Preparation of ppm Pd-Containing Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Chemistry in Water. ACS Catal 2023; 13:3179-3186. [PMID: 36910866 PMCID: PMC9990150 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A protocol has been developed that not only simplifies the preparation of nanoparticles (NPs) containing ppm levels of ligated palladium that affect heterogeneous catalysis but also ensures that they afford products of cross-couplings reproducibly due to the freshly prepared nature of each reagent. Four different types of couplings are studied: Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, Mizoroki-Heck, and Negishi reactions, all performed under mild aqueous micellar conditions. The simplified process relies on the initial formation of stable, storable Pd- and ligand-free NPs, to which is then added the appropriate amount of Pd(OAc)2 and ligand-matched to the desired type of coupling, in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Gongzhen Jin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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7
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Chen L, Zhang S, Liu X, Ge X. Recent Advances in Water-Mediated Multiphase Catalysis. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2023.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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8
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Mattiello S, Ghiglietti E, Zucchi A, Beverina L. Selectivity in micellar catalysed reactions. The role of interfacial dipole, compartmentalisation, and specific interactions with the surfactants. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2023.101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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9
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Borrego E, Caballero A, Pérez PJ. Micellar Catalysis as a Tool for C-H Bond Functionalization toward C-C Bond Formation. Organometallics 2022; 41:3084-3098. [PMID: 37810590 PMCID: PMC10552653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Micelles generated upon dissolving surfactants in water can be employed as nanovessels for catalytic transformations, in the so-called micellar catalysis methodology. This review is focused on the use of micellar catalysis in the context of the catalytic functionalization of carbon-hydrogen bonds. The micelles accumulate catalyst and reactants in their inner volume in such a high local concentration that kinetics are favored. The consequence is that, in most cases, processes that in conventional organic solvents require high temperatures and long reaction times are achieved in milder conditions when micellar catalysis is employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Borrego
- Laboratorio de Catálisis
Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO Centro de Investigación
en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Ana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Catálisis
Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO Centro de Investigación
en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis
Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO Centro de Investigación
en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain
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10
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Hu Y, Wong MJ, Lipshutz BH. ppm Pd‐Containing Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Negishi Couplings …
in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209784. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Madison J. Wong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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11
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Das N, Maity C. Switchable aqueous catalytic systems for organic transformations. Commun Chem 2022; 5:115. [PMID: 36697818 PMCID: PMC9814960 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In living organisms, enzyme catalysis takes place in aqueous media with extraordinary spatiotemporal control and precision. The mechanistic knowledge of enzyme catalysis and related approaches of creating a suitable microenvironment for efficient chemical transformations have been an important source of inspiration for the design of biomimetic artificial catalysts. However, in "nature-like" environments, it has proven difficult for artificial catalysts to promote effective chemical transformations. Besides, control over reaction rate and selectivity are important for smart application purposes. These can be achieved via incorporation of stimuli-responsive features into the structure of smart catalytic systems. Here, we summarize such catalytic systems whose activity can be switched 'on' or 'off' by the application of stimuli in aqueous environments. We describe the switchable catalytic systems capable of performing organic transformations with classification in accordance to the stimulating agent. Switchable catalytic activity in aqueous environments provides new possibilities for the development of smart materials for biomedicine and chemical biology. Moreover, engineering of aqueous catalytic systems can be expected to grow in the coming years with a further broadening of its application to diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences (SAS), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandan Maity
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences (SAS), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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12
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Tang C, McInnes BT. Cascade Processes with Micellar Reaction Media: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175611. [PMID: 36080376 PMCID: PMC9458028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing the use of solvents is an important aim of green chemistry. Using micelles self-assembled from amphiphilic molecules dispersed in water (considered a green solvent) has facilitated reactions of organic compounds. When performing reactions in micelles, the hydrophobic effect can considerably accelerate apparent reaction rates, as well as enhance selectivity. Here, we review micellar reaction media and their potential role in sustainable chemical production. The focus of this review is applications of engineered amphiphilic systems for reactions (surface-active ionic liquids, designer surfactants, and block copolymers) as reaction media. Micelles are a versatile platform for performing a large array of organic chemistries using water as the bulk solvent. Building on this foundation, synthetic sequences combining several reaction steps in one pot have been developed. Telescoping multiple reactions can reduce solvent waste by limiting the volume of solvents, as well as eliminating purification processes. Thus, in particular, we review recent advances in “one-pot” multistep reactions achieved using micellar reaction media with potential applications in medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry. Photocatalyzed reactions in micellar reaction media are also discussed. In addition to the use of micelles, we emphasize the process (steps to isolate the product and reuse the catalyst).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tang
