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León Rojas AF, Chong YY, Kyne SH, Xia B, Chan PWH. Enantioselective and Regiodivergent Gold and Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Cycloisomerization/Diels-Alder Reaction of 1,10-Dien-4-yn-3-yl Acetates: Synthesis of Norbornene-Embedded Tricarbocycles. Org Lett 2024; 26:3037-3042. [PMID: 38557076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A synthetic method for the enantioselective and regiodivergent synthesis of hexahydro-2H-2,4a-methanonaphthalen-4-yl and octahydro-2,4-methanoazulen-1-yl esters that relies on the gold(I)- and chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed cycloisomerization/Diels-Alder (CDA) reaction of (E)-1,10-dien-4-yn-3-yl acetates is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Yan Chong
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sara Helen Kyne
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Bo Xia
- Department of the Biological Environment, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Philip Wai Hong Chan
- Department of the Biological Environment, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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2
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Yao L, Bao J, Wang Y, Gui J. Titanium-Mediated Dehydroxylative Cross-Coupling of Allylic Alcohols with Electron-Deficient Olefins. Org Lett 2024; 26:1243-1248. [PMID: 38315609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein we report a Ti(III)-mediated dehydroxylative cross-coupling reaction of allylic alcohols with electron-deficient olefins. This reaction is amenable to various synthetically versatile allylic alcohols, including geraniol and farnesol, providing a general method for dehydroxylative C-C bond formation. We demonstrated the reaction's utility by simplifying the syntheses of eight useful building blocks that are otherwise laborious to prepare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiajing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinghan Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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Hussain H, Xiao J, Ali A, Green IR, Westermann B. Unusually cyclized triterpenoids: occurrence, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:412-451. [PMID: 36458822 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00033d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2009 to 2021Biosynthetically, most of the syntheses of triterpenes follow the cascade cyclization and rearrangement of the acyclic precursors viz., squalene (S) and 2,3-oxidosqualene (OS), which lead to the very well known tetra- and pentacyclic triterpene skeletons. Aside from these, numerous other triterpenoid molecules are also reported from various natural sources and their structures are derived from "S" and "OS" via some unusual cyclization operations which are different from the usual tetra- and pentacyclic frameworks. Numerous compelling advances have been made and reported in the identification of these unusual cyclized mono-, di-, tri- and tetracyclic triterpenes between 2009 and 2021. Besides a dramatic increase in the newly isolated uncommon cyclized triterpenoids, substantial progress in the (bio)-synthesis of these triterpenes has been published along with significant progress in their biological effects. In this review, 180 new unusual cyclized triterpenoids together with their demonstrated biogenetic pathways, syntheses and biological effects will be categorized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany.
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, E-32004, Spain
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ivan R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany.
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4
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Peng X, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Yu Z, Zhong Z, Zhang L, Chen Z, Claret FX, Elkabets M, Wang F, Sun F, Wang R, Liang H, Lin H, Kong D. Stellettin B Sensitizes Glioblastoma to DNA-Damaging Treatments by Suppressing PI3K-Mediated Homologous Recombination Repair. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205529. [PMID: 36453577 PMCID: PMC9875605 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of cancer. Its current first-line postsurgery regimens are radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, both of which are DNA damage-inducing therapies but show very limited efficacy and a high risk of resistance. There is an urgent need to develop novel agents to sensitize GBM to DNA-damaging treatments. Here it is found that the triterpene compound stellettin B (STELB) greatly enhances the sensitivity of GBM to ionizing radiation and TMZ in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, STELB inhibits the expression of homologous recombination repair (HR) factors BRCA1/2 and RAD51 by promoting the degradation of PI3Kα through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway; and the induced HR deficiency then leads to augmented DNA damage and cell death. It is further demonstrated that STELB has the potential to rapidly penetrate the blood-brain barrier to exert anti-GBM effects in the brain, based on zebrafish and nude mouse orthotopic xenograft tumor models. The study provides strong evidence that STELB represents a promising drug candidate to improve GBM therapy in combination with DNA-damaging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and DiagnosticsSchool of PharmacyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education)Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational BiologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
- Department of Systems Biologythe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Shaolu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and DiagnosticsSchool of PharmacyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education)Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and DiagnosticsSchool of PharmacyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education)Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational BiologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
- Department of Systems Biologythe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Zixiang Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and DiagnosticsSchool of PharmacyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education)Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Zhenxing Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and DiagnosticsSchool of PharmacyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education)Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNY11439USA
| | - Francois X. Claret
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational BiologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and GeneticsFaculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva84105Israel
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Fan Sun
- Research Center for Marine DrugsState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesDepartment of PharmacyRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Ran Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and DiagnosticsSchool of PharmacyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education)Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational BiologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
- Department of Systems Biologythe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Hou‐Wen Lin
- Research Center for Marine DrugsState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesDepartment of PharmacyRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and DiagnosticsSchool of PharmacyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education)Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
