1
|
Jakhar VK, Shen YH, Yadav R, Nadif SS, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Lester DW, Veige AS. Tethered Alkylidenes for REMP from Carbon Disulfide Cleavage. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38888279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Reactions between tungsten alkylidyne [tBuOCO]W≡CtBu(THF)2 1 and sulfur containing small molecules are reported. Complex 1 reacts with CS2 to produce intermediate η2 bound CS2 complex [O2C(tBuC═)W(η2-(S,C)-CS2)(THF)] 8. Heating complex 8 provides a mixture of a monomeric tungsten sulfido complex 9 and a dimeric complex 10 in a 4:1 ratio, respectively. Heating the mixture does not perturb the ratio. Addition of excess THF in a solution of 9 and 10 (4:1) converts 10 to 9 (>96%) with concomitant loss of (CS)x. Both 9 and 10 can be selectively crystallized from the mixture. An alternative synthesis of exclusively monomeric 9 involves the reaction between 1 and PhNCS. Demonstrating ring expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP), tethered tungsten alkylidene 8 polymerizes norbornene to produce cis-selective syndiotactic cyclic polynorbornene (c-poly(NBE)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet K Jakhar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yu-Hsuan Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Rinku Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Soufiane S Nadif
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel W Lester
- Polymer Characterization Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Probst P, Groos J, Wang D, Beck A, Gugeler K, Kästner J, Frey W, Buchmeiser MR. Stereoselective Ring Expansion Metathesis Polymerization with Cationic Molybdenum Alkylidyne N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8435-8446. [PMID: 38482664 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Molybdenum alkylidyne N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of the type [Mo(C-p-C6H4Y)(OC(R)(CF3)2)2 (L)(NHC)][B(ArF)4] (Y = OMe, NO2; R = CH3, CF3; L = none, pivalonitrile, tetrahydrofuran; NHC = 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMes), 1,3-dimesityl-3,4-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene (IMesH2), 1,3-dimesityl-3,4-dichloroimidazol-2-ylidene (IMesCl2), 1,3-diisopropylimidazol-2-ylidene (IiPr); B(ArF)4- = tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phen-1-yl)borate) were used in the ring expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) of cyclic olefins. With cis-cyclooctene (cCOE) cyclic, low molecular weight oligomers were obtained at low monomer concentrations and the cyclic nature of the polymer was confirmed by MALDI-TOF measurements. High-molecular weight cyclic poly(cCOE) became available at high monomer concentrations. Also, post-REMP allowed for converting low-molecular-weight cyclic poly(cCOE) into high-molecular-weight cyclic poly(cCOE). Tailored catalysts together with suitable additives offered access to the stereoselective REMP of functional norbornenes providing functional cis-isotactic (cis-it), cis-syndiotactic (cis-st) and trans-it poly(norbornene)s with up to 99% stereoselectivity. Mechanistic details supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Probst
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jonas Groos
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dongren Wang
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Beck
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katrin Gugeler
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hyun SM, Marathianos A, Boeck PT, Ghiviriga I, Lester DW, Sumerlin BS, Veige AS. Influence of solvent on cyclic polynorbornene tacticity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13993-13996. [PMID: 37938062 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04167k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Tacticity is critical to polymer properties. The influence of solvent on tacticity in the catalytic synthesis of cyclic polynorbornene (c-PNB) is reported. In toluene cis,syndiotactic c-PNB forms; in THF, cis,syn/iso c-PNB forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Hyun
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Arkadios Marathianos
- Polymer Characterization Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Parker T Boeck
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Daniel W Lester
- Polymer Characterization Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Adam S Veige
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yadav R, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KK, Veige AS. A case of alkylidyne-imine metathesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12899-12902. [PMID: 37819671 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04583h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactions between imines and tungsten alkylidyne complexes are studied. The trianionic pincer ligand supported alkylidyne [tBuOCO]WCC(CH3)3(THF)2 (1) reacts with N-(R)-1-phenylmethanimine (PMI-R, R = Me, Ph, Bn, and TMS) yielding [tBuOC(H)O]W(η2-tBuCCPh)N(R) (4-R), products from metathesis reaction. In contrast, the non-pincer alkylidyne (tBuO)3WCC(CH3)3 does not react with PMI-R imines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
