1
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Cook A, Kassymbek A, Vaezghaemi A, Barbery C, Newman SG. An S N1-Approach to Cross-Coupling: Deoxygenative Arylation Facilitated by the β-Silicon Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19929-19938. [PMID: 39002160 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
We report a dual metal-catalyzed method for the cross-coupling of unprotected alcohols by exploiting the β-Si effect. This deoxygenative Suzuki-Miyaura reaction tolerates a range of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol substrates along with diverse functional groups and heterocycles. Mechanistic experiments including KIE, VTNA, and Eyring analyses suggest the existence of a carbocation intermediate on the reaction pathway, consistent with a rare SN1 pathway for the activation of an electrophile in cross-coupling reactions. A novel bis-imidazolium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand was found to be optimal for reactivity, and nickel(0)-, nickel(I)- and nickel(II)- complexes of this ligand were isolated and characterized. In contrast to more well-established shorter chain ligands, these long-chain NHCs are found to have characteristically large bite angles, which may be critical for enabling the deoxygenative arylation of aliphatic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Aishabibi Kassymbek
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Aref Vaezghaemi
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Carlos Barbery
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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2
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Wang GQ, Zhang Y, Zhou YX, Yang D, Han P, Jing LH, Tang K. Photoredox Synthesis of Silicon-Containing Isoindolin-1-ones and Deuterated Analogues Through Hydrosilylation and Deuterium-silylation. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38728220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
An efficient, practical, and metal-free protocol for the synthesis of silicon-containing isoindolin-1-ones and deuterated analogues via the synergistic combination of an organic photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer process is described. This strategy features mild reaction conditions, high atom economy, and excellent functional group compatibility, delivering a myriad of structurally diverse and valuable products with good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qin Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yuan-Xia Zhou
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Pan Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Lin-Hai Jing
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
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3
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He T, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Arenium-ion-catalysed halodealkylation of fully alkylated silanes. Nature 2023; 623:538-543. [PMID: 37821704 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
'Organic silicon' is not found in nature but modern chemistry is hard to imagine without silicon bound to carbon. Although silicon-containing commodity chemicals such as those emerging from the 'direct process'1-4 look simple, it is not trivial to selectively prepare aryl-substituted and alkyl-substituted (functionalized) silicon compounds, known as silanes. Chlorosilanes such as Me4-nSiCln (n = 1-3) as well as SiCl4 (n = 4) are common starting points for the synthesis of silicon-containing molecules. Yet these methods often suffer from challenging separation problems5. Conversely, silanes with four alkyl groups are considered synthetic dead ends. Here we introduce an arenium-ion-catalysed halodealkylation that effectively converts Me4Si and related quaternary silanes into a diverse range of functionalized derivatives. The reaction uses an alkyl halide and an arene (co)solvent: the alkyl halide is the halide source that eventually engages in a Friedel-Crafts alkylation with the arene to regenerate the catalyst6, whereas the arenium ion acts as a strong Brønsted acid for the protodealkylation step7. The advantage of the top-down halodealkylation methodology over reported bottom-up procedures is demonstrated, for example, in the synthesis of a silicon drug precursor. Moreover, chemoselective chlorodemethylation of the rather inert Me3Si group attached to an alkyl chain followed by oxidative degradation is shown to be an entry into Tamao-Fleming-type alcohol formation8,9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Wang GQ, Wang T, Zhang Y, Zhou YX, Yang D, Han P, Jing LH. Photoredox Metal-Free Synthesis of Unnatural β-Silyl-α-Amino Acids via Hydrosilylation. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300805. [PMID: 37906443 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, practical and metal-free methodology for the synthesis of β-silyl-α-amino acid motifs via photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process is described. This protocol enables the direct hydrosilylation of dehydroalanine derivatives and tolerates a wide array of functional groups and synthetic handles, leading to valuable β-silyl-α-amino acids with moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qin Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Xia Zhou
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, P.R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, P.R. China
| | - Pan Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Hai Jing
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, P.R. China
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5