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Bridget T. McInnes
- Computer Science Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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13
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Bhuse DV, Bhagat PR. Visible Light Mediated Heck Coupling of Inactivated Aryl Fluoride/Chloride Over a Sulfonic Acid Functionalized, Melamine‐based Metal‐free Porphyrin Photocatalyst. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darpan Vijaykumar Bhuse
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
| | - Pundlik Rambhau Bhagat
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
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14
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Hu Y, Wong MJ, Lipshutz BH. ppm Pd‐Containing Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Negishi Couplings… in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Hu
- University of California Santa Barbara Chemistry & Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Madison J Wong
- University of California, Santa Barbara Chemistry & Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Bruce Howard Lipshutz
- University of California Department of Chemistry University of California 93106 Santa Barbara UNITED STATES
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15
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Kitanosono T, Lu F, Masuda K, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. Efficient Recycling of Catalyst‐Solvent Couples from Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202335. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kitanosono
- Department of Chemistry School of Scienc The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Fangqiu Lu
- Department of Chemistry School of Scienc The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Koichiro Masuda
- Department of Chemistry School of Scienc The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry School of Scienc The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shu Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry School of Scienc The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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16
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Tong Z, Peng X, Peng L, Deng W, Wang Z, Lu H, Yang W, Yin SF, Kambe N, Qiu R. Cu(I)-Catalyzed C-H Alkenylation of Tertiary C(sp 3)-H Bonds of 3-Aryl Benzofuran-2( 3H)-ones to Give Z- and E-Styrene Containing Quaternary Carbon Centers with 99/1 Regioselectivity. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6064-6074. [PMID: 35412840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of isomerically pure olefins containing all-carbon quaternary centers is a challenging issue. Herein, we developed an efficient protocol for the synthesis of (Z)-olefins (27 examples, yield up to 97%, Z/E up to 99/1) and (E)-olefins (16 examples, yield up to 94%, E/Z up to 99/1) containing all-carbon quaternary centers. This protocol is adopted for the copper-catalyzed regioselective C-H alkenylation of the tertiary C(sp3)-H bond of 3-aryl benzofuran-2(3H)-ones with alkyne and alkenes. A diverse range of functional groups in the substrates is well-tolerated, such as F, Cl, Br, Me, OMe, ester, CF3, etc. A gram scale experiment was performed in good yield, and the radical mechanisms are also proposed based on the control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xinju Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | | | - Wei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Weijun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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17
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Adamik R, Buchholcz B, Darvas F, Sipos G, Novák Z. The Potential of Micellar Media in the Synthesis of DNA-Encoded Libraries. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103967. [PMID: 35019168 PMCID: PMC9305553 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA‐encoded library (DEL) technology has become widely used in drug discovery research. The construction of DELs requires robust organic transformations that proceed in aqueous media under mild conditions. Unfortunately, the application of water as reaction medium for organic synthesis is not evident due to the generally limited solubility of organic reagents. However, the use of surfactants can offer a solution to this issue. Oil‐in‐water microemulsions formed by surfactant micelles are able to localize hydrophobic reagents inside them, resulting in high local concentrations of the organic substances in an otherwise poorly solvated environment. This review provides a conceptual and critical summary of micellar synthesis possibilities that are well suited to DEL synthesis. Existing examples of micellar DEL approaches, together with a selection of micellar organic transformations fundamentally suitable for DEL are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Adamik
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ferenc Darvas
- Innostudio Inc., Záhony u. 7, 1031, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Novák
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Kitanosono T, Lu F, Masuda K, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. Efficient Recycling of Catalyst–Solvent Couples from Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kitanosono
- The University of Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Fangqiu Lu
- The University of Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Koichiro Masuda
- The University of Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | | | - Shu Kobayashi
- The University of Tokyo Department of Chemistry, School of Science 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033 Tokyo JAPAN
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19
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Chowdhury B, Sar P, Kumar D, Saha B. Advancement of Cu(III) and Fe(III) directed oxidative transformations: Recent impact of aqueous micellar environment. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Thiruvengetam P, Chand DK. Controlled and Predictably Selective Oxidation of Activated and Unactivated C(sp3)–H Bonds Catalyzed by a Molybdenum-Based Metallomicellar Catalyst in Water. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4061-4077. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dillip Kumar Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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21
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Sanmartín RA, Salum ML, Protti S, Mella M, Bonesi SM. The Photoinduced Electrocyclization Reaction of Triphenylamine (TPA) in Sustainable and Confined Micellar Solutions: A Steady‐State and Laser Flash Photolysis Approach. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío A. Sanmartín
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Química Orgánica Buenos Aires C1428EGA Argentina
- CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR) Buenos Aires C1428EGA Argentina
| | - María L. Salum
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Química Orgánica Buenos Aires C1428EGA Argentina
- CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR) Buenos Aires C1428EGA Argentina
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry University of Pavia V.le Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Mariella Mella
- Department of Chemistry University of Pavia V.le Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Sergio M. Bonesi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Química Orgánica Buenos Aires C1428EGA Argentina
- CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR) Buenos Aires C1428EGA Argentina
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry University of Pavia V.le Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
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22
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Tevet S, Wagle SS, Slor G, Amir RJ. Tuning the Reactivity of Micellar Nanoreactors by Precise Adjustments of the Amphiphile and Substrate Hydrophobicity. Macromolecules 2021; 54:11419-11426. [PMID: 34987270 PMCID: PMC8717824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric assemblies, such as micelles, are gaining increasing attention due to their ability to serve as nanoreactors for the execution of organic reactions in aqueous media. The ability to conduct organic transformations, which have been traditionally limited to organic media, in water is essential for the further development of important fields ranging from green catalysis to bioorthogonal chemistry. Considering the recent progress that has been made to expand the range of organometallic reactions conducted using nanoreactors, we aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the roles of the hydrophobicity of both the core of micellar nanoreactors and the substrates on the reaction rates in water. Toward this goal, we designed a set of five metal-loaded micelles composed of polyethylene glycol-dendron amphiphiles and studied their ability to serve as nanoreactors for a palladium-mediated depropargylation reaction of four substrates with different log P values. Using dendrons as the hydrophobic block, we could precisely tune the lipophilicity of the nanoreactors, which allowed us to reveal linear correlations between the rate constants and the hydrophobicity of the amphiphiles (estimated by the dendron's cLog P). While exponential dependence was obtained for the lipophilicity of the substrates, a similar degree of rate acceleration was observed due to the increase in the hydrophobicity of the amphiphiles regardless of the effect of the substrate's log P. Our results demonstrate that while increasing the hydrophobicity of the substrates may be used to accelerate reaction rates, tuning the hydrophobicity of the micellar nanoreactors can serve as a vital tool for further optimization of the reactivity and selectivity of nanoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Tevet
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel-Aviv
University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shreyas S. Wagle
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel-Aviv
University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gadi Slor
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel-Aviv
University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roey J. Amir
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel-Aviv
University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Blavatnik
Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- ADAMA
Center for Novel Delivery Systems in Crop Protection, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The
Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
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23
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Efficient synthesis of novel chromenopyrido[3,2-e]isothiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidines via a non-catalytic one-pot three-component reaction. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Over the past few decades, the use of transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) in catalysis has attracted much attention and their use in C–C bond forming reactions constitutes one of their most important applications. A huge variety of metal NPs, which have showed high catalytic activity for C–C bond forming reactions, have been developed up to now. Many kinds of stabilizers, such as inorganic materials, magnetically recoverable materials, porous materials, organic–inorganic composites, carbon materials, polymers, and surfactants have been utilized to develop metal NPs catalysts. This review classified and outlined the categories of metal NPs by the type of support.
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25
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Suzuki N, Koyama S, Koike R, Ebara N, Arai R, Takeoka Y, Rikukawa M, Tsai FY. Palladium-Catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck and Copper-Free Sonogashira Coupling Reactions in Water Using Thermoresponsive Polymer Micelles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2717. [PMID: 34451255 PMCID: PMC8402173 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A few kinds of thermoresponsive diblock copolymers have been synthesized and utilized for palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions in water. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) are employed for thermoresponsive segments and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSSNa) and poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-methylpropanesulfonate) (PAMPSNa) are employed for hydrophilic segments. Palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck reactions are performed in water and the efficiency of the extraction process is studied. More efficient extraction was observed for the PDEAAm copolymers when compared with the PNIPAAm copolymers and conventional surfactants. In the study of the Sonogashira coupling reactions in water, aggregative precipitation of the products was observed. Washing the precipitate with water gave the product with satisfactory purity with a good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (S.K.); (R.K.); (N.E.); (R.A.); (Y.T.); (M.R.)
| | - Shun Koyama
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (S.K.); (R.K.); (N.E.); (R.A.); (Y.T.); (M.R.)
| | - Rina Koike
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (S.K.); (R.K.); (N.E.); (R.A.); (Y.T.); (M.R.)
| | - Nozomu Ebara
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (S.K.); (R.K.); (N.E.); (R.A.); (Y.T.); (M.R.)
| | - Rikito Arai
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (S.K.); (R.K.); (N.E.); (R.A.); (Y.T.); (M.R.)
| | - Yuko Takeoka
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (S.K.); (R.K.); (N.E.); (R.A.); (Y.T.); (M.R.)
| | - Masahiro Rikukawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (S.K.); (R.K.); (N.E.); (R.A.); (Y.T.); (M.R.)