| | - Khalil K Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Beauchamp AM, Chakraborty J, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Lester DW, Veige AS. Ring Expansion Alkyne Metathesis Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22796-22802. [PMID: 37812163 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and preliminary activity of an unprecedented tethered alkylidyne tungsten complex for ring expansion alkyne metathesis polymerization (REAMP) are reported. The tethered alkylidyne 7 is generated rapidly by combining alkylidyne W(CtBu)(CH2tBu)(O-2,6-i-Pr2C6H3)2 (6) with 1 equiv of an yne-ol proligand (5). Characterized by NMR studies and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, complex 7 is a dimer. Each metal center contains a tungsten-carbon triple bond tethered to the metal center via an alkoxide ligand. The polymerization of the strained cycloalkyne 3,8-didodecyloxy-5,6-dihydro-11,12-didehydrodibenzo[a,e]-[8]annulene, 8, to generate cyclic polymers was demonstrated. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and intrinsic viscosity (η) measurements confirm the polymer's cyclic topology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Beauchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jhonti Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NMR Spectroscopy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel W Lester
- Polymer Characterization Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Levenson AM, Morrison CM, Huang PR, Wang TW, Carter-Schwendler Z, Golder MR. Ancillary Ligand Lability Improves Control in Cyclic Ruthenium Benzylidene Initiated Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1286-1292. [PMID: 37695322 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of well-defined cyclic polymers is crucial to exploring applications spanning engineering, energy, and biomedicine. These materials lack chain-ends and are therefore imbued with unique bulk properties. Despite recent advancements, the general methodology for controlled cyclic polymer synthesis via ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) remains challenging. Low initiator activity leads to high molar mass polymers at short reaction times that subsequently "evolve" to smaller polymeric products. In this work, we demonstrate that in situ addition of pyridine to the tethered ruthenium-benzylidene REMP initiator CB6 increases ancillary ligand lability to synthesize controlled and low dispersity cyclic poly(norbornene) on a short time scale without relying on molar mass evolution events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide M Levenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christine M Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Pin-Ruei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Teng-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Zak Carter-Schwendler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leitner D, Wittwer B, Neururer FR, Seidl M, Wurst K, Tambornino F, Hohloch S. Expanding the Utility of β-Diketiminate Ligands in Heavy Group VI Chemistry of Molybdenum and Tungsten. Organometallics 2023; 42:1411-1424. [PMID: 37388273 PMCID: PMC10302891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of 17 molybdenum and tungsten complexes supported by the ubiquitous BDI ligand framework (BDI = β-diketiminate). The focal entry point is the synthesis of four molybdenum and tungsten(V) BDI complexes of the general formula [MO(BDIR)Cl2] [M = Mo, R = Dipp (1); M = W, R = Dipp (2); M = Mo, R = Mes (3); M = W, R = Mes (4)] synthesized by the reaction between MoOCl3(THF)2 or WOCl3(THF)2 and LiBDIR. Reactivity studies show that the BDIDipp complexes are excellent precursors toward adduct formation, reacting smoothly with dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and triethylphosphine oxide (OPEt3). No reaction with small phosphines has been observed, strongly contrasting the chemistry of previously reported rhenium(V) complexes. Additionally, the complexes 1 and 2 are good precursors for salt metathesis reactions. While 1 can be chemically reduced to the first stable example of a Mo(IV) BDI complex 15, reduction of 2 resulted in degradation of the BDI ligand via a nitrene transfer reaction, leading to MAD (4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino)pent-2-enide) supported tungsten(V) and tungsten(VI) complexes 16 and 17. All reported complexes have been thoroughly studied by VT-NMR and (heteronuclear) NMR spectroscopy, as well as UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leitner
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Benjamin Wittwer
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Florian R. Neururer
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Michael Seidl
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Frank Tambornino
- Fachbereich
Chemie and Wissenschaftlichen Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften
(WZMW), Phillips-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jakhar VK, Shen YH, Hyun SM, Esper AM, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Lester DW, Veige AS. Improved Trianionic Pincer Ligand Synthesis for Cyclic Polymer Catalysts. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
|
9
|
Bruckhoff T, Paschai Darian LK, Stein CAM, Ballmann J. [PNP]-Stabilized Niobium(IV) and Tantalum(IV) Complexes: Synthesis and Characterization of an Open-Shell Tantalum Alkylidene. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Bruckhoff
