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Fatima S, Zahoor AF, Khan SG, Naqvi SAR, Hussain SM, Nazeer U, Mansha A, Ahmad H, Chaudhry AR, Irfan A. Baeyer-Villiger oxidation: a promising tool for the synthesis of natural products: a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23423-23458. [PMID: 39055269 PMCID: PMC11270005 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Baeyer-Villiger oxidation is a well-known reaction utilized for the synthesis of lactones and ester functionalities from ketones. Chiral lactones can be synthesized from chiral or racemic ketones by employing asymmetric Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. These lactones act as key intermediates in the synthesis of most of the biologically active natural products, their analogues, and derivatives. Various monooxygenases and oxidizing agents facilitate BV oxidation, providing a broad range of synthetic applications in organic chemistry. The variety of enzymatic and chemoselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidations and their substantial role in the synthesis of natural products i.e., alkaloids, polyketides, fatty acids, terpenoids, etc. (reported since 2018) have been summarized in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summaya Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Raza Naqvi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Usman Nazeer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Hamad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bisha PO Box 551 Bisha 61922 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University PO Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
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2
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Xu Z, Airan Y, Tomanik M, Yang AT, Bhak N, Herzon SB. Intramolecular Oxyalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes. Tetrahedron 2024; 161:134070. [PMID: 38911481 PMCID: PMC11192504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2024.134070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of cyclopropanes by the cyclization of allylic diazoesters is well-known. In prior studies toward the sesquiterpenoid euonyminol, we attempted to carry out an intramolecular cyclopropanation of an allylic diazoester containing an electronically-unbiased alkene embedded in a 6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]-oct-3-ene skeleton. We obtained exclusively a product arising from 1,2-addition of oxygen and carbon (oxyalkylation) to the alkene. While oxyalkylation products have been reported when electron-rich alkenes (e.g. enol ethers) are employed, examples derived from electronically-unbiased alkenes are rare. Here, we establish that the oxyalkylation is general for a range of 6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]-oct-3-ene substrates and show that these products form competitively in the cyclization of simpler α-diazo β-ketoesters. Our data suggest increasing charge separation in the transition state for the addition promotes the oxyalkylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yougant Airan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Martin Tomanik
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Andrew T Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Natalie Bhak
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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3
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Chen P, Wang J, Zhang S, Wang Y, Sun Y, Bai S, Wu Q, Cheng X, Cao P, Qi X. Total syntheses of Tetrodotoxin and 9-epiTetrodotoxin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:679. [PMID: 38263179 PMCID: PMC10806222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin and congeners are specific voltage-gated sodium channel blockers that exhibit remarkable anesthetic and analgesic effects. Here, we present a scalable asymmetric syntheses of Tetrodotoxin and 9-epiTetrodotoxin from the abundant chemical feedstock furfuryl alcohol. The optically pure cyclohexane skeleton is assembled via a stereoselective Diels-Alder reaction. The dense heteroatom substituents are established sequentially by a series of functional group interconversions on highly oxygenated cyclohexane frameworks, including a chemoselective cyclic anhydride opening, and a decarboxylative hydroxylation. An innovative SmI2-mediated concurrent fragmentation, an oxo-bridge ring opening and ester reduction followed by an Upjohn dihydroxylation deliver the highly oxidized skeleton. Ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative alkyne cleavage and formation of the hemiaminal and orthoester under acidic conditions enable the rapid assembly of Tetrodotoxin, anhydro-Tetrodotoxin, 9-epiTetrodotoxin, and 9-epi lactone-Tetrodotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuangfeng Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuze Sun
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Songlin Bai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qingcui Wu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xinyu Cheng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Peng Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Kim B, Puthukanoori RK, Martha B, Reddy Muthyala N, Thota S, Thummala V, Rao Paraselli B, Chen DYK. Stereo-Controlled Synthesis of Vicinal Tertiary Carbinols: Application in the Synthesis of a Diol Substructure of Zaragozic Acid, Pactamycin and Ryanodol. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301938. [PMID: 37395682 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel and flexible approach for the stereo-controlled synthesis of vicinal tertiary carbinols is reported. The developed strategy featured a highly diastereoselective singlet-oxygen (O2 1 ) [4+2] cycloaddition of rationally designed cyclohexadienones (derived from oxidative dearomatization of the corresponding carboxylic-acid appended phenol precursors), followed by programmed "O-O" and "C-C" bond cleavage. In doing so, a highly functionalized and versatile intermediate was identified and prepared in synthetically useful quantity as a plausible precursor to access a variety of designed and naturally occurring vicinal tertiary carbinol containing compounds. Most notably, the developed strategy was successfully applied in the stereo-controlled synthesis of advanced core structures of zaragozic acid, pactamycin and ryanodol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungjoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Srinivas Thota
- Chemveda Life Sciences, Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana, 500039, India
| | | | | | - David Y-K Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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Aniebok V, Shingare RD, Wei‐Lee H, Johnstone TC, MacMillan JB. Biomimetic Total Synthesis and Investigation of the Non-Enzymatic Chemistry of Oxazinin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208029. [PMID: 35881566 PMCID: PMC9479274 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report the first total synthesis of an antimycobacterial natural product oxazinin A that takes advantage of a multi-component cascade reaction of anthranilic acid and a precursor polyketide containing an aldehyde. The route utilized for the synthesis of the pseudodimeric oxazinin A validates a previously proposed biosynthetic mechanism, invoking a non-enzymatic pathway to the complex molecule. We found a 76 : 10 : 9 : 5 ratio of oxazinin diastereomers from the synthetic cascade, which is an identical match to that found in the fermentation media from the fungus Eurotiomycetes 110162. Further investigation of the non-enzymatic formation of oxazinin A using 1 H-15 N HMBC NMR spectroscopy allowed for a plausible determination of the stepwise mechanism. The developed route is highly amenable for the synthesis of diverse sets of analogs around the oxazinin scaffold to study structure-activity relationships (SAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Aniebok