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Rücker C, Grabitz E, Kümmerer K. Are Si-C bonds cleaved by microorganisms? A critical review on biodegradation of methylsiloxanes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 321:137858. [PMID: 36642148 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Methylsiloxanes, compounds that contain H3C-Si-O subunits in their molecular structure, are emerging ubiquitous pollutants now detected in many environmental compartments. These compounds and generally Si-C bonds do not occur in living nature, but are industrially produced worldwide in millions of tons per annum and are widely used, resulting in their release to the environment. It is an open question whether or to what extent microorganisms are able to decompose these compounds. The presence of methylsiloxanes in many biogases adds to the economic relevance of this question. We here review and critically discuss, for the first time, the evidence obtained for and against degradation of methylsiloxanes by microorganisms, and in particular for microbial cleavage of Si-CH3 bonds. As a result, no convincing demonstration of Si-C cleavage by native environmental microorganisms has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rücker
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, D-21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Elisa Grabitz
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, D-21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, D-21335, Lüneburg, Germany
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6
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Shigekane M, Arai T, Tamura M, Uchida T, Kakiuchi F, Kochi T. Desymmetrization of Prochiral Methylenes by Asymmetric Chain-Walking Cyclization Using Bioxazoline Palladium Catalysts. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Chang ASM, Kawamura KE, Henness HS, Salpino VM, Greene JC, Zakharov LN, Cook AK. (NHC)Ni(0)-Catalyzed Branched-Selective Alkene Hydrosilylation with Secondary and Tertiary Silanes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Sy-min Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Kiana E. Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Hayden S. Henness
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Victor M. Salpino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Jack C. Greene
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Amanda K. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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8
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Yang B, Cao K, Zhao G, Yang J, Zhang J. Pd/Ming-Phos-Catalyzed Asymmetric Three-Component Arylsilylation of N-Sulfonylhydrazones: Enantioselective Synthesis of gem-Diarylmethine Silanes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15468-15474. [PMID: 35994322 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed enantioselective three-component reaction of N-sulfonylhydrazones, aryl bromides, and silylboronic esters is developed, enabling the synthesis of chiral gem-diarylmethine silanes in high enantioselectivity with the use of a newly identified Ming-Phos. Compared with N-tosyl, the more easily decomposed N-mesitylsulfonyl is more suitable as the masking group of electron-rich hydrazone to improve the reaction efficiency. The reaction features a broad scope concerning both coupling partners, high enantioselectivity, and mild reaction conditions. The ready access to enantiomers and utility of this catalytic method are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Kangning Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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9
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Klimovica K, Heidlas JX, Romero I, Le TV, Daugulis O. “Sandwich” Diimine‐Copper Catalysts for C−H Functionalization by Carbene Insertion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200334. [PMID: 35594167 PMCID: PMC9329213 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report here "sandwich" diimine-copper(I) catalysts for C(sp3 )-H bond functionalization. Reactions of alkanes and ethers with trimethylsilyldiazomethane, ethyl diazoacetate, and trifluoromethyl-diazomethane have been demonstrated. We also report C(sp3 )-H bond methylation, benzylation, and diphenylmethylation by diazomethane, aryldiazomethanes, and diphenyldiazomethane. These reactions are rare examples of base-metal catalyzed, intermolecular C(sp3 )-H functionalizations by employing unactivated diazo compounds. Electrophilicity and unique steric environment of "sandwich"-copper catalysts are likely reasons for their catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Klimovica
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX USA
| | - Julius X. Heidlas
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX USA
| | - Irvin Romero
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX USA
| | - Thanh V. Le
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX USA
| | - Olafs Daugulis
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX USA
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10
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Luo C, Zhou Y, Chen H, Wang T, Zhang ZB, Han P, Jing LH. Photoredox Metal-Free Allylic Defluorinative Silylation of α-Trifluoromethylstyrenes with Hydrosilanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:4286-4291. [PMID: 35674520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient strategy that combines organic photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer to deliver gem-difluoroallylsilanes via defluorinative silylation of α-trifluoromethylstyrenes using hydrosilanes as silicon sources. This protocol provides an environmentally friendly approach for the preparation of structurally diverse gem-difluoroallylsilanes with excellent functional group compatibility and renders it suitable for late-stage modification of bioactive and complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Luo