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leon K. Paschai Darian
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin A. M. Stein
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ballmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen D, Molnar K, Kim H, Helfer CA, Kaszas G, Puskas JE, Kornfield JA, McKenna GB. Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Putative Cyclic Polymers Synthesized by Reversible Radical Recombination Polymerization (R3P). Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas79409, United States
| | - Kristof Molnar
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio44691, United States
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest1089, Hungary
| | - Hojin Kim
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Carin A. Helfer
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio44691, United States
| | - Gabor Kaszas
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio44691, United States
| | - Judit E. Puskas
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio44691, United States
| | - Julia A. Kornfield
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Gregory B. McKenna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas79409, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Uchiyama S, Sotani T, Mizokuro T, Sogawa H, Wagener KB, Sanda F. End Functionalization of Polynorbornene with Platinum–Acetylide Complexes Utilizing a Cross-Metathesis Reaction. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Uchiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita 564-8680, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taichi Sotani
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita 564-8680, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiko Mizokuro
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Sogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita 564-8680, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Fumio Sanda
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita 564-8680, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ochs J, Pagnacco CA, Barroso-Bujans F. Macrocyclic polymers: Synthesis, purification, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Jakhar VK, Esper AM, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Ehm C, Veige AS. Isolation of an Elusive Phosphametallacyclobutadiene and Its Role in Reversible Carbon−Carbon Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203073. [PMID: 35536109 PMCID: PMC9296546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of phosphaalkynes, the isolobal and isoelectronic congeners to alkynes, with metal alkylidyne complexes is explored in this work. Treating the tungsten alkylidyne [t BuOCO]W≡Ct Bu(THF)2 (1) with phosphaalkyne (10) results in the formation of [O2 C(t BuC=)W{η2 -(P,C)-P≡C-Ad}(THF)] (13-t BuTHF ) and [O2 C(AdC=)W{η2 -(P,C)-P≡C-t Bu}(THF)] (13-AdTHF ); derived from the formal reductive migratory insertion of the alkylidyne moiety into a W-Carene bond. Analogous to alkyne metathesis, a stable phosphametallacyclobutadiene complex [t BuOCO]W[κ2 -C(t Bu)PC(Ad)] (14) forms upon loss of THF from the coordination sphere of either 13-t BuTHF or 13-AdTHF . Remarkably, the C-C bonds reversibly form/cleave with the addition or removal of THF from the coordination sphere of the formal tungsten(VI) metal center, permitting unprecedented control over the transformation of a tetraanionic pincer to a trianionic pincer and back. Computational analysis offers thermodynamic and electronic reasoning for the reversible equilibrium between 13-t Bu/AdTHF and 14.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet K. Jakhar
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Alec M. Esper
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Adam S. Veige
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jakhar VK, Esper AM, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Ehm C, Veige AS. Isolation of an Elusive Phosphametallacyclobutadiene and Its Role in Reversible Carbon−Carbon Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet K. Jakhar
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Alec M. Esper
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Adam S. Veige
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ma C, Quan Y, Zhang J, Sun R, Zhao Q, He X, Liao X, Xie M. Efficient Synthesis and Cyclic Molecular Topology of Ultralarge-Sized Bicyclic and Tetracyclic Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ying Quan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinhuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ruyi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiuhua Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiao He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Meiran Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Timmermann C, Thiem P, Wanitschke D, Hüttenschmidt M, Romischke J, Villinger A, Seidel WW. Migratory insertion of isocyanide into a ketenyl-tungsten bond as key step in cyclization reactions. Chem Sci 2021; 13:123-132. [PMID: 35059160 PMCID: PMC8694283 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06149f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of the side-on tungsten alkyne complex of ethinylethyl ether [Tp*W(CO)2(η2-C,C'-HCCOCH2CH3)]+ {Tp* = hydridotris(3,4,5-trimethylpyrazolyl)borate} (2a) with n-Bu4NI