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUC Santa CruzSanta CruzCA 95064USA
| | - Rahul D. Shingare
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUC Santa CruzSanta CruzCA 95064USA
| | - Hsiau Wei‐Lee
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUC Santa CruzSanta CruzCA 95064USA
| | | | - John B. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUC Santa CruzSanta CruzCA 95064USA
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6
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Aniebok V, Shingare R, Wei-Lee H, Johnstone T, MacMillan J. Biomimetic Total Synthesis and Investigation of the Non‑Enzymatic Chemistry of Oxazinin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Aniebok
- University of California Santa Cruz Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Rahul Shingare
- University of California Santa Cruz Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Hsiau Wei-Lee
- University of California Santa Cruz Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Timothy Johnstone
- University of California Santa Cruz Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - John MacMillan
- University of California Santa Cruz Chemistry and Biochemistry 1156 High St. 95064 Santa Cruz UNITED STATES
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Aher RD, Ishikawa A, Yamanaka M, Tanaka F. Catalytic Enantioselective Construction of Decalin Derivatives by Dynamic Kinetic Desymmetrization of C2-Symmetric Derivatives through Aldol-Aldol Annulation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8151-8157. [PMID: 35666096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed and investigated a catalytic desymmetrization reaction strategy that affords functionalized decalin derivatives with high enantioselectivities from C2-symmetric derivatives through aldol-aldol annulation. We identified the structural moieties of the catalyst necessary for the formation of the decalin derivative with high enantioselectivity. We elucidated the mechanisms of the catalyzed reactions: the first aldol reaction step was reversible, and the second aldol step was rate-limiting and stereochemistry-determining and was enantioselective. Using theoretical calculations guided by the experimental results, we identified the interactions between the catalyst and the transition state that led to the major enantiomer. The information obtained in this study will be useful for the development of catalysts and chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra D Aher
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nish-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nish-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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Wang Y, Nagai T, Watanabe I, Hagiwara K, Inoue M. Total Synthesis of Euonymine and Euonyminol Octaacetate. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21037-21047. [PMID: 34870420 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Euonymine (1) and euonyminol octaacetate (2) share the core structure of euonyminol (3), the most hydroxylated member of the dihydro-β-agarofuran family. In 2, eight of the nine hydroxy groups of 3 are acetylated, and 1 has six acetyl groups and a 14-membered bislactone comprising a pyridine dicarboxylic acid with two methyl groups. The different acylation patterns provide distinct biological activities: 1 and 2 display anti-HIV and P-glycoprotein inhibitory effects, respectively. The 11 contiguous stereocenters and 9 oxygen functionalities of the ABC-ring system of 1 and 2 represent a formidable challenge, which is further heightened by the macrocyclic structure of 1. Here we disclose an efficient synthetic strategy for enantioselective total synthesis of 1 and 2. Starting from (R)-glycerol acetonide, we constructed the B-ring by an Et3N-accelerated Diels-Alder reaction, the C-ring by intramolecular iodoetherification, and the A-ring by ring-closing olefin metathesis. The 10 stereocenters were installed through a series of substrate-controlled stereoselective C-C and C-O bond formations by exploiting the three-dimensional structures of judiciously designed substrates. These newly developed reaction sequences led to protected euonyminol 5, which served as a common intermediate for assembling 1 and 2. Global deprotection of 5 and subsequent acetylation produced 2. Alternatively, the discriminative protective groups of 5 allowed for site-selective bis-esterification to generate bislactone. Combining [3 + 2]-cycloaddition and reductive desulfurization introduced the last remaining stereocenters of the two methyl groups on the macrocycle. Finally, deprotection and acetylation gave rise to fully synthetic 1 for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nagai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Itsuki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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9
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Tomanik M, Xu Z, Guo F, Wang Z, Yang KR, Batista VS, Herzon SB. Development of an Enantioselective Synthesis of (-)-Euonyminol. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17011-17035. [PMID: 34784213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We detail the development of the first enantioselective synthetic route to euonyminol (1), the most heavily oxidized member of the dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes and the nucleus of the macrocyclic alkaloids known as the cathedulins. Key steps in the synthetic sequence include a novel, formal oxyalkylation reaction of an allylic alcohol by [3 + 2] cycloaddition; a tandem lactonization-epoxide opening reaction to form the trans-C2-C3 vicinal diol residue; and a late-stage diastereoselective trimethylaluminum-mediated α-ketol rearrangement. We report an improved synthesis of the advanced unsaturated ketone intermediate 64 by means of a 6-endo-dig radical cyclization of the enyne 42. This strategy nearly doubled the yield through the intermediate steps in the synthesis and avoided a problematic inversion of stereochemistry required in the first-generation approach. Computational studies suggest that the mechanism of this transformation proceeds via a direct 6-endo-trig cyclization, although a competing 5-exo-trig cyclization, followed by a rearrangement, is also energetically viable. We also detail the challenges associated with manipulating the oxidation state of late-stage intermediates, which may inform efforts to access other derivatives such as 9-epi-euonyminol or 8-epi-euonyminol. Our successful synthetic strategy provides a foundation to synthesize the more complex cathedulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tomanik
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Facheng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Zechun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ke R Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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