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Chen B, Qiu P, Xu B, Zhao Q, Gu YC, Fu L, Bi S, Lan L, Wang CY, Guo YW. Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Isomalabaricane Terpenoids from the Sponge Rhabdastrella globostellata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1799-1807. [PMID: 35767002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nine new isomalabaricane terpenoids (1-9) were isolated from the sponge Rhabdastrella globostellata of Ximao Island, together with 13 known ones (10-22). The structures were established by spectroscopic data interpretation and chemical calculations, as well as by comparison with spectroscopic data of known compounds. Notably, of the new isolates, hainanstelletin A (5) is the first representative of a nitrogenous isomalabaricane. The isolated compounds were evaluated against several cancer cell lines and two bacterial pathogens. In addition, moderate to strong antibacterial activities against Streptococcus pyogenes were also detected among geometric isomers 1, 2, and 10-12, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.1-1.8 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Chen
- Drug Discovery Shandong Laboratory, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Peiju Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Baofu Xu
- Drug Discovery Shandong Laboratory, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, P. R. China
| | - Qingmin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Bi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Lefu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- Drug Discovery Shandong Laboratory, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
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6
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Li F, Renata H. A Chiral-Pool-Based Strategy to Access trans-syn-Fused Drimane Meroterpenoids: Chemoenzymatic Total Syntheses of Polysin, N-Acetyl-polyveoline and the Chrodrimanins. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18280-18286. [PMID: 34670085 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
trans-syn-Fused drimane meroterpenoids are unique natural products that arise from contra-thermodynamic polycyclizations of their polyene precursors. Herein we report the first total syntheses of four trans-syn-fused drimane meroterpenoids, namely polysin, N-acetyl-polyveoline, chrodrimanin C, and verruculide A, in 7-18 steps from sclareolide. The trans-syn-fused drimane unit is accessed through an efficient acid-mediated C9 epimerization of sclareolide. Subsequent applications of enzymatic C-H oxidation and contemporary annulation methodologies install the requisite C3 hydroxyl group and enable rapid generation of structural complexity to provide concise access to these natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhuo Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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7
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Addition of malonic esters to azoalkenes generated in situ from α-bromo- and α-chlorohydrazones. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Xue Y, Dong G. Total Synthesis of Penicibilaenes via C-C Activation-Enabled Skeleton Deconstruction and Desaturation Relay-Mediated C-H Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8272-8277. [PMID: 34038107 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the first total synthesis of sesquiterpene penicibilaenes A and B through a "C-C/C-H" approach. In the "C-C" stage, the Rh-catalyzed "cut-and-sew" transformation between trisubstituted alkene and cyclobutanone has been employed to construct the unique tricyclo[6.3.1.01,5]dodecane skeleton and the all-carbon quaternary center. Critical linker and Lewis acid effects have been identified for the C-C activation process. In the "C-H" stage, a desaturation relay-based strategy involving consecutive ketone α,β-dehydrogenation and β-functionalization has been adopted to introduce the 1,3,5-triad stereocenters to the core. The synthesis of penicibilaenes A and B has been completed in 13 and 14 steps, respectively, in the longest linear sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Bemis CY, Ungarean CN, Shved AS, Jamieson CS, Hwang T, Lee KS, Houk KN, Sarlah D. Total Synthesis and Computational Investigations of Sesquiterpene-Tropolones Ameliorate Stereochemical Inconsistencies and Resolve an Ambiguous Biosynthetic Relationship. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6006-6017. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Y. Bemis
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chad N. Ungarean
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander S. Shved
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Cooper S. Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Taehwan Hwang
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ken S. Lee
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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10
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Huck CJ, Boyko YD, Sarlah D. Total Synthesis of Stelletins through an Unconventional Annulation Strategy. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1597-1609. [PMID: 33635622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems present the largest source of biodiversity on the planet and an immense reservoir of novel chemical entities. Sessile marine organisms such as sponges produce a wide range of complex secondary metabolites, many of these with potent biological activity engineered for chemical defense. That such compounds exert dynamic effects outside of their native context is perhaps not surprising, and the realm of marine natural products has attracted considerable attention as a largely untapped repository of potential candidates for drug development. Only a handful of the more than 15 000 marine natural products that have been isolated to date have advanced to the clinic, and more are to be expected. The rich chemical information encoded in the intricate three-dimensional structures of many marine natural products facilitates highly discriminating interactions with cell signaling pathways, and especially within cancer cells such nuanced effects offer an exciting opportunity for the development of targeted therapies that lack the side effects and general toxicity of conventional chemotherapeutics. The isomalabaricanes are a rare class of marine triterpenoids that have been hailed as promising cytotoxic lead compounds for the treatment of cancer, and they have attracted a flurry of excitement from researchers because of their potent cytotoxicity in certain human cancer cell lines along with a range of other antineoplastic effects. Most notably, their inhibitory activity is highly cell-selective, characterized by large deviations from their mean GI50 concentrations across 3 orders of magnitude in the NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Lines screen, suggesting mechanistic specificity rather than general and unbridled toxicity. Despite these auspicious preliminary reports, the isomalabaricane scaffold remains largely unexplored as a potential anticancer lead because of lack of material. This Account describes our recent efforts to develop a general, modular synthesis of the isomalabaricanes, as exemplified by the successful total syntheses of rhabdastrellic acid A, stelletin E, and stelletin A. The unorthodox trans-syn-trans configuration of their perhydrobenz[e]indene core severely circumscribes the synthetic methods available for its construction and required several generations of strategy to assemble. Ultimately, a series of unconventional transformations were identified that were capable of building this highly strained motif, and the syntheses of rhabdastrellic acid A and stelletin E were completed in racemic fashion. Subsequently, a second-generation approach to these natural products was developed, rendering the synthesis enantioselective as well as providing access to stelletin A. These synthetic efforts were greatly assisted by computational techniques such as 13C NMR prediction, which enabled structural assignments of hydrocarbon diastereomers, as well as relaxed surface scan conformational analysis, which informed a campaign for directed hydrogenation of an alkene. High-throughput experimentation methods were brought to bear during optimization of a late-stage Suzuki coupling on stelletin A. Finally, preliminary structure-activity relationship studies in glioblastoma and nonsmall cell lung cancer cell lines were conducted on stelletin A, revealing that the singular trans-syn-trans perhydrobenz[e]indene core is essential for the cytotoxic activity of the isomalabaricane triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Huck
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yaroslav D. Boyko
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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