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Zheng-Bing Zhang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Pan Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Lin-Hai Jing
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
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11
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Klimovica K, Heidlas JX, Romero I, Le TV, Daugulis O. “Sandwich” Diimine‐Copper Catalysts for C‐H Functionalization by Carbene Insertion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Olafs Daugulis
- University of Houston Chemistry Fleming 112 77204-5003 Houston UNITED STATES
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12
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Kuhlmann JH, Uygur M, García Mancheño O. Protodesilylation of Arylsilanes by Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:1689-1694. [PMID: 35196013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first visible-light-mediated photocatalytic, metal- and base-free protodesilylation of arylsilanes is presented. The C(sp2)-Si bond cleavage process is catalyzed by a 5 mol % loading of a commercially available acridinium salt upon blue-light irradiation. Two simple approaches have been identified employing either aerobic or hydrogen atom transfer cocatalytic conditions, which enable the efficient and selective desilylation of a broad variety of simple and complex arylsilanes under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Kuhlmann
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mustafa Uygur
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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13
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Osi A, Mahaut D, Tumanov N, Fusaro L, Wouters J, Champagne B, Chardon A, Berionni G. Taming the Lewis Superacidity of Non‐Planar Boranes: C−H Bond Activation and Non‐Classical Binding Modes at Boron. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Osi
- Chemistry Department—Namur Institute of Structured Matter— University of Namur 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Damien Mahaut
- Chemistry Department—Namur Institute of Structured Matter— University of Namur 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Chemistry Department—Namur Institute of Structured Matter— University of Namur 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Chemistry Department—Namur Institute of Structured Matter— University of Namur 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Chemistry Department—Namur Institute of Structured Matter— University of Namur 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Chemistry Department—Namur Institute of Structured Matter— University of Namur 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Aurélien Chardon
- Chemistry Department—Namur Institute of Structured Matter— University of Namur 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Chemistry Department—Namur Institute of Structured Matter— University of Namur 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
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14
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Hui L, Yuhan H, Jiaqi W. Theoretical investigation on the effect of the ligand on bis-silylation of C(sp)–C(sp) by Ni complexes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1005-1010. [PMID: 35425119 PMCID: PMC8979076 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08153e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory is used to study the bis-silylation of alkyne catalysed by a transition metal nickel–organic complex. The active catalyst, organic ligand, reaction mechanism, and rate-determining step were discussed with regard to dynamics and thermodynamics. COD or SIPr (COD = cyclooctadiene, SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene) coordination with Ni will greatly reduce the energy barrier of the Si–Si insertion step, that is, ΔΔG reaches 15.5 kcal mol−1. Furthermore, the structure of alkynes will change the energy barrier of the alkyne insertion step. Density functional theory (DFT) is used to study the bis-silylation of alkynes catalyzed by a transition metal nickel–organic complex; the active catalyst, the organic ligand, the reaction mechanism, and rate-determining step are discussed in this paper.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North Minzu University, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yinchuan, China
| | - He Yuhan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wang Jiaqi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
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15
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Hui C, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Antonchick AP. Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclobutanes by Contraction of Pyrrolidines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18864-18870. [PMID: 34748319 PMCID: PMC8603356 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a contractive synthesis of multisubstituted cyclobutanes containing multiple stereocenters from readily accessible pyrrolidines using iodonitrene chemistry. Mediated by a nitrogen extrusion process, the stereospecific synthesis of cyclobutanes involves a radical pathway. Unprecedented unsymmetrical spirocyclobutanes were prepared successfully, and a concise, formal synthesis of the cytotoxic natural product piperarborenine B is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.,Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, United Kingdom