| | - Fu-Yu Tsai
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan
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26
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Zhang Z, Zhang D, Zhu L, Zeng D, Kambe N, Qiu R. Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Organostibines with Styrenes to Give Unsymmetric ( E)-Stilbenes and (1 E,3 E)-1,4-Diarylbuta-1,3-dienes and Fluorescence Properties of the Products. Org Lett 2021; 23:5317-5322. [PMID: 34096311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general and effective palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of organostibines with styrenes to give (E)-olefins was disclosed. By the use of an organostibine reagent, this method can produce unsymmetric (E)-1,2-diarylethylenes and (1E,3E)-1,4-diarylbuta-1,3-dienes in good yields with high E/Z selectivity and good functional group tolerance. Resveratrol and DMU-212 were synthesized in high yield. The protocol can be extended to the synthesis of (1E,3E,5E)-1,6-diphenylhexa-1,3,5-triene in 40% yield. Products 5e, 5f, and 7a showed good photoluminescence quantum yields ranging from 72 to 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Dejiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Longzhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.,Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) and College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Dishu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
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27
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Ansari TN, Sharma S, Bora PP, Ogulu D, Parmar S, Gallou F, Kozlowski PM, Handa S. Photoassisted Charge Transfer Between DMF and Substrate: Facile and Selective N,N-Dimethylamination of Fluoroarenes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2704-2709. [PMID: 33974355 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A reversible Van der Waals complex formation between the electron-deficient fluorinated aromatic ring and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) molecules followed by light irradiation resulted in charge transfer (CT) process. The complex was stabilized by ammonium formate and further decomposed to form the C-N bond. Control experiments revealed that the simultaneous SN Ar pathway also contributes to product formation. This methodology is mild, metal-free, and effective for the amination of a variety of substrates. The reproducibility of this methodology was also verified on gram-scale reactions. The CT states were supported by control UV/Vis spectroscopy and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharique N Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 40292, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Sudripet Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 40292, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Pranjal P Bora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 40292, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Deborah Ogulu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 40292, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Saurav Parmar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 40292, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | | | - Pawel M Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 40292, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 40292, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
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28
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Siciliano S, Cini E, Taddei M, Vinciarelli G. Synthesis of 2-Substitued Indoles via Pd-Catalysed Cyclization in an Aqueous Micellar Medium. Molecules 2021; 26:3917. [PMID: 34206877 PMCID: PMC8271580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 2-substituted indoles starting from the corresponding unprotected 2-alkynylanilines was made possible in 3% TPGS-750-M water using Pd(OAc)2 alone as the catalyst. The reaction was sensitive to the heating mode respect to the nature of the starting material as, in many cases, convectional heating was better than microwave dielectric heating. The MW (microwave) delivery mode had also an influence in the formation of by-products and, consequently, product yields. A tandem Sonogashira-cyclisation reaction was also accomplished using Pd(OAc)2/Xphos in the nanomicellar water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maurizio Taddei
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.S.); (E.C.); (G.V.)
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29
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Banerjee M, Panjikar PC, Bhutia ZT, Bhosle AA, Chatterjee A. Micellar nanoreactors for organic transformations with a focus on “dehydration” reactions in water: A decade update. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Lipshutz BH. Illuminating a Path4914. Copyright 2016 Wiley for Organic Synthesis Towards Sustainability. No One Said It Would Be Easy…. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA personalized account is presented describing some of the stories behind the scenes in efforts to convert organic chemistry into a more sustainable discipline. These are part of a group ‘crusade’ started almost 15 years ago aimed at providing technologies illustrative of how key reactions used today can be ‘faster, better, cheaper’ when run in recyclable water. Hence, the option now exists to do organic synthesis in a far more environmentally responsible fashion. By contrast, most of organic chemistry developed over the past 200 years that relies on organic solvents continues to generate enormous amounts of pollution, while depleting finite petroleum reserves and our supplies of many precious and base metals. Making the switch to water, Nature’s chosen reaction medium, akin to that in which bio-catalysis is typically performed, is inevitable.1 The Story Begins: A Different Type of Prejudice2 Are We up to the Challenge? Too Late Now…3 ‘Impossible’ Reactive Metal Chemistry in Water4 Didn’t I Once Say: ‘It’s All about the Ligand’?5 What Happens When Our Supply of Palladium Runs Out?6 What Are the Implications from These Tales for Today and Tomorrow?7 What Is the ‘Broader Impact’ of This Work?8 The Bottom Line…
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31
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Cortes-Clerget M, Yu J, Kincaid JRA, Walde P, Gallou F, Lipshutz BH. Water as the reaction medium in organic chemistry: from our worst enemy to our best friend. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4237-4266. [PMID: 34163692 PMCID: PMC8179471 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06000c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A review presenting water as the logical reaction medium for the future of organic chemistry. A discussion is offered that covers both the "on water" and "in water" phenomena, and how water is playing unique roles in each, specifically with regard to its use in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Yu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Joseph R A Kincaid
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Peter Walde
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical & Analytical Development Novartis Pharma AG 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
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