afforded the end-on ketenyl complex [Tp*W(CO)2(κ1-HCCO)] (4a). This formal 16 ve complex bearing the prototype of a ketenyl ligand is surprisingly stable and converts only under activation by UV light or heat to form a dinuclear complex [Tp*2W2(CO)4(μ-CCH2)] (6). The ketenyl ligand in complex 4a underwent a metal template controlled cyclization reaction upon addition of isocyanides. The oxametallacycles [Tp*W(CO)2{κ2-C,O-C(NHXy)C(H)C(Nu)O}] {Nu = OMe (7), OEt (8), N(i-Pr)2 (9), OH (10), O1/2 (11)} were formed by coordination of Xy-NC (Xy = 2,6-dimethylphenyl) at 4a and subsequent migratory insertion (MI) into the W-ketenyl bond. The resulting intermediate is susceptible to addition reactions with protic nucleophiles. Compounds 2a-PF6, 4a/b, and 7-11 were fully characterized including XRD analysis. The cyclization mechanism has been confirmed both experimentally and by DFT calculations. In cyclic voltammetry, complexes 7-9 are characterized by a reversible W(ii)/W(iii) redox process. The dinuclear complex 11 however shows two separated redox events. Based on cyclic voltammetry measurements with different conducting electrolytes and IR spectroelectrochemical (SEC) measurements the W(ii)/W(iii) mixed valent complex 11+ is assigned to class II in terms of the Robin-Day classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Timmermann
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a D-18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Paula Thiem
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a D-18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Dominik Wanitschke
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a D-18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a D-18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Mareike Hüttenschmidt
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a D-18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Johanna Romischke
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a D-18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a D-18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Wolfram W Seidel
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a D-18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a D-18059 Rostock Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Hauser PM, Gugeler K, Frey W, Kästner J, Buchmeiser MR. Tungsten Sulfido Alkylidene and Cationic Tungsten Sulfido Alkylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research, Körschtalstrasse 26, D-73770Denkendorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mandal U, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Lester DW, Veige AS. Double Tethered Metallacyclobutane Catalyst for Cyclic Polymer Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17276-17283. [PMID: 34618432 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work outlines an approach to creating a catalyst for cyclic polymer synthesis using readily available materials in only one or two steps. Combining commercially available molybdenum-alkylidene 1 with two equivalents of ene-ol proligand 2 rapidly produces, in quantitative yield (1H NMR spectroscopy), the double tethered metallacyclobutane complex 3. Characterized by variable temperature NMR studies and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) experiments, complex 3 exhibits fluxional behavior in solution. Determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, the solid-state structure of complex 3 reveals metrical parameters indicating that the metallacyclobutane is not predicted to undergo rapid retro-cycloaddition. However, complex 3 is a precatalyst for the polymerization of norbornene to produce cyclic polynorbornene. An NMR spectrum of a test polymerization indicates that only a small fraction of the precatalyst is activated upon exposure to monomer. Quantifying the active catalyst is possible by measuring vinyl resonances that appear in the 1H NMR spectrum. The vinyl resonances are attributable to the release of one of the tethers upon norbornene addition. Confirmation of the polymer cyclic topology comes from gel permeation chromatography (GPC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and intrinsic viscosity (η) measurements. The double tethered metallacyclobutane complex is a novel design for catalytic cyclic polymer synthesis. The synthetic approach suggests that catalyst tuning is possible by a choice of the commercial alkylidene and alteration of the ene-ol proligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ushnish Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NMR Spectroscopy, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel W Lester
- Polymer Characterization Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Miao Z, Konar D, Sumerlin BS, Veige AS. Soluble Polymer Precursors via Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization for the Synthesis of Cyclic Polyacetylene. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Miao
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Debabrata Konar
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Adam S. Veige
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hauser PM, Musso JV, Frey W, Buchmeiser MR. Cationic Tungsten Oxo Alkylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes via Hydrolysis of Cationic Alkylidyne Progenitors. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|