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16
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Osi A, Mahaut D, Tumanov N, Fusaro L, Wouters J, Champagne B, Chardon A, Berionni G. Taming the Lewis Superacidity of Non-Planar Boranes: C-H Bond Activation and Non-Classical Binding Modes at Boron. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112342. [PMID: 34623002 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rational design of a geometrically constrained boron Lewis superacid featuring exceptional structure and reactivity is disclosed. It allowed the formation of non-classical electron deficient B-H-B type of bonding which was supported by spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction parameters as well as computational studies. Taming the pyramidal Lewis acid electrophilicity through weak coordinating anion dissociation enabled a series of highly challenging chemical transformations such as Csp 2 -H and Csp 3 -H activation under frustrated Lewis pair regime and the cleavage of Csp 3 -Si bonds. The demonstration of such type of rich chemical behavior and flexibility on a single molecular compound make it a unique mediator of chemical transformations generally restricted to transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Osi
- University of Namur: Universite de Namur, Chemistry, BELGIUM
| | - Damien Mahaut
- University of Namur: Universite de Namur, Chemistry, BELGIUM
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- University of Namur: Universite de Namur, Chemistry, BELGIUM
| | - Luca Fusaro
- University of Namur: Universite de Namur, Chemistry, BELGIUM
| | - Johan Wouters
- University of Namur: Universite de Namur, Chemistry, BELGIUM
| | | | | | - Guillaume Berionni
- University of Namur, Chemistry Department, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, BELGIUM
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17
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Zhang M, Gao S, Tang J, Chen L, Liu A, Sheng S, Zhang AQ. Asymmetric synthesis of chiral organosilicon compounds via transition metal-catalyzed stereoselective C-H activation and silylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8250-8263. [PMID: 34323898 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This feature article details the progress of transition metal-catalyzed stereoselective sp2 and sp3 C-H activation and silylation in the synthesis of chiral organosilicon compounds, and the asymmetric C-H silylation includes intramolecular cyclizing silylation and intermolecular silylation. The silylating reagents include monohydrosilanes, dihydrosilanes, silacylcobutanes and disilanes. In general, catalytic systems include a transition metal salt as the catalyst and a chiral ligand. No external chiral ligand is required in some cases where the chiral substrates act as the source of chirality. Many kinds of silylated compounds with central, axial, planar, or helical chirality have been constructed via C-H activation by asymmetric rhodium, iridium or palladium catalysis. Some pharmacophores and material building blocks were successfully introduced into the target molecules. Some silylated products proved to be useful in medicinal chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, and materials science. Besides reaction development, mechanisms for stereoselective C-H activation and silylation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University (Yaohu Campus), 99 Ziyangdadao Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
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Jin S, Liu K, Wang S, Song Q. Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalyzed Cascade Hydrosilylation and Hydroboration of Alkynes to Access Enantioenriched 1,1-Silylboryl Alkanes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13124-13134. [PMID: 34382392 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enantioenriched 1,1-silylboryl alkanes possess silyl and boryl groups that are both connected to the same stereogenic carbon center at well-defined orientations. As these chiral multifunctionalized compounds potentially offer two synthetic handles, they are highly valued building blocks in asymmetric synthesis as well as medicinal chemistry. Despite the potential usefulness, efficient synthetic approaches for their preparation are scarce. Seeking to address this deficiency, an enantioselective cobalt-catalyzed hydrosilylation/hydroboration cascade of terminal alkynes has been realized. This protocol constitutes an impressive case of chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity wherein the two different hydrofunctionalization events are exquisitely controlled by a single set of metal catalyst and ligand, an operation which would usually require two separate catalytic systems. Downstream transformations of enantioenriched 1,1-silyboryl alkanes led to various valuable chiral compounds. Mechanistic studies suggest that the present reaction undergoes highly regioselective and stereocontrolled sequential hydrosilylation and hydroboration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Jin
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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Roy A, Oestreich M. At Long Last: The Me 3 Si Group as a Masked Alcohol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4408-4410. [PMID: 33496981 PMCID: PMC7986603 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Roy
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Roy A, Oestreich M. Zu guter Letzt: Die Me
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Si‐Gruppe als ein getarnter Alkohol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Roy
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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